Jan. 31, 2025

Spacewalk Records, Hidden Black Holes, and Martian Climate Secrets: S04E27

Spacewalk Records, Hidden Black Holes, and Martian Climate Secrets: S04E27

Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S04E27
In this episode of Astronomy Daily, host Anna uncovers an array of thrilling developments in space exploration and astronomical discoveries. From record-breaking achievements aboard the International Space Station...

Season 4
Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S04E27
In this episode of Astronomy Daily, host Anna uncovers an array of thrilling developments in space exploration and astronomical discoveries. From record-breaking achievements aboard the International Space Station to groundbreaking revelations about supermassive black holes, this episode is packed with insights that will ignite your curiosity about the cosmos.
Highlights:
- Record-Breaking Spacewalk: Join us as we celebrate astronaut Suni Williams, who has set a new record for total spacewalking time during a crucial maintenance mission aboard the ISS. Discover the challenges she and Butch Wilmore faced while removing faulty communications hardware and conducting experiments that could impact future space exploration.
- Boeing's Starliner Investigation: Get the latest updates on the ongoing investigation into Boeing's Starliner test flight issues. Learn how engineers are addressing propulsion system anomalies and what this means for the future of crewed space missions.
- Hidden Supermassive Black Holes: Dive into the exciting discovery of hundreds of previously hidden supermassive black holes lurking in the universe. Find out how innovative infrared detection methods are reshaping our understanding of these cosmic giants and their role in galaxy formation.
- Mars's Ancient Climate: Explore new research revealing Mars's dramatic climate swings billions of years ago and how these fluctuations may have allowed the planet to sustain liquid water. This groundbreaking study raises intriguing questions about the potential for ancient life on Mars.
- Stunning Earth Views: Experience breathtaking new perspectives of our planet, including images from the Japanese lunar lander ispace's Resilience and the new ultra HD cameras aboard the ISS providing continuous 4K views of Earth. Check it out: https://www.youtube.com/live/fO9e9jnhYK8?si=W92rkwlmOhCrmfma
For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, Tumblr, and TikTok. Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.
Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.
00:00 - Astronomy Daily brings you the latest in space and astronomy news
00:50 - Suni Williams breaks spacewalking record aboard the ISS
03:20 - Updates on Boeing's Starliner investigation
06:15 - Discovery of hidden supermassive black holes
09:30 - Mars's ancient climate and liquid water potential
12:20 - Stunning new views of Earth from space
15:00 - Conclusion and upcoming content
✍️ Episode References
NASA
[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov)
Boeing Starliner
[Boeing Starliner](https://www.boeing.com/space/starliner)
Mars Research
[Mars Research](https://mars.nasa.gov)
ispace
[ispace](https://ispace-inc.com)
Earth From Space
https://www.youtube.com/live/fO9e9jnhYK8?si=W92rkwlmOhCrmfma
Astronomy Daily
[Astronomy Daily](https://www.astronomydaily.io)

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-the-podcast--5648921/support.
WEBVTT

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Welcome to Astronomy Daily. I'm your host, Anna, and today

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we've got a lot of news to cover and some

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fascinating developments in space exploration and astronomical discoveries. We'll start

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with an incredible milestone aboard the International Space Station where

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astronaut Sunny Williams has just broken the record for total

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space walking time during a crucial maintenance mission with fellow

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astronaut which Wilmore. It seems to be their week, doesn't it.

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Then we'll dive into the latest updates on Boeing's Starliner investigation,

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where engineers are making significant progress in understanding what went

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wrong during last year's test flight. Get ready for some

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mind bending numbers as we explore a groundbreaking discovery of

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hundreds of hidden supermassive black holes lurking in the Cosmos

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and why scientists believe there could be billions more out there.

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We'll also examine intriguing new research about Mars's ancient climate

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that's helping us understand how the red planet may have

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sustained liquid water billions of years ago. And finally, we'll

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look at some spectacular new view use of our planet,

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including a unique perspective from a Japanese moonlander, and an

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exciting new way to watch Earth from space in stunning

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four K resolution. So let's get into it. A remarkable

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spacewalk took place yesterday aboard the International Space Station, where

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NASA astronauts Sunny Williams and Butch Wilmore ventured outside for

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a critical maintenance mission lasting over five hours. During this spacewalk,

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Williams achieved something truly extraordinary. She surpassed former astronaut Peggy

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Whitson's record for total spacewalking time, bringing her cumulative time

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in the vacuum of space to an impressive sixty two

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hours and six minutes. The primary objective of their mission

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was to remove faulty radio communications hardware, specifically an S

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band antenna system that had previously resisted removal attempts during

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two earlier spacewalks. Using a specially designed wrench tool, Williams

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and Wilmore successfully extracted the problematic equipment, which will be

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returned to Earth for refurbishment. But the mission didn't stop there.

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After completing the hardware removal, Wilmore conducted and fascinating experiment

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collecting samples from various locations on the station's exterior. This

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experiment aims to determine whether the ISS releases microorganisms into space,

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a crucial investigation for future space exploration. While we thoroughly

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sterilize all spacecraft and space suits before launch, humans carry

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their own microorganisms, which are constantly regenerating. Understanding which microorganisms

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can survive in the harsh environment of space has significant

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implications for our upcoming Artemis missions to the Moon and

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eventual human missions to Mars. Scientists are particularly interested in

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learning whether any of these microscopic stowaways could become what

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we call extremophiles, organisms capable of surviving in the most

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challenging conditions similar to those found in deep sea hydrothermal

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vents here on Earth. This space walk marks Williams's ninth

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venture outside the station and Wilmore's fifth, but only the

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first time together, contributing to the ongoing legacy of the

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ISS's maintenance and scientific advancement. Their experience and expertise were

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evident throughout the mission as they methodically worked through their

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tasks while floating two hundred and fifty miles above our planet.

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They're just getting on with the job. While controversy over

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their return seems to be swirling around them down here

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on Earth, and an update concerning the two of them

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in a significant update from NASA's Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel.

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Boeing and NASA are making substantial progress in their investigation

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of the issues that arose during last year's Starliner test flight.

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The mission, which carried astronauts which Wilmore and Sunny Williams

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to the International Space Station, encountered several challenges that ultimately

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led to the spacecraft returning to Earth without its crew.

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The investigation teams have begun closing out various flight observations

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and addressing in flight anomalies. However, one critical issue remains

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under intense scrutiny, the spacecraft's propulsion system multiple thrusters unexpectedly

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shut down during the approach to the station, and the

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system experience concerning helium leaks. These propulsion system anomalies are

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still being actively investigated through ongoing test campaigns. Teams are

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currently working on three fronts, determining the root cause of

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the thruster problems, developing recommendations for modifications to future missions,

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and examining both technical and organizational factors that may have

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contributed to these issues. The Safety Panel has expressed confidence

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that NASA and Boeing are focusing their attention on the

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right core issues and following an appropriate path towards safely

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flying Starliner again. Looking ahead to future flights, NASA is

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keeping all options on the table for achieving system certification.

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While specific timing hasn't been announced, the agency is exploring

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potential flight opportunities for Starliner in twenty twenty five. This

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careful approach reflects now USA's commitment to ensuring all safety

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concerns are fully addressed before the next mission. The financial

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impact of these delays continues to affect Boeing, with the

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company anticipating another significant charge against earnings in the fourth

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quarter of twenty twenty four. Meanwhile, leadership changes are occurring

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within the program, including the planned retirement of Mark Knappy,

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who served as Starliner's program manager during the test flight.

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This thorough investigation demonstrates the space industry's unwavering commitment to

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safety and the methodical approach required when developing human space

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flight systems. While progress may seem slow to outside observers,

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this meticulous attention to detail is essential for ensuring the

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safety of future astronaut crews. It seems we find out

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something new about black holes almost every day, and today

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is no exception. In an exciting astronomical breakthrough, scientists have

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discovered hundreds of previously hidden super massive black holes lurking

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in the depths of our universe. These cosmic giants, each

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containing at least one hundred thousand times the mass of

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our Sun, were found by using innovative infrared detection methods

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to peer through dense clouds of cosmic dust and gas

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that had kept them hidden from view. What makes this

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discovery particularly fascinating is that it suggests we've been significantly

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underestimating the number of supermassive black holes in our universe.

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While previous estimates suggested that about fifteen percent of these

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massive objects were hidden from view, new research indicates that

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number could be closer to thirty five percent, or possibly

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even fifty percent. This means there could be billions, or

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perhaps even trillions of these cosmic behemoths scattered throughout the universe.

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To make these discoveries, astronomers combined data from NASA's Infrared

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Astronomical Satellite and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array. Even though

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the infrared satellite operated for just ten months back in

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nineteen eighty three. Its data proved invaluable when combined with

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modern observations, allowing researchers to detect the infrared signatures of

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these hidden giants. These findings aren't just about adding numbers

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to our cosmic sensus. They're reshaping our understanding of how

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galaxies form and evolve. Supermassive black holes appear to play

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a crucial role in controlling galaxy formation, acting like cosmic

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architects that help determine the size and structure of their

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host galaxies. In fact, our own Milky Way would look

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quite different without its central black hole. We'd likely see

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many more stars in our night sky if it weren't

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for its influence. The discovery also demonstrates how far our

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detection capabilities have come. By using multiple wavelengths of light

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and combining historical data with new observations, astronomers are increasingly

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able to pierce through the cosmic veils that have hidden

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these massive objects from view. This multi wavelength approach is

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opening new windows into the universe, allowing us to see

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what was previously invisible and helping us better understand the

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cosmic forces that shape our universe. Time now for a

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Mars update. In groundbreaking new research from Harvard's School of

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Engineering and Applied Sciences, scientists have uncovered fascinating details about

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Mars's ancient climate patterns. The red planet, which we know

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was once much wetter and more earth like, apparently experienced

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dramatic swings between hot and cold periods during its early history.

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These temperature fluctuations occurred between four and three billion years ago,

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with each cycle lasting at least one hundred thousand years

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within a broader forty million year period. What's particularly intriguing

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is how Mars managed to maintain its warmth despite being

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further from the Sun, which was also fainter in those

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early days. The key to this climate puzzle appears to

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be hydrogen in the Martian atmosphere. When hydrogen combined with

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carbon atoms, it created carbon dioxide that trapped heat through

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the greenhouse effect, similar to what we experience on Earth today.

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But here's the fascinating part. The process that kept Mars

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warm had an ironic twist. As the planet lost water

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from its atmosphere to the ground, it actually replenished the

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atmospheric hydrogen, helping to sustain these warm periods. The chemical

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changes during these periods were equally complex. Carbon dioxide in

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the atmosphere would react with sunlight to produce carbon monoxide.

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During warm spells, this carbon monoxide would convert back to

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carbon dioxide in a continuous cycle. However, if Mars stayed

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cold for too long, this recycling process would stall, leading

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to a build up of carbon monoxide and oxygen. While

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these findings help explain how Mars maintain liquid water on

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its surface, they also raise interesting questions about the possibility

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of ancient Martian life. The temperature swings and changing oxygen

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levels might have created challenging conditions for any potential life forms.

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When temperatures dropped and oxygen levels rose, any existing organisms

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would have faced significant survival challenges. Looking ahead, scientists plan

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to test these theories by examining actual Martian rocks and

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soil that NASA hopes to bring back to Earth through

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the Mars Sample Return Mission. This could help us finally

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unlock the secrets of Mars's lost world and better understand

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the complex history of our neighboring planet. Space photography has

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given us some remarkable new perspectives this week, with two

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exciting developments capturing our attention Japanese space company I Space's

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Resilience Lunar lander has provided us with a striking view

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of Earth from its current orbital position, offering a unique

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glimpse of our planet's most remote location. The image, taken

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from approximately six thousand miles above Earth, captured Point Nemo,

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the most isolated spot on our planet, situated nearly one thousand,

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six hundred and seventy miles from the nearest land. The

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photo serves as a poignant reminder of the vast emptiness

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of space as Resilience continues its four month journey toward

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its place landing site in the Moon's Mare Frigoris, or

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Sea of Cold. In other imaging news, we're now able

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to experience the overview effect that profound shift in perspective

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astronauts report when seeing Earth from space. Thanks to a

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new set of ultra HD cameras installed on the International

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Space Station, the Space TV I camera suite, operated by

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space streaming company SEN, is now providing continuous four K

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views of our planet and the surrounding space environment. This

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groundbreaking system features three distinct cameras offering different perspectives, one

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capturing Earth's curved horizon, another providing detailed views of our

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planet's surface, covering areas of about one hundred fifty by

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one hundred ten miles, and a third focused on the

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station's forward docking port. The cameras have already proven their worth,

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capturing impressive footage of various phenomena, including Hurricane Milton last October.

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The live stream is freely available to the public, marking

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a significant step forward in making space more accessible to everyone.

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While there are occasional interruptions due to communication dead spots,

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this unprecedented access to real time views from space represents

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a remarkable achievement in bringing the Space station experience to

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viewers worldwide. These developments demonstrate how space imaging technology continues

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to advance, providing us with ever more detailed and immediate

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ways to observe both our home planet and humanity's ongoing

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ventures into space. If you'd like to check it out

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for yourself, I'll include a link in the show notes,

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but be warned you could find yourself mesmerized and wind

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up spending a lot of time just looking at it.

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I know I did. And with that we come to

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the end of another fascinating episode of Astronomy Daily from

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Sunny William's record breaking spacewalk, to the discovery of hundreds

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of hidden black holes, from Mars's ancient climate swings to

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stunning new views of Earth from space. It's been quite

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a journey through today's space news. I'm Anna, and I

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want to thank you for joining me today. If you're

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hungry for more space and astronomy content, visit us at

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Astronomy Daily dot io, where you can sign up for

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our free daily newsletter and catch up on all the

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latest news updates. You'll also find our complete episode archive there,

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perfect for diving deeper into the Cosmos. Stay connected with

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us across social media by searching for astro Daily Pod

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major platforms including Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and YouTube. Until next time,

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keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of

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our universe. Stars Star