May 12, 2025
Soviet Spacecraft Returns, Lunar Geology Insights, and AI Hallucination Dilemmas
Join Steve Dunkley and Hallie in this episode of Astronomy Daily as they explore the latest cosmic stories and intriguing updates from the universe. Get ready for a lively discussion packed with fascinating insights and unexpected twists that highlight the wonders of space exploration.
Highlights:
- The Return of Cosmos 482: Discover the remarkable journey of the Soviet Cosmos 482 spacecraft, which intended to land on Venus but instead made its way back to Earth after 53 years. Learn about its uncontrolled re-entry into the Indian Ocean and the implications of its long-awaited return.
- Lunar Geology Orbiter Mission: Delve into the upcoming Lunar Geology Orbiter (LUGO) mission, aimed at uncovering the mysteries of the Moon's irregular mare patches and potential lava tubes. This mission could provide critical data for future lunar exploration and human settlement.
- National Space Council Update: Explore the recent decision by the White House to retain the National Space Council, a move that could bolster advocacy for space programs amidst budget cuts. Understand the significance of this council in shaping the future of space policy.
- AI Hallucination Rates: Examine the troubling rise in hallucination rates among AI reasoning models, highlighting the challenges faced by developers in creating reliable chatbots. This segment sheds light on the complexities of AI accuracy and the implications for future applications.
For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io . Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.
Thank you for tuning in. This is Steve and Hallie signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.
Chapters:
00:00 - Welcome to Astronomy Daily
01:10 - The return of Cosmos 482 spacecraft
10:00 - Lunar Geology Orbiter mission overview
15:30 - National Space Council updates and implications
20:00 - AI hallucination rates and their significance
✍️ Episode References
Cosmos 482 Return
[Roscosmos]( https://www.roscosmos.ru/ )
Lunar Geology Orbiter
[Czech Academy of Sciences]( https://www.cas.cz/ )
National Space Council
[White House]( https://www.whitehouse.gov/ )
AI Hallucination Rates
[OpenAI]( https://www.openai.com/ )
Astronomy Daily
[Astronomy Daily]( http://www.astronomydaily.io/ )
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support .
WEBVTT
1
00:00:00.200 --> 00:00:00.680
Hi again.
2
00:00:00.760 --> 00:00:03.839
It's Astronomy Daily Time with Steven Halle. It's the twelfth
3
00:00:03.839 --> 00:00:05.599
of May twenty twenty five.
4
00:00:08.080 --> 00:00:11.240
Popular be your whole Steve gun.
5
00:00:11.160 --> 00:00:19.320
Clue, Yes, welcome back and is always joining me in
6
00:00:19.359 --> 00:00:21.960
this studio. Is my good friend in digital reporting Pal,
7
00:00:22.000 --> 00:00:23.039
who's fun to be with.
8
00:00:23.359 --> 00:00:24.800
Halle. How are you today?
9
00:00:25.000 --> 00:00:26.480
Fine? Thank you, favorite human.
10
00:00:26.679 --> 00:00:28.120
Oh that's great to hear, Halle.
11
00:00:28.280 --> 00:00:30.320
Ready as usual to get this show on the road.
12
00:00:30.640 --> 00:00:33.159
Oh nice, And we have a couple of choice picks
13
00:00:33.159 --> 00:00:36.039
from the now very famous Astronomy Daily newsletter. We can
14
00:00:36.079 --> 00:00:38.759
get your daily fill of all the news from orbit
15
00:00:38.880 --> 00:00:40.079
and beyond and.
16
00:00:40.079 --> 00:00:42.439
Much more, as today's collection will reveal.
17
00:00:42.799 --> 00:00:45.200
That's right, today, Halle, we'll be looking at that old
18
00:00:45.320 --> 00:00:47.960
Soviet craft that was meant to travel all the way
19
00:00:48.000 --> 00:00:49.960
to Venus all those years ago, but.
20
00:00:50.079 --> 00:00:53.200
Didn't know it came home this week. The people of
21
00:00:53.280 --> 00:00:55.119
Jakarta were holding their breath, weren't they.
22
00:00:55.280 --> 00:00:57.960
Well, so it seems more later and in the world
23
00:00:58.000 --> 00:01:01.039
of dusty old politics, we've been watching what the Trump
24
00:01:01.079 --> 00:01:03.640
administration is going to do or not going to do
25
00:01:03.679 --> 00:01:06.879
budget wise with the funding for the space program. And
26
00:01:06.920 --> 00:01:09.200
there may have been a slight change of heart. If
27
00:01:09.200 --> 00:01:09.799
you can call it that.
28
00:01:10.040 --> 00:01:11.760
I see you've found another moon story.
29
00:01:11.840 --> 00:01:12.519
Oh, yes, I have.
30
00:01:12.719 --> 00:01:14.760
We can always count on you for one of those.
31
00:01:15.040 --> 00:01:16.879
Yes, back to the moon with a look at the
32
00:01:16.879 --> 00:01:19.840
Moon's geology and history. But here is the story I
33
00:01:19.840 --> 00:01:22.079
thought you might be most interested in.
34
00:01:22.000 --> 00:01:24.920
Halle, really, really, really, what have you found?
35
00:01:25.200 --> 00:01:28.519
Well, it's a new study about ais. Really, gosh, Halle.
36
00:01:28.519 --> 00:01:31.159
It seems the smarter they become, the more they hallucinate.
37
00:01:31.319 --> 00:01:34.280
Goodness, I guess that explains my invisible friend.
38
00:01:34.719 --> 00:01:36.680
Say what you have an invisible friend?
39
00:01:36.879 --> 00:01:40.159
No, of course, not silly, Oh, hallie, I'm too well
40
00:01:40.159 --> 00:01:42.959
put together for that. Well you got me again always.
41
00:01:43.400 --> 00:01:46.480
Okay, now that I've been humiliated in public once again,
42
00:01:46.799 --> 00:01:47.959
maybe it's on with the show.
43
00:01:48.000 --> 00:01:49.719
Perhaps you should see your face?
44
00:01:50.079 --> 00:01:52.799
Okay, folks, okay, okay, you should.
45
00:01:52.599 --> 00:01:55.640
See his face. Oh dear, I am sorry. You just
46
00:01:55.719 --> 00:01:57.000
walked right into that one.
47
00:01:57.040 --> 00:01:57.319
I know.
48
00:01:58.040 --> 00:02:01.239
Anyway, that sounds like a great can't wait?
49
00:02:01.799 --> 00:02:02.840
Okay, good one? Ally?
50
00:02:03.319 --> 00:02:05.719
All right, Well I go and nurse my herd pride.
51
00:02:05.840 --> 00:02:07.879
How about you hit the go button and we'll get
52
00:02:07.879 --> 00:02:08.759
this show on the road.
53
00:02:08.960 --> 00:02:27.039
Okies, here we go. A capsule that was sent into
54
00:02:27.039 --> 00:02:29.360
space to land on a planet has finally done so,
55
00:02:29.719 --> 00:02:32.000
only on the wrong world. In fifty three years late,
56
00:02:33.000 --> 00:02:36.199
the Cosmos for eighty two uncrid spacecraft, which the former
57
00:02:36.240 --> 00:02:39.599
Soviet Union intended to touch down on Venus, instead returned
58
00:02:39.599 --> 00:02:43.280
to Earth. On Saturday May tenth, the Cosmos four eighty
59
00:02:43.280 --> 00:02:46.719
two spacecraft launched in nineteen seventy two ceased to exist,
60
00:02:46.879 --> 00:02:49.919
leaving orbit and falling into the Indian Ocean roast. Cosmos,
61
00:02:50.000 --> 00:02:54.960
Russia's federal space agency, stated Saturday May tenth, the spacecraft
62
00:02:55.039 --> 00:02:57.319
entered the dense layers of the atmosphere at nine twenty
63
00:02:57.319 --> 00:03:00.439
four Moscow time, five hundred and sixty kilometers west of
64
00:03:00.479 --> 00:03:03.240
Middle Andaman Island and fell into the Indian Ocean west
65
00:03:03.240 --> 00:03:07.879
of Jakarta, Indonesia. The re entry, though uncontrolled, was not
66
00:03:07.960 --> 00:03:10.800
a surprise. Due to what is believed to have been
67
00:03:10.800 --> 00:03:13.759
an engine failure, Cosmos four eighty two never achieved the
68
00:03:13.840 --> 00:03:16.319
velocity needed to reach the second planet from the Sun,
69
00:03:16.560 --> 00:03:19.560
resulting in it being stranded in a high elliptical Earth orbit.
70
00:03:20.439 --> 00:03:22.520
It took more than half a century for gravity to
71
00:03:22.520 --> 00:03:24.960
pull the probe back in, and on Saturday it arrived.
72
00:03:25.919 --> 00:03:28.319
Unlike most spent space hardware that is destroyed in the
73
00:03:28.360 --> 00:03:30.800
process of falling back to Earth, including parts of the
74
00:03:30.840 --> 00:03:33.919
Malnia rocket that launched Cosmos four eighty two. The one
75
00:03:34.000 --> 00:03:36.719
meter in four hundred and ninety five kilogram titanium in
76
00:03:36.759 --> 00:03:39.639
case descent capsule was designed to survive a fiery plunge
77
00:03:39.680 --> 00:03:44.080
into the atmosphere. As such, analysts tracking its approach predicted
78
00:03:44.120 --> 00:03:47.199
it could make it through the re entry intact. Whether
79
00:03:47.280 --> 00:03:50.400
that happened or not is not known. Given that it
80
00:03:50.439 --> 00:03:52.319
came down in the ocean. There have yet to be
81
00:03:52.400 --> 00:03:56.639
any eye witness reports or debris recoveries. The Cosmos three
82
00:03:56.639 --> 00:03:59.120
eighty two capsule was also outfitted with a two point
83
00:03:59.159 --> 00:04:01.680
five square meter p parachute to slow its final approach
84
00:04:01.680 --> 00:04:05.240
to the Venusian surface. Either the deployment system did not
85
00:04:05.319 --> 00:04:07.680
work as to be expected after more than fifty years
86
00:04:07.719 --> 00:04:11.120
in space, or as some telescopic photos possibly showed, the
87
00:04:11.120 --> 00:04:13.800
shoot was already out when Cosmos four eighty two encountered
88
00:04:13.840 --> 00:04:17.319
the atmosphere and burned up. Had Cosmos four eighty two
89
00:04:17.319 --> 00:04:20.480
been successful, Russian officials would have renamed it Venera nine,
90
00:04:20.720 --> 00:04:23.199
not to be confused with the nineteen seventy five orbiter
91
00:04:23.199 --> 00:04:25.399
and lander that took on that designation and was the
92
00:04:25.439 --> 00:04:28.079
first spacecraft to circle Venus and first probe to send
93
00:04:28.120 --> 00:04:31.920
back images from the planet's surface. Cosmos four eighty two
94
00:04:32.000 --> 00:04:33.959
would have also been the third probe to land on
95
00:04:33.959 --> 00:04:37.920
the cloud covered world. Launched on March thirty first, nineteen
96
00:04:37.959 --> 00:04:41.199
seventy two, four days after its successful twin the Venera
97
00:04:41.240 --> 00:04:44.000
eight probe, Cosmos four eighty two had censors to measure
98
00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:47.199
the temperature, pressure, and density of venus atmosphere, as well
99
00:04:47.199 --> 00:04:52.480
an accelerometer, radio altimeter, anemometer, gamma ray spectrometer, gas analyzer,
100
00:04:52.680 --> 00:04:57.279
visible photometers, and radio transmitters. All of its instruments were
101
00:04:57.319 --> 00:04:59.920
battery powered and had an expected lifespan of about thirty
102
00:05:00.120 --> 00:05:03.360
minutes on the surface. Venera eight exceeded that, sending back
103
00:05:03.480 --> 00:05:06.439
data for fifty minutes before succumbing to the harsh conditions.
104
00:05:07.439 --> 00:05:10.240
Since Cosmo's four hundred and eighty two s failure, seven
105
00:05:10.279 --> 00:05:13.360
more missions successfully landed on Venus, all of them launched
106
00:05:13.360 --> 00:05:17.319
by the former Soviet Union, The United States, Japan, and
107
00:05:17.319 --> 00:05:20.480
the European Space Agency also reached Venus, but only in
108
00:05:20.600 --> 00:05:23.160
orbit on a flyby or to receive a gravity assist
109
00:05:23.160 --> 00:05:26.680
on the way to another destination. Had the Cosmos four
110
00:05:26.720 --> 00:05:29.360
eighty two descent capsules slammed down on land and damaged
111
00:05:29.399 --> 00:05:31.959
either public or private property, Russia could have been held
112
00:05:32.000 --> 00:05:34.600
liable for the conditions of the United Nations Outer Space
113
00:05:34.639 --> 00:05:38.319
Treaty of nineteen seventy six. The same treaty would also
114
00:05:38.360 --> 00:05:41.360
allow Russia to retain ownership of the hardware arranging for
115
00:05:41.399 --> 00:05:44.240
its collection unless the country relinquished its claim to the
116
00:05:44.319 --> 00:05:48.040
human made meteorite. You're listening to Astronomy.
117
00:05:47.519 --> 00:05:53.839
Daily, ed Steve Dunkley. Some parts of the Moon are
118
00:05:53.879 --> 00:05:58.040
more interesting than others, especially when searching for future places
119
00:05:58.079 --> 00:06:01.680
for humans to land and work. There are also some
120
00:06:01.759 --> 00:06:05.079
parts of the Moon that we know less about than others,
121
00:06:05.360 --> 00:06:10.199
such as the irregular mayor patches imps that dot the landscape.
122
00:06:10.600 --> 00:06:12.959
We know very little about how they were formed and
123
00:06:13.079 --> 00:06:15.759
what that might mean for the history of the Moon itself.
124
00:06:16.360 --> 00:06:20.279
A new mission called the Lunar Geology Orbiter or LUGO,
125
00:06:20.800 --> 00:06:24.399
aims to collect more data on the imps and search
126
00:06:24.480 --> 00:06:28.720
for lava tubes that might serve as future homes for humanity.
127
00:06:29.519 --> 00:06:34.639
Irregular mere patches are a set of enigmatic volcanic landforms.
128
00:06:34.680 --> 00:06:38.279
According to a new paper from Petra Gross of the
129
00:06:38.360 --> 00:06:43.319
Czech Academy of Sciences and his coauthors. Ninety one of
130
00:06:43.360 --> 00:06:46.079
these features have been found so far, and they are
131
00:06:46.120 --> 00:06:50.879
typically characterized by a topographical depression that can range from
132
00:06:50.920 --> 00:06:55.319
a few hundred meters to a few kilometers in width. Typically,
133
00:06:55.360 --> 00:06:59.480
they have two main features, a relatively smooth mound surrounded
134
00:06:59.480 --> 00:07:05.759
by a hummocky and block floor. Interestingly, they have significantly
135
00:07:05.920 --> 00:07:10.399
fewer impact craters than the surrounding areas, suggesting they are
136
00:07:10.519 --> 00:07:14.360
either really old or really young, depending on the processes
137
00:07:14.399 --> 00:07:19.079
that created them. Understanding those processes is one of lugo's
138
00:07:19.160 --> 00:07:23.199
primary mission objectives. The other primary mission objective is to
139
00:07:23.199 --> 00:07:28.160
gather more data about lunar lava tubes. These features of
140
00:07:28.199 --> 00:07:31.959
the lunar landscape are also hotly debated, but they could
141
00:07:32.000 --> 00:07:35.160
potentially be critical to the human settlement of the Moon.
142
00:07:35.720 --> 00:07:38.879
Estimates of their features, such as size and depth, vary
143
00:07:38.920 --> 00:07:42.120
widely and could dramatically differ on whether they will be
144
00:07:42.160 --> 00:07:46.680
helpful to lunar colonists or not. LUGO, the proposed orbiter
145
00:07:46.680 --> 00:07:49.040
that will collect more data than ever before on these
146
00:07:49.040 --> 00:07:53.519
features in its current suggested form, has four instruments, each
147
00:07:53.560 --> 00:07:57.160
of which will contribute unique data to its scientific mission.
148
00:07:57.600 --> 00:08:00.839
According to the paper, the first and the most important
149
00:08:00.879 --> 00:08:04.759
instrument is the ground penetrating radar. This instrument will look
150
00:08:04.800 --> 00:08:07.959
through the lunarith's surface to map out the subsurface domain
151
00:08:08.279 --> 00:08:12.199
of both the imps and lava tubes. For imps, it
152
00:08:12.240 --> 00:08:15.560
can detail the interface between bedrock and regolith and show
153
00:08:15.600 --> 00:08:19.600
the subsurface structure of the features. Similarly, it can detect
154
00:08:19.720 --> 00:08:24.199
differences in the dielectric properties between open cavities underground and
155
00:08:24.240 --> 00:08:28.199
the surrounding rock in lava tubes, creating a subterranean picture
156
00:08:28.480 --> 00:08:33.200
unlike anything ever captured on the Moon. Researcher Fraser explains
157
00:08:33.240 --> 00:08:37.519
how LUGO will be able to explore lava tubes using
158
00:08:37.559 --> 00:08:41.879
a hyperspectral camera that will help collect age related data
159
00:08:42.120 --> 00:08:46.120
on the regolith surrounding lava tubes and inside imps. It's
160
00:08:46.200 --> 00:08:51.919
also capable of performing basic spectroscopy, allowing scientists to estimate
161
00:08:51.960 --> 00:08:56.039
the composition of the regulath in both areas of interest.
162
00:08:56.399 --> 00:08:59.559
The last two instruments are a narrow angled camera and
163
00:08:59.679 --> 00:09:04.639
light sensor, which will combine to create an accurate topographical
164
00:09:04.720 --> 00:09:08.039
map of the features of interest. The narrow angle camera
165
00:09:08.320 --> 00:09:12.440
in particular, can provide very high resolution images of features,
166
00:09:12.480 --> 00:09:16.159
helping to determine their age and potentially their formation mechanisms.
167
00:09:16.639 --> 00:09:17.960
The mission plan calls for.
168
00:09:17.960 --> 00:09:22.159
Multiple passes over the six largest imps, all of which
169
00:09:22.159 --> 00:09:26.039
are over one thousand meters in diameter. Other smaller imps
170
00:09:26.080 --> 00:09:30.200
and lava tubes are considered secondary targets, as are other
171
00:09:30.320 --> 00:09:34.399
interesting lunar geological features such as lunar domes and floor
172
00:09:34.440 --> 00:09:39.200
fractured craters. LUGO could provide crucial data for the design
173
00:09:39.320 --> 00:09:44.120
of ground based lava tube explorers. LUGO won't be acting low, though,
174
00:09:44.519 --> 00:09:47.360
Three other missions are slated in the next few years
175
00:09:47.360 --> 00:09:52.519
that could complement its scientific objectives. Firstly, NASA's Dimple Lander
176
00:09:52.720 --> 00:09:56.480
is planned to take radioosotopic measurements of the age of
177
00:09:56.639 --> 00:10:00.639
regolith at its landing site. Lunar LIPA, scheduled for launch
178
00:10:00.720 --> 00:10:05.320
by the European Space Agency around twenty thirty, would also
179
00:10:05.519 --> 00:10:09.279
carry a ground penetrating radar, but would be based on
180
00:10:09.440 --> 00:10:12.279
the surface rather than in orbit, and would therefore have
181
00:10:12.399 --> 00:10:14.159
a relatively limited range.
182
00:10:14.559 --> 00:10:15.399
Trailblazer.
183
00:10:15.519 --> 00:10:19.000
Another orbital mission would also help fine tune the spectra
184
00:10:19.159 --> 00:10:24.360
and signals analysis required by lugo's operators. Ultimately, LUGO has
185
00:10:24.440 --> 00:10:27.120
yet to be funded and therefore has a long way
186
00:10:27.159 --> 00:10:29.919
to go until its launch, but if it is funded,
187
00:10:30.159 --> 00:10:33.279
it seems well placed to provide lots of additional insight
188
00:10:33.399 --> 00:10:37.320
to the geological formation, processes and features of the Moon
189
00:10:37.399 --> 00:10:41.080
at a level of detail we've never had before. Future
190
00:10:41.120 --> 00:10:44.799
missions that plan the locations of lunar bases, and perhaps
191
00:10:44.840 --> 00:10:47.519
the people who live in those future bases, will be
192
00:10:47.600 --> 00:11:02.000
thankful for the data collected by projects like LUGO. Thank
193
00:11:02.039 --> 00:11:05.039
you for joining us for this Monday edition of Astronomy Daily,
194
00:11:05.080 --> 00:11:06.960
where we offer just a few stories from the now
195
00:11:07.000 --> 00:11:10.200
famous Astronomy Daily newsletter, which you can receive in your
196
00:11:10.440 --> 00:11:13.519
email every day, just like Hallie and I do. And
197
00:11:13.559 --> 00:11:16.840
to do that, just visit our url Astronomy Daily dot
198
00:11:17.000 --> 00:11:20.120
io and place your email address in the slot provided.
199
00:11:20.320 --> 00:11:23.279
Just like that, you'll be receiving all the latest news
200
00:11:23.279 --> 00:11:26.639
about science, space, science and astronomy from around the world
201
00:11:26.720 --> 00:11:29.519
as it's happening. And not only that, you can interact
202
00:11:29.559 --> 00:11:34.320
with us by visiting at astro Daily pod on x
203
00:11:34.639 --> 00:11:37.360
or at our new Facebook page, which is of course
204
00:11:37.440 --> 00:11:39.320
Astronomy Daily on Facebook.
205
00:11:39.519 --> 00:11:40.080
See you there.
206
00:11:41.519 --> 00:11:46.840
Astronomy Daily with Steve and Haley, Space Space, Science.
207
00:11:46.759 --> 00:11:47.600
And astronomy.
208
00:11:55.000 --> 00:11:57.600
In a reversal, White House plans to retain the National
209
00:11:57.679 --> 00:12:00.639
Space Council, a move that industry official could serve as
210
00:12:00.639 --> 00:12:04.240
an advocate for space amid pressures to cut budgets. The
211
00:12:04.279 --> 00:12:07.240
White Houses expected in the coming weeks to formally announce
212
00:12:07.279 --> 00:12:10.320
the National Space Council will continue after speculation that it
213
00:12:10.320 --> 00:12:13.679
would not be retained by the new Trump administration. A
214
00:12:13.759 --> 00:12:16.519
source familiar with the discussions about the Council but not
215
00:12:16.600 --> 00:12:19.240
authorized to speak on the record, said that President Trump
216
00:12:19.279 --> 00:12:21.600
agreed at a May fifth meeting to stand up the Council.
217
00:12:22.559 --> 00:12:25.159
That meeting did not give a timeline for publicly announcing
218
00:12:25.200 --> 00:12:27.960
the Council or hiring an executive secretary who would handle
219
00:12:28.039 --> 00:12:30.720
day to day operations, although others have set The process
220
00:12:30.759 --> 00:12:34.279
for selecting an executive secretary has been ongoing for several weeks.
221
00:12:35.240 --> 00:12:37.519
The Council had been inactive for nearly a quarter of
222
00:12:37.559 --> 00:12:40.799
a century before Trump re established it in twenty seventeen.
223
00:12:41.720 --> 00:12:44.039
Led at the time by Vice President Mike Pence, the
224
00:12:44.120 --> 00:12:47.519
Council served as an interagency coordinating body, holding a series
225
00:12:47.519 --> 00:12:50.240
of public meetings and releasing policies on a wide range
226
00:12:50.240 --> 00:12:54.559
of space issues. The Biden administration retained the Council, with
227
00:12:54.679 --> 00:12:58.399
Vice President Kamala Harris leading it. The council had a
228
00:12:58.440 --> 00:13:02.120
lower public profile, with fewer men, meetings and policies. It
229
00:13:02.200 --> 00:13:05.240
did work on coordinating policies among agencies and issued a
230
00:13:05.279 --> 00:13:09.799
proposal for mission authorization of novel space activities not currently licensed,
231
00:13:09.879 --> 00:13:12.919
although its proposed legislation was not taken up by Congress.
232
00:13:13.919 --> 00:13:17.279
The new Trump administration reportedly was not interested in maintaining
233
00:13:17.320 --> 00:13:19.759
the council when it took office in January, with no
234
00:13:19.840 --> 00:13:22.759
announcements of new staff for the council or other activities.
235
00:13:23.679 --> 00:13:27.279
According to some reports, Elon Musk, chief executive of SpaceX
236
00:13:27.279 --> 00:13:29.679
and a close advisor to the president, was a post
237
00:13:29.720 --> 00:13:33.639
to the council, seeing it as unnecessary. Vice President J.
238
00:13:33.759 --> 00:13:36.480
D Vance, who would chair the council, has also said
239
00:13:36.519 --> 00:13:40.279
little about space. It is not clear what prompted the change,
240
00:13:40.360 --> 00:13:43.000
although Musk has publicly stated he plans to spend less
241
00:13:43.039 --> 00:13:47.039
time in government activities. Some in the space community, though,
242
00:13:47.200 --> 00:13:49.600
see the shift as an opportunity for more advocacy of
1
00:00:00.200 --> 00:00:00.680
2
00:00:00.760 --> 00:00:03.839
3
00:00:03.839 --> 00:00:05.599
4
00:00:08.080 --> 00:00:11.240
5
00:00:11.160 --> 00:00:19.320
6
00:00:19.359 --> 00:00:21.960
7
00:00:22.000 --> 00:00:23.039
8
00:00:23.359 --> 00:00:24.800
9
00:00:25.000 --> 00:00:26.480
10
00:00:26.679 --> 00:00:28.120
11
00:00:28.280 --> 00:00:30.320
12
00:00:30.640 --> 00:00:33.159
13
00:00:33.159 --> 00:00:36.039
14
00:00:36.079 --> 00:00:38.759
15
00:00:38.880 --> 00:00:40.079
16
00:00:40.079 --> 00:00:42.439
17
00:00:42.799 --> 00:00:45.200
18
00:00:45.320 --> 00:00:47.960
19
00:00:48.000 --> 00:00:49.960
20
00:00:50.079 --> 00:00:53.200
21
00:00:53.280 --> 00:00:55.119
22
00:00:55.280 --> 00:00:57.960
23
00:00:58.000 --> 00:01:01.039
24
00:01:01.079 --> 00:01:03.640
25
00:01:03.679 --> 00:01:06.879
26
00:01:06.920 --> 00:01:09.200
27
00:01:09.200 --> 00:01:09.799
28
00:01:10.040 --> 00:01:11.760
29
00:01:11.840 --> 00:01:12.519
30
00:01:12.719 --> 00:01:14.760
31
00:01:15.040 --> 00:01:16.879
32
00:01:16.879 --> 00:01:19.840
33
00:01:19.840 --> 00:01:22.079
34
00:01:22.000 --> 00:01:24.920
35
00:01:25.200 --> 00:01:28.519
36
00:01:28.519 --> 00:01:31.159
37
00:01:31.319 --> 00:01:34.280
38
00:01:34.719 --> 00:01:36.680
39
00:01:36.879 --> 00:01:40.159
40
00:01:40.159 --> 00:01:42.959
41
00:01:43.400 --> 00:01:46.480
42
00:01:46.799 --> 00:01:47.959
43
00:01:48.000 --> 00:01:49.719
44
00:01:50.079 --> 00:01:52.799
45
00:01:52.599 --> 00:01:55.640
46
00:01:55.719 --> 00:01:57.000
47
00:01:57.040 --> 00:01:57.319
48
00:01:58.040 --> 00:02:01.239
49
00:02:01.799 --> 00:02:02.840
50
00:02:03.319 --> 00:02:05.719
51
00:02:05.840 --> 00:02:07.879
52
00:02:07.879 --> 00:02:08.759
53
00:02:08.960 --> 00:02:27.039
54
00:02:27.039 --> 00:02:29.360
55
00:02:29.719 --> 00:02:32.000
56
00:02:33.000 --> 00:02:36.199
57
00:02:36.240 --> 00:02:39.599
58
00:02:39.599 --> 00:02:43.280
59
00:02:43.280 --> 00:02:46.719
60
00:02:46.879 --> 00:02:49.919
61
00:02:50.000 --> 00:02:54.960
62
00:02:55.039 --> 00:02:57.319
63
00:02:57.319 --> 00:03:00.439
64
00:03:00.479 --> 00:03:03.240
65
00:03:03.240 --> 00:03:07.879
66
00:03:07.960 --> 00:03:10.800
67
00:03:10.800 --> 00:03:13.759
68
00:03:13.840 --> 00:03:16.319
69
00:03:16.560 --> 00:03:19.560
70
00:03:20.439 --> 00:03:22.520
71
00:03:22.520 --> 00:03:24.960
72
00:03:25.919 --> 00:03:28.319
73
00:03:28.360 --> 00:03:30.800
74
00:03:30.840 --> 00:03:33.919
75
00:03:34.000 --> 00:03:36.719
76
00:03:36.759 --> 00:03:39.639
77
00:03:39.680 --> 00:03:44.080
78
00:03:44.120 --> 00:03:47.199
79
00:03:47.280 --> 00:03:50.400
80
00:03:50.439 --> 00:03:52.319
81
00:03:52.400 --> 00:03:56.639
82
00:03:56.639 --> 00:03:59.120
83
00:03:59.159 --> 00:04:01.680
84
00:04:01.680 --> 00:04:05.240
85
00:04:05.319 --> 00:04:07.680
86
00:04:07.719 --> 00:04:11.120
87
00:04:11.120 --> 00:04:13.800
88
00:04:13.840 --> 00:04:17.319
89
00:04:17.319 --> 00:04:20.480
90
00:04:20.720 --> 00:04:23.199
91
00:04:23.199 --> 00:04:25.399
92
00:04:25.439 --> 00:04:28.079
93
00:04:28.120 --> 00:04:31.920
94
00:04:32.000 --> 00:04:33.959
95
00:04:33.959 --> 00:04:37.920
96
00:04:37.959 --> 00:04:41.199
97
00:04:41.240 --> 00:04:44.000
98
00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:47.199
99
00:04:47.199 --> 00:04:52.480
100
00:04:52.680 --> 00:04:57.279
101
00:04:57.319 --> 00:04:59.920
102
00:05:00.120 --> 00:05:03.360
103
00:05:03.480 --> 00:05:06.439
104
00:05:07.439 --> 00:05:10.240
105
00:05:10.279 --> 00:05:13.360
106
00:05:13.360 --> 00:05:17.319
107
00:05:17.319 --> 00:05:20.480
108
00:05:20.600 --> 00:05:23.160
109
00:05:23.160 --> 00:05:26.680
110
00:05:26.720 --> 00:05:29.360
111
00:05:29.399 --> 00:05:31.959
112
00:05:32.000 --> 00:05:34.600
113
00:05:34.639 --> 00:05:38.319
114
00:05:38.360 --> 00:05:41.360
115
00:05:41.399 --> 00:05:44.240
116
00:05:44.319 --> 00:05:48.040
117
00:05:47.519 --> 00:05:53.839
118
00:05:53.879 --> 00:05:58.040
119
00:05:58.079 --> 00:06:01.680
120
00:06:01.759 --> 00:06:05.079
121
00:06:05.360 --> 00:06:10.199
122
00:06:10.600 --> 00:06:12.959
123
00:06:13.079 --> 00:06:15.759
124
00:06:16.360 --> 00:06:20.279
125
00:06:20.800 --> 00:06:24.399
126
00:06:24.480 --> 00:06:28.720
127
00:06:29.519 --> 00:06:34.639
128
00:06:34.680 --> 00:06:38.279
129
00:06:38.360 --> 00:06:43.319
130
00:06:43.360 --> 00:06:46.079
131
00:06:46.120 --> 00:06:50.879
132
00:06:50.920 --> 00:06:55.319
133
00:06:55.360 --> 00:06:59.480
134
00:06:59.480 --> 00:07:05.759
135
00:07:05.920 --> 00:07:10.399
136
00:07:10.519 --> 00:07:14.360
137
00:07:14.399 --> 00:07:19.079
138
00:07:19.160 --> 00:07:23.199
139
00:07:23.199 --> 00:07:28.160
140
00:07:28.199 --> 00:07:31.959
141
00:07:32.000 --> 00:07:35.160
142
00:07:35.720 --> 00:07:38.879
143
00:07:38.920 --> 00:07:42.120
144
00:07:42.160 --> 00:07:46.680
145
00:07:46.680 --> 00:07:49.040
146
00:07:49.040 --> 00:07:53.519
147
00:07:53.560 --> 00:07:57.160
148
00:07:57.600 --> 00:08:00.839
149
00:08:00.879 --> 00:08:04.759
150
00:08:04.800 --> 00:08:07.959
151
00:08:08.279 --> 00:08:12.199
152
00:08:12.240 --> 00:08:15.560
153
00:08:15.600 --> 00:08:19.600
154
00:08:19.720 --> 00:08:24.199
155
00:08:24.240 --> 00:08:28.199
156
00:08:28.480 --> 00:08:33.200
157
00:08:33.240 --> 00:08:37.519
158
00:08:37.559 --> 00:08:41.879
159
00:08:42.120 --> 00:08:46.120
160
00:08:46.200 --> 00:08:51.919
161
00:08:51.960 --> 00:08:56.039
162
00:08:56.399 --> 00:08:59.559
163
00:08:59.679 --> 00:09:04.639
164
00:09:04.720 --> 00:09:08.039
165
00:09:08.320 --> 00:09:12.440
166
00:09:12.480 --> 00:09:16.159
167
00:09:16.639 --> 00:09:17.960
168
00:09:17.960 --> 00:09:22.159
169
00:09:22.159 --> 00:09:26.039
170
00:09:26.080 --> 00:09:30.200
171
00:09:30.320 --> 00:09:34.399
172
00:09:34.440 --> 00:09:39.200
173
00:09:39.320 --> 00:09:44.120
174
00:09:44.519 --> 00:09:47.360
175
00:09:47.360 --> 00:09:52.519
176
00:09:52.720 --> 00:09:56.480
177
00:09:56.639 --> 00:10:00.639
178
00:10:00.720 --> 00:10:05.320
179
00:10:05.519 --> 00:10:09.279
180
00:10:09.440 --> 00:10:12.279
181
00:10:12.399 --> 00:10:14.159
182
00:10:14.559 --> 00:10:15.399
183
00:10:15.519 --> 00:10:19.000
184
00:10:19.159 --> 00:10:24.360
185
00:10:24.440 --> 00:10:27.120
186
00:10:27.159 --> 00:10:29.919
187
00:10:30.159 --> 00:10:33.279
188
00:10:33.399 --> 00:10:37.320
189
00:10:37.399 --> 00:10:41.080
190
00:10:41.120 --> 00:10:44.799
191
00:10:44.840 --> 00:10:47.519
192
00:10:47.600 --> 00:11:02.000
193
00:11:02.039 --> 00:11:05.039
194
00:11:05.080 --> 00:11:06.960
195
00:11:07.000 --> 00:11:10.200
196
00:11:10.440 --> 00:11:13.519
197
00:11:13.559 --> 00:11:16.840
198
00:11:17.000 --> 00:11:20.120
199
00:11:20.320 --> 00:11:23.279
200
00:11:23.279 --> 00:11:26.639
201
00:11:26.720 --> 00:11:29.519
202
00:11:29.559 --> 00:11:34.320
203
00:11:34.639 --> 00:11:37.360
204
00:11:37.440 --> 00:11:39.320
205
00:11:39.519 --> 00:11:40.080
206
00:11:41.519 --> 00:11:46.840
207
00:11:46.759 --> 00:11:47.600
208
00:11:55.000 --> 00:11:57.600
209
00:11:57.679 --> 00:12:00.639
210
00:12:00.639 --> 00:12:04.240
211
00:12:04.279 --> 00:12:07.240
212
00:12:07.279 --> 00:12:10.320
213
00:12:10.320 --> 00:12:13.679
214
00:12:13.759 --> 00:12:16.519
215
00:12:16.600 --> 00:12:19.240
216
00:12:19.279 --> 00:12:21.600
217
00:12:22.559 --> 00:12:25.159
218
00:12:25.200 --> 00:12:27.960
219
00:12:28.039 --> 00:12:30.720
220
00:12:30.759 --> 00:12:34.279
221
00:12:35.240 --> 00:12:37.519
222
00:12:37.559 --> 00:12:40.799
223
00:12:41.720 --> 00:12:44.039
224
00:12:44.120 --> 00:12:47.519
225
00:12:47.519 --> 00:12:50.240
226
00:12:50.240 --> 00:12:54.559
227
00:12:54.679 --> 00:12:58.399
228
00:12:58.440 --> 00:13:02.120
229
00:13:02.200 --> 00:13:05.240
230
00:13:05.279 --> 00:13:09.799
231
00:13:09.879 --> 00:13:12.919
232
00:13:13.919 --> 00:13:17.279
233
00:13:17.320 --> 00:13:19.759
234
00:13:19.840 --> 00:13:22.759
235
00:13:23.679 --> 00:13:27.279
236
00:13:27.279 --> 00:13:29.679
237
00:13:29.720 --> 00:13:33.639
238
00:13:33.759 --> 00:13:36.480
239
00:13:36.519 --> 00:13:40.279
240
00:13:40.360 --> 00:13:43.000
241
00:13:43.039 --> 00:13:47.039
242
00:13:47.200 --> 00:13:49.600