Nov. 15, 2024

S03E207: Einstein's Theory Tested, Space-Age Aging, and Norway's Artificial Clouds

Astronomy Daily - the Podcast: S03E207
Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your ultimate source for the latest in space and Astronomy news. I'm your host, Anna, and today we have a captivating array of stories that delve into the mysteries of the universe and...

Show Notes
Transcript

Astronomy Daily - the Podcast: S03E207
Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your ultimate source for the latest in space and Astronomy news. I'm your host, Anna, and today we have a captivating array of stories that delve into the mysteries of the universe and the cutting-edge advancements in space technology.
Highlights:
- Challenging Einstein's Theories: Explore groundbreaking research from the Universities of Geneva and Toulouse that tests the limits of Einstein's theories. Discover how data from the Dark Energy Survey reveals gravitational effects that deviate from Einstein's predictions, especially during the universe's accelerated expansion phase.
- Space Travel and Human Aging: Uncover new insights into how spaceflight accelerates biological aging processes. Learn about the parallels between the effects of space travel on astronauts and the natural aging process on Earth, and the implications for future space exploration and healthcare.
- Advancements in Satellite Servicing: Delve into Northrop Grumman's upcoming Mission Robotic Vehicle launch in 2026, featuring robotic arms developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Understand how this technology will revolutionize satellite maintenance and extend the operational life of geostationary satellites.
- NASA's Artificial Clouds Experiment: Witness NASA's stunning experiment in Norway's auroral skies, creating artificial clouds to study atmospheric dynamics. Learn how this experiment illuminates the complex interactions in the turbopause region and its significance for space weather research.
- Fireball Over North America: Relive the spectacular sight of a fireball lighting up the skies over North America, captured by both ground-based observers and NOAA satellites. Understand the science behind these brilliant meteor events and their cosmic origins.
- NASA's Tracers Mission Update: Get the latest on NASA's Tracers mission as it completes its twin spacecraft, aiming to study magnetic reconnection and space weather phenomena. Discover how this mission will enhance our understanding of the sun-Earth interaction.
- Large Magellanic Cloud's Galactic Encounter: Explore the survival story of the Large Magellanic Cloud as it navigates a close encounter with the Milky Way. Learn how Hubble's observations reveal the effects of ram pressure stripping on this dwarf galaxy's gaseous halo.
For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Sign up for our free Daily newsletter to stay informed on all things space. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, and TikTok. Share your thoughts and connect with fellow space enthusiasts.
Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-the-podcast--5648921/support.

WEBVTT

1
00:00:01.159 --> 00:00:03.759
Black Friday is coming, and for the adults in your

2
00:00:03.799 --> 00:00:07.120
life who love the coolest toys, well there's something for

3
00:00:07.160 --> 00:00:10.400
them this year too. Bartisian is the premiere craft cocktail

4
00:00:10.400 --> 00:00:13.839
maker that automatically makes more than sixty seasonal and classic

5
00:00:13.880 --> 00:00:16.760
cocktails each and under thirty seconds at the push of

6
00:00:16.800 --> 00:00:20.079
a button. And right now, Bartsian is having a huge

7
00:00:20.120 --> 00:00:22.879
sight wide sale. You can get one hundred dollars off

8
00:00:22.879 --> 00:00:25.800
any cocktail maker or cocktail maker bundle when you spend

9
00:00:25.800 --> 00:00:29.320
four hundred dollars or more so, if the cocktail lover

10
00:00:29.440 --> 00:00:32.119
in your life has been good this year or the

11
00:00:32.240 --> 00:00:36.079
right kind of bad, get them Bartesian at the push

12
00:00:36.079 --> 00:00:40.920
of a button, make Bark quality Cosmopolitans, Martini's, Manhattan's, and more,

13
00:00:41.359 --> 00:00:45.119
all in just thirty seconds, all for a hundred off.

14
00:00:45.600 --> 00:00:48.159
Amazing toys aren't just for kids.

15
00:00:48.520 --> 00:00:50.600
Get one hundred off a cocktail maker when you spend

16
00:00:50.679 --> 00:00:54.640
four hundred through Cyber Monday, visit Bartsian dot com slash cocktail.

17
00:00:55.079 --> 00:00:59.799
That's ba r t E sia n dot com slash cocktail.

18
00:01:00.719 --> 00:01:03.320
Have you googled yourself lately? Are there negative posts from

19
00:01:03.320 --> 00:01:05.920
an ex employee or from a former client, Maybe an

20
00:01:05.920 --> 00:01:08.959
outdated news article. Search engines don't always get it right,

21
00:01:09.079 --> 00:01:11.439
but right or wrong, it's your reputation on the line.

22
00:01:11.480 --> 00:01:14.640
That's where Reputation Defender by Norton comes in take control.

23
00:01:14.680 --> 00:01:17.599
With Reputation Defender, their cutting edge approaches help you to

24
00:01:17.599 --> 00:01:20.599
wipe away unwanted information in your search results. They also

25
00:01:20.680 --> 00:01:22.920
promote the good stuff. You can start by getting your

26
00:01:22.920 --> 00:01:26.799
free reputation report card at ReputationDefender dot com or call

27
00:01:26.879 --> 00:01:29.799
eight hundred eight one one forty nine seventy five to

28
00:01:29.840 --> 00:01:30.799
speak to an expert.

29
00:01:31.000 --> 00:01:32.439
Welcome to Astronomy Daily.

30
00:01:33.000 --> 00:01:36.599
I'm Anna, and we have an absolutely fascinating lineup of

31
00:01:36.640 --> 00:01:39.799
space discoveries and astronomical events to share with you today.

32
00:01:40.319 --> 00:01:44.560
From groundbreaking research that's challenging Einstein's fundamental theories about the universe,

33
00:01:45.040 --> 00:01:48.040
to new insights about how space travel affects human aging,

34
00:01:48.640 --> 00:01:51.439
the world of space science continues to amaze.

35
00:01:51.000 --> 00:01:51.840
And surprise us.

36
00:01:52.319 --> 00:01:56.560
We'll also explore some spectacular cosmic events, including a brilliant

37
00:01:56.560 --> 00:01:59.159
fireball that lit up the North American skies and an

38
00:01:59.159 --> 00:02:04.120
extraordinary experiment where NASA created artificial clouds beneath the glowing

39
00:02:04.159 --> 00:02:08.319
auroras of Norway. Plus, we'll look at the latest developments

40
00:02:08.360 --> 00:02:12.120
in satellite servicing technology and get an update on NASA's

41
00:02:12.159 --> 00:02:15.639
ambitious Tracer's mission. Stay with me as we journey through

42
00:02:15.680 --> 00:02:18.919
these extraordinary stories that are expanding our understanding of the

43
00:02:18.960 --> 00:02:23.479
cosmos and our place within it. Our first story today

44
00:02:23.599 --> 00:02:27.840
challenges one of the most fundamental theories in physics. Scientists

45
00:02:27.879 --> 00:02:30.840
from the universities of Geneva and Toulouse have been analyzing

46
00:02:30.919 --> 00:02:33.879
data from the Dark Energy Survey, and what they've found

47
00:02:34.039 --> 00:02:37.240
might make Einstein himself raise an eyebrow. They've been testing

48
00:02:37.240 --> 00:02:40.120
how gravity bends space and time across different periods of

49
00:02:40.120 --> 00:02:43.120
the universe's history, and the results aren't quite matching what

50
00:02:43.199 --> 00:02:46.919
Einstein's equations predicted. Think of the universe like a giant,

51
00:02:46.919 --> 00:02:50.039
flexible sheet that gets bent and curved by massive objects.

52
00:02:50.560 --> 00:02:53.960
That's how Einstein describes space time. When light travels through

53
00:02:54.000 --> 00:02:57.120
these curved areas, it bends, similar to how a glass

54
00:02:57.199 --> 00:03:01.319
lens bends light. Scientists call this gravitation lensing, and it's

55
00:03:01.360 --> 00:03:03.599
been one of the cornerstones of our understanding of how

56
00:03:03.599 --> 00:03:07.400
the universe works. The research team looked at an incredible

57
00:03:07.400 --> 00:03:10.520
one hundred million galaxies at different points in cosmic history,

58
00:03:11.120 --> 00:03:13.840
ranging from three point five to seven billion years ago.

59
00:03:14.639 --> 00:03:17.199
Here's where it gets interesting. When they looked at the

60
00:03:17.240 --> 00:03:21.360
distant past around six to seven billion years ago, everything

61
00:03:21.439 --> 00:03:24.960
lined up perfectly with Einstein's predictions. But as they looked

62
00:03:24.960 --> 00:03:28.199
at more recent times, about three point five to five

63
00:03:28.199 --> 00:03:32.599
billion years ago, they noticed something odd. The gravitational effects

64
00:03:32.639 --> 00:03:35.800
were slightly weaker than Einstein's theory suggested they should be.

65
00:03:36.520 --> 00:03:40.400
What makes this particularly intriguing is that this period coincides

66
00:03:40.400 --> 00:03:44.680
with when the universe's expansion started accelerating, something we still

67
00:03:44.719 --> 00:03:49.400
don't fully understand. Could these two mysteries be connected. The

68
00:03:49.439 --> 00:03:52.400
researchers think we might need to consider the possibility that

69
00:03:52.479 --> 00:03:57.879
gravity works differently at very large scales than Einstein's equations predict. Now,

70
00:03:57.919 --> 00:04:01.080
before we declare Einstein's theory in valid, it's important to

71
00:04:01.159 --> 00:04:04.680
note that the difference they found isn't quite strong enough

72
00:04:04.680 --> 00:04:08.280
to completely overturn his work. The scientists are calling it

73
00:04:08.319 --> 00:04:12.439
a three sigma difference, interesting enough to warrant further investigation,

74
00:04:13.039 --> 00:04:16.199
but not yet at the five sigma threshold that would

75
00:04:16.199 --> 00:04:20.199
signal a definitive discovery. They're now looking forward to analyzing

76
00:04:20.240 --> 00:04:23.480
new data from the EUCLID space telescope which should provide

77
00:04:23.519 --> 00:04:26.800
even more precise measurements to help solve this cosmic puzzle.

78
00:04:27.800 --> 00:04:31.079
The mysteries of space travel continue to reveal new challenges

79
00:04:31.120 --> 00:04:35.000
for human exploration, with recent research shedding light on how

80
00:04:35.040 --> 00:04:39.519
spaceflight affects our bodies at a fundamental level, speaking of

81
00:04:39.560 --> 00:04:43.959
science that needs further investigation, but interesting nonetheless, a groundbreaking

82
00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:47.279
study has found that time spent in space appears to

83
00:04:47.360 --> 00:04:51.279
accelerate many of the biological processes we typically associate with

84
00:04:51.399 --> 00:04:55.600
aging here on Earth. When astronauts venture beyond our atmosphere,

85
00:04:56.000 --> 00:04:59.639
their bodies undergo remarkable changes that mirror what happens during

86
00:04:59.680 --> 00:05:03.879
the age process, but at an accelerated rate. Scientists have

87
00:05:03.920 --> 00:05:08.160
discovered that space travel triggers significant shifts in genomic stability

88
00:05:08.560 --> 00:05:13.680
and causes our cellular powerhouses the mitochondria, to function less efficiently,

89
00:05:14.199 --> 00:05:17.600
similar to what happens as we age naturally. One of

90
00:05:17.600 --> 00:05:21.040
the most striking findings is how spaceflight affects inflammation in

91
00:05:21.079 --> 00:05:26.680
the body. The research shows that astronauts experience increased inflammatory responses,

92
00:05:27.079 --> 00:05:29.720
much like what we see in elderly populations on Earth.

93
00:05:30.519 --> 00:05:33.959
This is particularly concerning when we consider muscle health, as

94
00:05:34.000 --> 00:05:37.399
the study revealed patterns of muscle wasting that closely resemble

95
00:05:37.439 --> 00:05:41.639
a condition known as sarcophenia, which typically affects older adults.

96
00:05:42.600 --> 00:05:46.800
Perhaps most significantly, this is the first comprehensive examination that

97
00:05:46.920 --> 00:05:51.720
draws direct parallels between spaceflight and what scientists call biomarkers

98
00:05:51.720 --> 00:05:56.480
of frailty. These are essentially biological warning signs that indicate

99
00:05:56.519 --> 00:05:59.800
how quickly our bodies are aging and becoming more vulnerable

100
00:05:59.800 --> 00:06:03.439
to health issues. The research suggests that time and space

101
00:06:03.560 --> 00:06:07.920
might actually induce a frailty like condition in astronauts, regardless

102
00:06:07.920 --> 00:06:12.079
of their age. These findings aren't just important for space exploration,

103
00:06:13.079 --> 00:06:16.160
they could have far reaching implications for healthcare, both in

104
00:06:16.240 --> 00:06:20.560
space and on Earth. By understanding how spaceflight accelerates these

105
00:06:20.600 --> 00:06:24.800
aging processes, scientists might be able to develop new treatments

106
00:06:24.839 --> 00:06:28.680
that could help both astronauts and elderly populations. The research

107
00:06:28.720 --> 00:06:31.680
team is now advocating for the development of a specialized

108
00:06:31.720 --> 00:06:35.920
frailty index to monitor astronaut health during missions, which could

109
00:06:35.959 --> 00:06:38.600
become a crucial tool for ensuring the safety of future

110
00:06:38.600 --> 00:06:44.240
space explorers. Exciting developments are underway in the satellite servicing industry,

111
00:06:44.759 --> 00:06:48.759
as Northrop Grumman's Space Logistics division prepares for a groundbreaking

112
00:06:48.800 --> 00:06:52.319
twenty twenty six launch. They're developing what's called the Mission

113
00:06:52.439 --> 00:06:57.519
Robotic Vehicle, or MRV, a sophisticated spacecraft equipped with robotic

114
00:06:57.639 --> 00:07:01.079
arms that could revolutionize how we maintain satellites in orbit.

115
00:07:01.800 --> 00:07:05.120
These aren't just any robotic arms. They've been specially developed

116
00:07:05.120 --> 00:07:08.240
by the US Naval Research Laboratory and have already passed

117
00:07:08.279 --> 00:07:11.639
crucial testing phases. The arms will enable the MRV to

118
00:07:11.680 --> 00:07:14.800
perform intricate tasks on satellites positioned more than twenty two

119
00:07:15.199 --> 00:07:18.920
five hundred miles above Earth in geostationary orbit, where many

120
00:07:18.959 --> 00:07:23.360
of our critical communication satellites operate. What makes this particularly

121
00:07:23.439 --> 00:07:28.240
interesting is that space Logistics has already secured its first customers.

122
00:07:29.079 --> 00:07:32.040
Both Intelsat and Optis have signed up to have their

123
00:07:32.079 --> 00:07:36.040
satellite serviced with what are called mission extension pods. Think

124
00:07:36.079 --> 00:07:38.920
of these as space based jetpacks that can add about

125
00:07:38.959 --> 00:07:42.279
six years of operational life to satellites that are running

126
00:07:42.319 --> 00:07:46.079
low on fuel. This is crucial because roughly ten satellites

127
00:07:46.120 --> 00:07:49.439
in geostationary orbit reach the end of their operational life

128
00:07:49.480 --> 00:07:53.079
each year simply because they run out of fuel. The

129
00:07:53.240 --> 00:07:57.639
MRV represents a significant advancement over previous satellite servicing vehicles.

130
00:07:58.240 --> 00:08:01.879
Unlike its predecessors, it will be capable of performing more

131
00:08:01.920 --> 00:08:08.399
sophisticated tasks, including detailed inspections, repairs, and even relocating satellites

132
00:08:08.399 --> 00:08:12.279
to different orbits. These capabilities could prove invaluable for both

133
00:08:12.319 --> 00:08:16.439
commercial operators and government agencies looking to extend the life

134
00:08:16.519 --> 00:08:20.199
of their space assets. The economics of this technology are

135
00:08:20.240 --> 00:08:25.319
particularly compelling. The mission extension pods, weighing about three hundred

136
00:08:25.360 --> 00:08:29.120
and fifty kilograms each, offer a more cost effective solution

137
00:08:29.639 --> 00:08:34.000
compared to launching entirely new satellites. By using electric propulsion

138
00:08:34.080 --> 00:08:37.039
to reach their target orbits and relying on the MRV

139
00:08:37.120 --> 00:08:41.039
for installation, these pods provide a practical way to extend

140
00:08:41.080 --> 00:08:45.240
satellite operations without the enormous expense of replacement missions.

141
00:08:46.879 --> 00:08:49.480
Black Friday is coming, and for the adults in your

142
00:08:49.519 --> 00:08:52.720
life who love the the coolest toys, well there's something

143
00:08:52.759 --> 00:08:55.639
for them this year too. Martisian is the premiere craft

144
00:08:55.679 --> 00:08:58.960
cocktail maker that automatically makes more than sixty seasonal and

145
00:08:59.120 --> 00:09:02.120
classic cocktail each and out of thirty seconds at the

146
00:09:02.120 --> 00:09:05.200
push of a button. And right now, Bartisian is having

147
00:09:05.279 --> 00:09:07.000
a huge sight wide sale.

148
00:09:07.120 --> 00:09:08.799
You can get one hundred dollars off.

149
00:09:08.600 --> 00:09:11.519
Any cocktail maker or cocktail maker bundle when you spend

150
00:09:11.519 --> 00:09:15.039
four hundred dollars or more so, if the cocktail lover

151
00:09:15.159 --> 00:09:17.879
in your life has been good this year or the

152
00:09:17.960 --> 00:09:21.799
right kind of bad, get them Bartesian at the push

153
00:09:21.799 --> 00:09:26.639
of a button, make Bark quality Cosmopolitans, Martini's, Manhattan's, and more,

154
00:09:27.080 --> 00:09:30.799
all in just thirty seconds, all for ae hundred off.

155
00:09:31.320 --> 00:09:33.919
Amazing toys aren't just for kids.

156
00:09:34.240 --> 00:09:36.320
Get one hundred off a cocktail maker when you spend

157
00:09:36.399 --> 00:09:40.399
four hundred through Cyber Monday. Visit Bartsian dot com slash cocktail.

158
00:09:40.799 --> 00:09:44.639
That's b A r t e sia n dot com

159
00:09:44.679 --> 00:09:45.519
slash cocktail.

160
00:09:46.639 --> 00:09:49.600
Recently, a new client called me and started by saying,

161
00:09:49.840 --> 00:09:52.639
mister Morgan, I really need your help, but I'm just

162
00:09:52.720 --> 00:09:56.240
a nobody. Those words stunned me and I immediately called

163
00:09:56.279 --> 00:09:58.960
him back, and we're now helping him and his family

164
00:09:59.279 --> 00:10:02.840
after a terrible laxative. I'm John Morgan, and Morgan and Morgan.

165
00:10:03.120 --> 00:10:05.720
Everybody who comes to our firm at their time of

166
00:10:05.799 --> 00:10:09.080
need is a somebody. I grew up poor, but my

167
00:10:09.159 --> 00:10:12.360
grandmother was like a queen to us at Morgan and Morgan.

168
00:10:12.399 --> 00:10:14.519
Our goal is to level the playing field for you

169
00:10:14.600 --> 00:10:17.519
and your family at your time of need. The insurance

170
00:10:17.559 --> 00:10:20.759
company has unlimited money and resources. You need a firm

171
00:10:20.759 --> 00:10:23.559
who can fight them toe to toe for right. At

172
00:10:23.600 --> 00:10:26.440
thirty years, we have fought them in courtrooms throughout America.

173
00:10:26.919 --> 00:10:31.279
Our results speak for themselves, and always remember this, everybody

174
00:10:31.559 --> 00:10:35.240
is a somebody and nobody is a nobody. Visit for

175
00:10:35.320 --> 00:10:37.879
the People dot Com to learn about our firm, Morgan

176
00:10:37.919 --> 00:10:41.039
and Morgan. For the people injured, Visit for the People

177
00:10:41.120 --> 00:10:42.879
dot Com for an office near you.

178
00:10:47.399 --> 00:10:51.000
In a stunning display of science meeting natural wonder, NASA

179
00:10:51.080 --> 00:10:55.320
recently conducted a fascinating experiment in the Auroral skies over Norway.

180
00:10:55.919 --> 00:11:00.240
On November tenth, during a minor geomagnetic storm, two rockets

181
00:11:00.279 --> 00:11:02.879
launched from the Andoya Space Center carried out what's known

182
00:11:02.919 --> 00:11:07.679
as the Vorticity Experiment or vortex, creating artificial clouds that

183
00:11:07.759 --> 00:11:11.240
danced beneath the shimmering northern lights. The purpose of this

184
00:11:11.360 --> 00:11:15.399
experiment was to better understand the complex interactions occurring in

185
00:11:15.440 --> 00:11:19.360
a particular region of our atmosphere called the turbopause. This

186
00:11:19.480 --> 00:11:23.080
is where the mesosphere meets the thermosphere about fifty six

187
00:11:23.120 --> 00:11:27.279
miles up. To study these interactions, the rockets released a

188
00:11:27.320 --> 00:11:31.879
compound called trimethyl aluminum, which formed visible swirling patterns in

189
00:11:31.919 --> 00:11:36.360
the sky. Local photographer Ivar Sandland captured this remarkable event

190
00:11:36.399 --> 00:11:39.720
while on a road trip near Mount Stetton, Norway's National Mountain.

191
00:11:40.519 --> 00:11:43.360
He initially thought he was witnessing some strange cloud formation,

192
00:11:44.039 --> 00:11:47.200
only to later discover he had documented a significant scientific

193
00:11:47.240 --> 00:11:51.039
experiment in action. The timing couldn't have been better, as

194
00:11:51.080 --> 00:11:55.360
the artificial clouds appeared against a backdrop of vibrant auroral displays.

195
00:11:56.200 --> 00:11:59.639
The location of this experiment wasn't chosen by chance. The

196
00:11:59.720 --> 00:12:02.320
end doors OJEA Space Center's position near the Arctic Circle

197
00:12:02.639 --> 00:12:06.200
makes it an ideal spot for studying geomagnetic activity and auroras.

198
00:12:06.799 --> 00:12:10.720
This is because Earth's magnetic field naturally funnels charge particles

199
00:12:10.759 --> 00:12:13.960
from the Sun toward the poles, creating the perfect natural

200
00:12:14.000 --> 00:12:18.919
laboratory for understanding space weather phenomena. These artificial clouds aren't

201
00:12:18.960 --> 00:12:22.360
just for show. They serve as visible tracers that help

202
00:12:22.399 --> 00:12:26.080
scientists understand how gravity waves behave and interact at this

203
00:12:26.240 --> 00:12:30.080
crucial boundary in our atmosphere. This knowledge is vital for

204
00:12:30.159 --> 00:12:33.480
improving our understanding of atmospheric dynamics and their influence on

205
00:12:33.519 --> 00:12:37.960
our planet's weather and climate systems. While on the subject

206
00:12:38.080 --> 00:12:42.879
of unusual sits in our skies, a spectacular fireball lit

207
00:12:42.960 --> 00:12:46.080
up the skies over North America earlier this week, treating

208
00:12:46.080 --> 00:12:49.440
observers across the US Midwest and parts of Canada to

209
00:12:49.559 --> 00:12:54.320
a dazzling celestial show. Unlike the recent Starlink satellite re entry,

210
00:12:54.799 --> 00:12:58.039
this was a genuine visitor from outer space, blazing through

211
00:12:58.080 --> 00:13:00.759
our atmosphere early Monday morning at around six thirty one

212
00:13:00.840 --> 00:13:01.399
mountain time.

213
00:13:02.039 --> 00:13:03.240
The media created.

214
00:13:03.000 --> 00:13:06.120
Quite a spectacle as it streaked southeast across the morning sky,

215
00:13:06.240 --> 00:13:10.679
visible from Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada, throughout Montana, Idaho,

216
00:13:11.039 --> 00:13:13.519
and parts of Washington, Wyoming, and North Dakota.

217
00:13:14.480 --> 00:13:15.840
Eyewitnesses described a.

218
00:13:15.799 --> 00:13:20.519
Brilliant green streak that brightened dramatically for several seconds, creating

219
00:13:20.600 --> 00:13:23.919
such intense illumination that it briefly lit up the surrounding

220
00:13:24.000 --> 00:13:28.480
landscape like early morning. What makes this event particularly noteworthy

221
00:13:28.960 --> 00:13:32.240
is that it was captured not only by countless doorbell cameras,

222
00:13:32.600 --> 00:13:35.600
dash cams, and cell phones on the ground, but also

223
00:13:35.679 --> 00:13:40.679
by sophisticated equipment in space to Noah whether satellites, GOES

224
00:13:40.720 --> 00:13:44.799
sixteen and Goes eighteen detected the fireball using their lightning

225
00:13:44.799 --> 00:13:49.159
detection instruments, providing a unique perspective of this cosmic event

226
00:13:49.240 --> 00:13:53.480
from above. According to reports submitted to the American meteor Society,

227
00:13:53.919 --> 00:13:58.080
this was an exceptionally bright fireball. One observer in Alberta

228
00:13:58.200 --> 00:14:01.480
noted it was among the most spectacle tacular they'd ever witnessed,

229
00:14:01.720 --> 00:14:05.360
describing a greenish streak followed by an intense flash with

230
00:14:05.399 --> 00:14:08.679
a secondary dimmer flash along the same trail. Another witness

231
00:14:08.679 --> 00:14:11.960
in Montana reported that the meteor was so bright it

232
00:14:12.039 --> 00:14:15.320
temporarily illuminated their surroundings as if it were mid morning.

233
00:14:16.240 --> 00:14:19.519
These impressive displays occur when small pieces of space debris,

234
00:14:19.799 --> 00:14:24.120
known as meteoroids, collide with Earth's atmosphere at extremely high speeds.

235
00:14:24.919 --> 00:14:28.440
The friction generated by these collisions with air particles creates

236
00:14:28.480 --> 00:14:32.720
intense heat that vaporizes the space rocks, producing the brilliant

237
00:14:32.759 --> 00:14:36.440
streaks of light we see as meteors. While most of

238
00:14:36.480 --> 00:14:39.399
these visitors from space completely burn up in our atmosphere,

239
00:14:39.799 --> 00:14:42.159
they certainly know how to put on a spectacular show.

240
00:14:42.200 --> 00:14:43.840
On their way out.

241
00:14:44.360 --> 00:14:47.720
Next up, NASA's Tracer's mission has just hit a significant

242
00:14:47.759 --> 00:14:51.120
milestone with the completion of its twin spacecraft, marking a

243
00:14:51.120 --> 00:14:54.240
crucial step forward in our quest to better understand space weather.

244
00:14:54.759 --> 00:14:56.080
These satellites, built.

245
00:14:55.840 --> 00:14:59.279
By Millennium Space Systems, are designed to study a fascinating

246
00:14:59.320 --> 00:15:02.360
phenomenon that occurs where the solar wind meets Earth's protective

247
00:15:02.399 --> 00:15:07.360
magnetic field. The mission's primary focus is investigating magnetic reconnection,

248
00:15:07.919 --> 00:15:11.720
a powerful process that happens when magnetic fields intersect and

249
00:15:11.840 --> 00:15:14.600
release enormous amounts of energy. Think of it as a

250
00:15:14.600 --> 00:15:18.559
cosmic dance between the Sun's magnetic field and Earth's magnetosphere,

251
00:15:18.879 --> 00:15:21.480
creating bursts of energy that can affect everything from our

252
00:15:21.519 --> 00:15:26.639
power grids to satellite communications. What makes Tracers particularly innovative

253
00:15:26.720 --> 00:15:29.639
is its unique approach, using two satellites flying in formation

254
00:15:29.720 --> 00:15:33.200
through Earth's polar cusps. These are funnel shaped regions where

255
00:15:33.200 --> 00:15:36.159
our planet's magnetic field opens up over the North and

256
00:15:36.240 --> 00:15:39.960
South poles. By having two spacecraft collecting data in tandem,

257
00:15:40.440 --> 00:15:43.200
scientists will be able to observe how quickly these magnetic

258
00:15:43.240 --> 00:15:47.519
reconnection events evolve and change, giving us unprecedented insights into

259
00:15:47.519 --> 00:15:51.519
these complex processes. The completion of both satellites marks the

260
00:15:51.559 --> 00:15:55.480
transition from development to the crucial testing phase. Once testing

261
00:15:55.519 --> 00:15:58.440
wraps up, they'll be shipped to Vandenberg Space four Space

262
00:15:58.480 --> 00:16:02.600
in California for integration with their launch vehicle. The mission

263
00:16:02.600 --> 00:16:04.879
team is working towards a target launch date in early

264
00:16:04.919 --> 00:16:08.440
twenty twenty five, and they've already passed a critical review

265
00:16:08.759 --> 00:16:10.919
that gives them the green light to move forward with

266
00:16:11.000 --> 00:16:15.200
final preparations. This mission couldn't come at a more important time.

267
00:16:15.720 --> 00:16:19.320
As our society becomes increasingly dependent on satellite technology and

268
00:16:19.360 --> 00:16:24.440
power grids, understanding space weather becomes crucial for protecting our infrastructure.

269
00:16:24.919 --> 00:16:28.080
These twin spacecraft will serve as our eyes in the sky,

270
00:16:28.120 --> 00:16:31.120
helping us better predict and prepare for space weather events

271
00:16:31.159 --> 00:16:34.879
that could impact our daily lives. Now, we have a

272
00:16:34.919 --> 00:16:38.919
fascinating story of galactic survival which is unfolding right in

273
00:16:38.960 --> 00:16:42.440
our cosmic backyard, and the Hubble Space Telescope has given

274
00:16:42.519 --> 00:16:46.399
us a front row seat. The large Magellanic Cloud, one

275
00:16:46.480 --> 00:16:50.799
of our nearest galactic neighbors, has apparently just survived what

276
00:16:50.840 --> 00:16:52.960
we might call a close brush with the Milky Way,

277
00:16:53.600 --> 00:16:56.639
and it's showing us the scars of this encounter. This

278
00:16:56.840 --> 00:16:59.799
dwarf galaxy, which appears in our southern sky as an

279
00:16:59.840 --> 00:17:02.519
eye object about twenty times larger than the full Moon,

280
00:17:03.039 --> 00:17:06.279
seems to be just passing through rather than orbiting our galaxy.

281
00:17:07.079 --> 00:17:10.680
Scientists have discovered that this cosmic drive by has literally

282
00:17:10.759 --> 00:17:14.519
stripped away most of the gas surrounding the LMC, leaving

283
00:17:14.559 --> 00:17:17.920
it with an unusually small halo just fifty thousand light

284
00:17:18.000 --> 00:17:22.440
years across, which is tiny compared to similar galaxies. But

285
00:17:22.559 --> 00:17:26.160
here's what makes this story remarkable. The LMC has emerged

286
00:17:26.200 --> 00:17:29.400
as a true survivor. Despite losing most of its gaseous

287
00:17:29.440 --> 00:17:33.000
halo to our galaxy's gravitational influence, it's managed to hold

288
00:17:33.000 --> 00:17:35.640
on to just enough gas to keep forming new stars.

289
00:17:36.240 --> 00:17:39.039
This resilience comes down to its size. At about ten

290
00:17:39.079 --> 00:17:41.559
percent of the Milky Way's mass, it's actually quite hefty

291
00:17:41.599 --> 00:17:44.920
for a dwarf galaxy. The process that's stripped away most

292
00:17:44.920 --> 00:17:48.720
of the lmc's gas is called ram pressure stripping. Imagine

293
00:17:48.720 --> 00:17:51.920
our galaxy acting like a giant hair dryer, blowing away

294
00:17:52.000 --> 00:17:55.519
the lmc's gas as it passes through. The intense pressure

295
00:17:55.599 --> 00:17:58.640
has pushed back most of the original halo leaving just

296
00:17:58.680 --> 00:18:01.920
a small, stubborn remnant that refuses to be blown away.

297
00:18:02.920 --> 00:18:05.400
We know all this thanks to Hubble's unique ability to

298
00:18:05.440 --> 00:18:09.160
observe ultraviolet light and some clever use of background quasers

299
00:18:09.160 --> 00:18:13.319
as cosmic flashlights. The telescope analyzed light from twenty eight

300
00:18:13.319 --> 00:18:17.559
distant quasers passing through the lmc's halo, giving scientists their

301
00:18:17.599 --> 00:18:20.720
first real measurement of what's left of this cosmic survivor's

302
00:18:20.759 --> 00:18:25.359
gaseous envelope. Well, that brings us to the end of

303
00:18:25.400 --> 00:18:29.680
another fascinating episode of Astronomy Daily. I'm Anna, and I

304
00:18:29.720 --> 00:18:31.599
want to thank you for joining me on this journey

305
00:18:31.599 --> 00:18:35.920
through the latest discoveries in space and astronomy. From Einstein's

306
00:18:35.960 --> 00:18:39.960
theories being challenged to spectacular fireballs lighting up North American skies.

307
00:18:40.000 --> 00:18:41.319
It's been quite a show today.

308
00:18:42.039 --> 00:18:44.880
If you're hungry for more space news, I've got great

309
00:18:44.920 --> 00:18:47.480
news for you. You can catch up on all the

310
00:18:47.519 --> 00:18:50.960
latest developments in space and astronomy at our website, Astronomy

311
00:18:51.039 --> 00:18:55.200
Daily dot io. There you'll find our constantly updating news feed,

312
00:18:55.599 --> 00:18:57.960
all our past episodes, and you can sign up for

313
00:18:57.960 --> 00:19:00.119
our free daily newsletter to never miss a beat in

314
00:19:00.160 --> 00:19:03.880
space exploration and Hey, let's stay connected. You can find

315
00:19:03.960 --> 00:19:06.960
us across all major social media platforms. Just search for

316
00:19:07.039 --> 00:19:11.920
Astro Daily Pod on Facebook, x, YouTube and TikTok. Until

317
00:19:11.920 --> 00:19:14.119
next time, keep looking up and stay curious about our

318
00:19:14.160 --> 00:19:18.160
incredible universey.

319
00:19:18.319 --> 00:19:18.640
Start.

320
00:19:39.759 --> 00:19:42.359
Black Friday is coming, And for the adults in your

321
00:19:42.400 --> 00:19:45.720
life who love the coolest toys, well there's something for

322
00:19:45.759 --> 00:19:48.960
them this year too. Bartisian is the premiere craft cocktail

323
00:19:49.000 --> 00:19:52.440
maker that automatically makes more than sixty seasonal and classic

324
00:19:52.480 --> 00:19:55.279
cocktails each and out of thirty seconds at the push

325
00:19:55.319 --> 00:19:58.240
of a button. And right now, Bartisian is having a

326
00:19:58.319 --> 00:20:01.279
huge sight wide sale. You can get one hundred dollars

327
00:20:01.279 --> 00:20:04.039
off any cocktail maker or cocktail maker bundle when you

328
00:20:04.079 --> 00:20:07.680
spend four hundred dollars or more so, if the cocktail

329
00:20:07.720 --> 00:20:10.599
lover in your life has been good this year or

330
00:20:10.640 --> 00:20:14.359
the right kind of bad, get them Bartisian at the

331
00:20:14.359 --> 00:20:18.759
push of a button, make bar quality Cosmopolitans, Martini's, Manhattan's,

332
00:20:18.839 --> 00:20:23.119
and more, all in just thirty seconds, all for ae

333
00:20:23.200 --> 00:20:27.400
hundred off. Amazing toys aren't just for kids. Get one

334
00:20:27.480 --> 00:20:29.799
hundred off a cocktail maker when you spend four hundred.

335
00:20:29.839 --> 00:20:33.960
Through Cyber Monday, visit Bartisian dot com slash cocktail. That's

336
00:20:34.039 --> 00:20:37.039
ba r tesia n.

337
00:20:37.000 --> 00:20:38.359
Dot com slash cocktail.

338
00:20:39.319 --> 00:20:41.920
Have you googled yourself lately? Are there negative posts from

339
00:20:41.920 --> 00:20:44.480
an ex employee or from a former client, maybe an

340
00:20:44.519 --> 00:20:47.559
outdated news article. Search engines don't always get it right

341
00:20:47.680 --> 00:20:50.000
for right or wrong, it's your reputation on the line.

342
00:20:50.079 --> 00:20:53.200
That's where Reputation Defender by Norton comes in. Take control

343
00:20:53.240 --> 00:20:56.160
with Reputation Defender, their cutting edge approaches help you to

344
00:20:56.200 --> 00:20:59.119
wipe away unwanted information in your search results. They also

345
00:20:59.240 --> 00:21:01.400
promote the good stuff off. You can start by getting

346
00:21:01.400 --> 00:21:05.039
your free reputation report card at ReputationDefender dot com or

347
00:21:05.200 --> 00:21:08.279
call eight hundred eight point one forty nine seventy five

348
00:21:08.319 --> 00:21:09.400
to speak to an expert.