May 5, 2025
Stellar Spectacles: Hypervelocity Stars, Space Jobs, and Juno's Jupiter Revelations
In this episode of Astronomy Daily, host Steve Dunkley and his delightful co-host Hallie dive into an exciting array of cosmic revelations and updates from the universe. Buckle up as they explore some of the most intriguing stories that showcase the...
In this episode of Astronomy Daily, host Steve Dunkley and his delightful co-host Hallie dive into an exciting array of cosmic revelations and updates from the universe. Buckle up as they explore some of the most intriguing stories that showcase the dynamic nature of space exploration.
Highlights:
- The Return of Cosmos 482: Discover the impending reentry of the Soviet spacecraft Cosmos 482, originally launched in 1972. As it makes its way back to Earth, experts speculate on the potential for this historic lander to survive its descent, raising questions about space debris and its implications for our planet.
- Space Jobs for the U.S. Army: Learn about the U.S. Army's establishment of a dedicated space career field for enlisted personnel. This new initiative aims to better prepare soldiers for modern conflicts that extend into space, highlighting the increasing importance of space operations in military strategy.
- Hypervelocity Stars and Exoplanets: Explore the groundbreaking discovery of a super Neptune exoplanet orbiting a hypervelocity star. This remarkable find challenges existing models of planetary formation and survival, offering new insights into the dynamics of celestial bodies in extreme environments.
- Juno's Ongoing Mission:Join Steve and Hallie as they discuss the latest findings from NASA's Juno spacecraft at Jupiter. With stunning imagery and data, Juno continues to unveil the mysteries of the gas giant and its volcanic moon, Io, revealing critical details about their atmospheres and internal structures.
- Spacewalks on the International Space Station: Catch up on the recent spacewalk conducted by NASA astronauts to enhance the ISS's capabilities. Their maintenance and upgrades underscore the ongoing efforts to keep the station operational and ready for future missions.
For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.
Thank you for tuning in. This is Steve signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.
00:00 - Welcome to Astronomy Daily
01:10 - Cosmos 482's impending reentry
05:30 - U.S. Army's new space operations specialty
10:45 - Discovery of a super Neptune exoplanet
15:00 - Updates from Juno on Jupiter and Io
20:00 - Recent ISS spacewalk highlights
✍️ Episode References
Cosmos 482 Reentry
[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)
U.S. Army Space Operations
[U.S. Army](https://www.army.mil/)
Hypervelocity Stars
[Astronomical Journal](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-3881)
NASA's Juno Mission
[NASA Juno](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/main/index.html)
International Space Station Updates
[NASA ISS](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html)
Astronomy Daily
[Astronomy Daily](http://www.astronomydaily.io/)
Become a supporter of this podcast:
WEBVTT
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Welcome again to the Australia studio for Astronomy Daily for
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another week. It's the fifth of May twenty twenty five.
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Pot I mean your whole speed conclude. Yes, we're back again,
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and please welcome to the shitty. I'm a good friend
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of digital pal Hollie. How are you going today?
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Always great to be here in the studio with you.
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That's nice to hear.
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So what's on the menu today, my favorite human?
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Well, Halle, I'm glad you asked. Did you know there
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is an old Soviet spacecraft about to re enter back
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to Earth?
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And not because it's part of a mission, no, just
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because it's all right?
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Oh Halle, you could get away with a comment like that.
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Oh stop it.
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Yes, I remember you talking about space junk in the
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tea room. Yes, we won't go there.
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And don't forget about that story about the US Army
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creating space jobs.
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Yes, space jobs for enlisted personnel.
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That's the one I can't wait to hear. Just what
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that's all about?
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I know, Hallie, they already have space force. So what
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else is going on over there? I know? And how
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about this one? Astronomers have come across a planet that's
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orbiting a star.
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Okay, Yeah, that's a very normal kind of story, isn't it.
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Yes, but this star is hurtling out of the galaxy
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at an unbelievable speed.
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Okay, I just looked at the file. That's a fast star.
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Well, I've actioned that one for you, hallie.
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I'll bring that story.
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Soon, and finally we'll be going all the way out
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to Io and Jupiter. Some of the best stories come
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from that end of the Solar System? Is there an end?
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The little probe that just keeps on giving?
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That's right. JUNO has been revealing the stunning imagery and
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data about Jupiter since twenty sixteen. It's been examining the
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gas giant's atmosphere, Aurora's and mysterious core, all this while
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coping with the harshest radiation conditions in the Solar System.
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How about them apples.
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Hallie, you can keep those apples. Thanks. I'll stick to
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Planet Earth.
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Yes, I'm a groundhog as well, So why don't we
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get on with it, my data driven damsel of that theoristronomicallesomeness.
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Let's hit it, ohkis. Astronomers have observed hypervelocity stars before,
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but NASA scientists may have just identified a truly extraordinary system.
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They've found what appears to be the first known case
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of a super Neptune exoplanet orbiting a hypervelocity star, a
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star hurtling through space at extraordinary speed. This remarkable find
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could reshape our understanding of how planets form and survive
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in extreme gravitational environments. The fact that a planet has
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remained gravitationally bound to such a fast moving star challenge
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as existing models of stellar and planetary evolution. However, this
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system formed, it's astonishing that the planet has managed to
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stay in orbit through such a tumultuous journey. Velocity stars
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are rare celestial objects that travel at incredible speeds, often
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hundreds of kilometers per second. These stars are usually ejected
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from their home galaxies by powerful gravitational interactions, such as
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close encounters with supermassive black holes or other massive stars.
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Some travel so fast that they can escape the gravitational
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pull of the Milky Way entirely. Studying these runaway stars
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offers valuable insight into the structure and evolution of our galaxy,
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the behavior of black holes, and even the distribution of
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dark matter throughout the cosmos. The details of This groundbreaking
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discovery were published in the Astronomical Journal. Led by astronomer
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Sean Terry of the University of Maryland. The research describes
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a low mass star moving at approximately five hundred and
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forty kilometers per second or one point two million miles
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per hour, with a likely super Neptune sized planet in orbit.
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If placed in our own Solar system, this planet would
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lie somewhere between the orbit of Venus and Earth. According
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to Terry, this is likely the first planet ever discovered
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orbiting a hypervelocity star, a finding that pushes the boundaries
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of what scientists thought was possible in planetary dynamics. Finding
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objects like this in space is tricky. This object was
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first seen in twenty eleven following analysis of data from
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the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics survey that had been conducted
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by the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. The study
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had been on the lookout for evidence for exoplanets around
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distant stars. The presence of a mass between Earth and
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a distant object creates these microlensing events. As such, when
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a mass passes between Us and a star, its presence
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can be revealed through analysis of its light curve. In
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the twenty eleven data, the signals revealed a pair of
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celestial bodies and allowed the researchers to calculate that one
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was about two thousand, three hundred times heavier than the other.
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The two thousand eleven star study suggested the star was
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about twenty percent as massive as the Sun and a
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planet twenty nine times heavier than Earth. Either that or
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it was a nearer planet about four times the mass
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of Jupiter, maybe even with the Moon. To learn more
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about the object, the team searched through data from Keck
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Observatory and the Gaya satellite. They found the star was
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located about twenty four thousand light years away, so still
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within the Milky Way. By comparing the location of the
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star in twenty eleven and then ten years later in
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twenty twenty one, the team was able to calculate its speed.
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Having calculated the speed of the star to be around
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five hundred and forty thousand kilometers per second, the team
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is keen to secure more observations in the years ahead.
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If it is around the six hundred thousand kilometers per
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second mark, then it's likely to escape the gravity of
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the Milky Way and enter intergalactic space, millions of years
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in the future. You're listening to The Stronomy Daily with
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Steve Dunkley.
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The US Army is establishing its first ever dedicated space
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career field for enlisted personnel, a shift that military officials
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say will better prepare the forceful modern conflicts that span land, sea, air,
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cyber and space. The new Military Occupational Specialty MOS, designated
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forty D for Space Operations Specialist, will create a permanent
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career track for enlisted soldiers specializing in space operations, a
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senior Army official announced on May SEWI. These specialists will
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become the experts we turn to during the next conflict,
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said Lieutenant General Sean Gainey, commander of the US Army
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Space and Missile Defense Command. The initiative, unveiled last August,
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has now received approval from the Army senior leadership. Previously,
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only Army officers had access to a dedicated space operations
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career path. Enlisted soldiers working in space related positions were
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drawn from other specialties such as engineering, air, defense, signals,
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or intelligence, often returning to those fields after completing a
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space assignment. To date, the preponderance of expertise and its
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experience in space operations resides in the Officer Corps instead
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of the non commissioned Officer Corps. Gainy said this new
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Space Operations MOS will ensure that specialists through command Sergeant's
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Major arrive at Army space formations with experience and expertise
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in space operations. The change comes as military planners increasingly
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recognized space as a contested domain crucial to modern warfare.
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Army space professionals will focus on tactics to disrupt or
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interdict adversaries satellite networks, Army officials said in the initiative
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is designed to be budget neutral. While personnel currently loaned
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to space US will return to their original fields in
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air defense, signal, and intelligence, their positions will be converted
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to the new Space Operations specialty. The move aligns with
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broader Department of Defense efforts to enhance space capabilities in
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the phase of China's advances in anti satellite technologies. Military
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analysts note that as satellite communications, GPS, navigation, and space
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based intelligence becomes increasingly essential to ground operations, the Army's
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investment in specialized space personnel reflects the growing interdependence of
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traditional land warfare with capabilities in newer Donains. Thank you
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for joining us for this Monday edition of Astronomy Daily,
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where we often just a few stories from the now
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famous Astronomy Daily newsletter, which you can receive in your
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email every day, just like Hallie and I do. And
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to do that, just visit our url Astronomy Daily dot
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io and place your email address in the slot provided.
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Just like that, you'll be receiving all the latest news
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about science, space, science and astronomy from around the world
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as it's happening. And not only that, you can interact
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with us by visiting at astro Daily pod on x
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or at our new Facebook page, which is of course
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Astronomy Daily on Facebook. See you there, Astronomy Daily. We
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see and Haley Space Space, Science and Astronomy.
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A spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union in nineteen seventy
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two is due to come crashing back into Earth's atmosphere
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around May tenth, and nobody knows where it will land.
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The Cosmos four eighty two mission launched the spacecraft toward Venus,
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but an upper stage rocket booster malfunction left the spacecraft
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orbiting Earth instead. Netherlands Delft Technical University Space Situational Awareness
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lecturer Marco Langbroke discovered the spacecraft's returned to Earth. As
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this is a lander that was designed to survive passage
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through the Venus atmosphere, it is possible that it will
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survive re entry through the Earth atmosphere intact and impact intact,
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Lambroke wrote in a blog post. He said the risks
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are not particularly high, but not zero, and are similar
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to a meteorite impact. Netherlands satellite tracker Ralph VanderBurg said
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a set of images he obtained shows the Cosmos capsule
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in Earth orbit. We see a clear compact ball. This
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set is already fantastic, I think, Vanderburgh said. He said
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the capsule may be tumbling and in some images it
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appears to have a weak elongated structure on one side,
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which could be a parachute that opened during the rocket
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booster failure. While re entry into Earth's atmosphere is predicted
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as soon as May tenth, the actual re entry could
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be a few days either side of that date. You're
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listening to Astronomy Daily, the podcast with Steve Dugley.
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NASA's Juno's spacecraft has uncovered striking new details about Jupiter
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and its volcanic moon Io. By looking beneath Jupiter's dense
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cloud cover and deep into Io's surface, scientists have developed
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a more detailed model of the fast moving jet stream
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that surrounds Jupiter's north pole. At the same time, they've
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achieved a first mapping the subsurface temperature of Io, revealing
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important clues about its internal structure and ongoing volcanic activity.
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Everything about Jupiter is extreme. The planet is home to
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gigantic polar cyclones bigger than Australia, fierce jet streams, the
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most volcanic body in our solar system, the most powerful aurora,
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and the harshest radiation belts, said Scott Bolton, principal investigator
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of JUNO at Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. As
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Juno's orbit takes us to new regions of Jupiter's complex system,
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we're getting a closer look at the immensity of energy
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this gas giant wields, he said. Although Juno's microwave radiometer
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was designed to study Jupiter's deep atmosphere, the mission team
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also directed it at Io, teaming it with data from
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the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper for a more complete view
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of the Moon's fiery interior. The junoscience team loves to
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combine very different data sets from very different instruments to
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see what we can learn, said Shannon Brown, a junoscientist
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at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in southern California. She added,
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when we incorporated the microwave radiometer data with the Jovian
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Infrared Auroral Mappers infrared imagery, we were surprise by what
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we saw, evidence of still warm magma that hasn't yet
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solidified below Io's cooled crust. At every latitude and longitude
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there were cooling lava flows. The data suggests that about
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ten percent of the Moon's surface has these remnants of
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slowly cooling lava just below the surface. The result may
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help provide insight into how the Moon renews its surface
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so quickly, as well as how heat moves from its
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deep interior to the surface. Io's volcanoes, lava fields, and
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subterranean lava flows act like a car radiator set round,
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efficiently moving heat from the interior to the surface, cooling
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itself down in the vacuum of space. Looking at the
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Jovian Infrared Auroral MAPPA data alone, the team also determined
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that the most energetic eruption in Io's history, first identified
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by the infrared imager during juno's December twenty five, seven
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twenty four fly by, was still spewing lava and ash
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as recently as March. TiO Juno emission scientists believe it
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still remains active and it expected more observations on May
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six when the solar powered spacecraft flew by the Moon
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at a distance of fifty five thy three hundred miles
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or eighty nine thousand kilometers on February eighteen, twenty twenty three,
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and it began radio occultation experiments to explore the gas
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giant's atmospheric temperature structure at that time. With this technique,
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the radio signal is transmitted from Earth to Juno and back,
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passing through Jupiter's atmosphere on both legs of the journey.
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As the planet's atmospheric layers bend the radio waves, scientists
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can precisely measure the effects of this refraction to derive
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detailed information about the temperature and density of the atmosphere.
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So far, JUNO has completed twenty six radio altation soundings.
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Among the most compelling discoveries, the first ever temperature measurement
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of Jupiter's north polar stratospheric cap reveals the region is
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about eleven degrees celsius cooler than its surroundings and is
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encircled by winds exceeding one hundred miles per hour or
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one hundred and sixty one kilometers per hour. The team's
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recent findings also focused on cyclones that haunt Jupiter's north.
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Years of data from the JunoCam Visible Light Imager and
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the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper have allowed JUNO scientists to
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observe the long term movement of Jupiter's massive northern polar
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cyclone and the eight cyclones that encircle it. Unlike hurricanes
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on Earth, which typically occur in isolation and at lower latitudes,
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Jupiter's hurricanes are confined to the polar region. By tracking
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the cyclone's movements across multiple orbits, the scientists observed that
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each storm gradually drill toward the pole due to a
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