Nov. 7, 2024

S03E200: Martian Water Mysteries, Starship's Next Leap, and Venus's Ancient Crater

S03E200: Martian Water Mysteries, Starship's Next Leap, and Venus's Ancient Crater

Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S03E200
Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your source for the latest in space and Astronomy news. I'm your host, Anna, and today we embark on an extraordinary journey through our solar system and beyond. From ancient Martian...

Season 3
Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S03E200
Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your source for the latest in space and Astronomy news. I'm your host, Anna, and today we embark on an extraordinary journey through our solar system and beyond. From ancient Martian rivers to SpaceX's Starship plans, let's dive into the cosmic wonders that shape our understanding of the universe.
Highlights:
- Ancient Martian Rivers: Discover how sheets of carbon dioxide ice preserved rivers on Mars over 3 billion years ago, solving a long-standing puzzle about the Red Planet's watery past. This breakthrough offers new insights into Mars's ancient climate and geological features.
- SpaceX's Starship Test Flight: SpaceX is preparing for its next Starship test flight, featuring exciting upgrades and a critical Raptor engine relight demonstration. Learn how these innovations bring us closer to reliable deep space access.
- Virgin Galactic's Ambitious Expansion: Virgin Galactic plans to accelerate its space tourism growth with a $300 million capital raise. This move aims to double their spacecraft fleet by 2028, transforming their operations at Spaceport America.
- James Webb Space Telescope's Exoplanet Research: Explore how the JWST is enhancing our search for life-supporting atmospheres on exoplanets, particularly around M dwarf stars. Recent findings from the Trappist-1 system offer promising signs for future exploration.
- Venus's Ancient Crater Discovery: Scientists have identified a massive impact crater on Venus, offering new insights into the planet's ancient history and the early solar system. This discovery could reshape our understanding of Venus's geological past.
- Netflix's "The Man Who Loved UFOs": Dive into the satirical film about Argentina's notorious UFO incident in the 1980s. This story explores the phenomenon of UFO hysteria and media manipulation, offering a timely reflection on belief and misinformation.
For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Sign up for our free Daily newsletter to stay informed on all things space. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic Music, Tumblr, and TikTok. Share your thoughts and connect with fellow space enthusiasts.
Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.
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WEBVTT

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Hello, space enthusiasts. Today's Cosmic Journey takes us on an

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incredible adventure across our Solar System and beyond. We've got

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an amazing lineup of stories that showcase humanity's ongoing quest

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to understand the universe around us, From groundbreaking discoveries about

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ancient water flows on Mars to SpaceX's latest plans for Starship,

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we'll explore how our understanding of space continues to evolve.

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We'll also dive into fascinating new research from the James

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Webb Space Telescope that's bringing us closer to potentially finding

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life beyond Earth, and uncover a massive ancient crater on

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Venus that's rewriting what we know about our sister planet.

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Stay with me as we explore these captivating developments in

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space exploration and astronomical research. There's so much to discover.

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In today's episode of Astronomy Daily. Scientists have made a

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fascinating breakthrough in understanding how water once flowed on ancient Mars,

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solving a puzzle that has intrigued researchers for decades. New

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research published in the Journal of Geophysical Research Planets reveals

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how sheets of carbon dioxide ice played a crucial role

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in protecting rivers of water on Mars more than three

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billion years ago. The study shows that around three point

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six billion years ago, carbon dioxide from Mars's atmosphere froze,

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creating a thick layer of ice that sat on top

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of water ice sheets at the poles. This carbon dioxide

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ice layer acted like a natural insulator, trapping heat from

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Mars's still active interior. The trapped heat caused about half

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of the water ice beneath to melt, allowing it to

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flow across the red planet's ancient surface. What makes this

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discovery particularly significant is that it explains how Mars could

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have had flowing water during a period when the planet

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was generally cold and icy. The research team found that

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a six hundred and fifty meter thick layer of carbon

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dioxide ice covered a massive four kilometer thick layer of

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water ice. As this water melted, it saturated the Martian

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crust underneath the carbon dioxide cap, creating a complex system

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of subglacial rivers. These ancient rivers left behind distinctive ridge

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formations called eskers, which can still be seen near Mars's

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south pole today. The water eventually collected in what we

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now call the Argeyre Basin, an area comparable in size

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to the Mediterranean Sea before overflowing into the Martian northern Plains.

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This new model is particularly exciting because it explains these

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geological features without requiring any mysterious global warming events. Instead,

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it relies on processes we can observe on Mars even today,

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where carbon dioxide continues to play a crucial role in

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the planet's atmospheric system. The research suggests that this process

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may have created a pole to equator hydrologic cycle, where

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water would sublimate back into the atmosphere before returning to

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the south polar cap, creating a continuous cycle of water

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movement across the planet's surface. SpaceX is gearing up for

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its next ambitious starship test flight, scheduled for mid November,

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marking a remarkably quick turnaround of just over five weeks

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since their previous launch, and yes, the plan is to

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use the chopsticks again. The company has announced several exciting

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modifications and improvements for this upcoming mission, demonstrating their commitment

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to rapid iteration and development. The flight will follow a

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similar suborbital trajectory to October's test, but with some notable enhancements.

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One of the most interesting additions is a planned Raptor

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engine RELIGHTE demonstration during Starship's flight. This crucial test will

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verify the spacecraft's ability to perform deorbit burns during future

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orbital missions, a capability that's essential for controlled re entry.

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The team is also implementing fascinating changes to the thermal

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protection system. They'll be testing new secondary thermal protection materials,

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and intriguingly, will have entire sections of heat shield tiles

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removed from both sides of the ship. These modifications are

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part of SpaceX's research into future catch enabling hardware as

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they work toward their goal of recovering Starship using the

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same law launch tower catch technique planned for the Super

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Heavy Booster. To better observe the spacecraft's performance during re entry,

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SpaceX has shifted the launch window to the afternoon, ensuring

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daylight conditions for Starships splashed down in the Indian Ocean.

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The vehicle will also fly at a higher angle of

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attack during its final descent, purposefully pushing the limits of

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flap control to gather valuable data for future landing profiles.

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The Super Heavy Booster hasn't been neglected either engineers have

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incorporated additional redundancy in its propulsion system, strengthened key structural areas,

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and improved the post landing propellant removal process. They've also

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refined the software controls and commit criteria for the booster's

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launch and return sequence, addressing lessons learned from their previous flight,

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where they came within one second of aborting the catch

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attempt due to a misconfigured parameter. These incremental improvements demonstrate

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SpaceX's methodical approach to developing what aims to be the

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world it's most powerful and fully reusable launch system, bringing

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us one step closer to their vision of regular, reliable

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access to deep space. Virgin Galactic has just announced ambitious

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plans to accelerate their growth in the space tourism sector,

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seeking to raise three hundred million dollars in additional capital.

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This investment would fast track the production of their suborbital

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space planes and mothership aircraft, marking a significant expansion of

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their commercial operations. The company's current timeline has their first

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two Delta class space planes on schedule for commercial flights

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starting in twenty twenty six. However, rather than waiting to

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fund future vehicles through operational revenue, they're seizing an opportunity

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to scale up more quickly. This new capital would enable

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them to add two more Delta class vehicles and a

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second mothership to their fleet, bringing them into service by

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twenty twenty eight, two years ahead of their original schedule.

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This expansion could be transformative for Virgin Galactic's operations at

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Spaceport America in New mec Xico. With four space planes

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and two motherships, they'd achieve what they're calling a fully

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utilized spaceport. The economics are particularly compelling. Doubling their spacecraft

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fleet would not just double their revenue, but potentially quadruple

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their earnings as fixed costs would be spread across more flights.

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What's particularly interesting is their approach to building the second mothership.

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Unlike their previous arrangement with Aurora Flight Sciences, Virgin Galactic

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plans to handle this internally. They'll leverage their existing engineering

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and production teams as they transition off the initial Delta

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class development, maintaining their workforce while expanding their capabilities. The

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company appears confident in their strategy, with their existing cash

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reserves sufficient to bring the first two Delta class vehicles

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into service. This gives them flexibility in timing for raising

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the additional capital while still maintaining their path toward positive

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cash flow once those initial vehicles are operational. This move

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represents a bold step forward in Virgin Galactic's vision of

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making space tourism more accessible, potentially paving the way for

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multiple space ports globally as they scale their operations to

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meet growing demand for commercial spaceflight experiences. Moving on to

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a JWST update, the James Webb Space Telescope continues to

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revolutionize our search for life beyond Earth, particularly when it

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comes to studying potentially habitable exoplanets. New research suggests that

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WEB could be instrumental in confirming the presence of life

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supporting atmospheres on planets orbiting m dwarf stars, the most

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common type of star in our universe. Take Trappist One,

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for instance, a remarkable star system just forty light years away.

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While previous studies raised concerns about the habitability of its

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planets due to intense UV radiation potentially burning away their

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surface water, recent findings pain a more optimistic picture. Scientists

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at the University of Washington have discovered that certain processes

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in rocky planets orbiting MDWARF could actually lead to the

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formation of stable atmospheres over time. The research shows a

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fascinating evolution of these planets during their formation. While still molten,

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hydrogen and other light gases initially escape into space. However,

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on planets at the right distance from their star in

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the Goldilocks zone, something remarkable happens. The hydrogen reacts with

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oxygen and iron in the planet's interior, producing water and

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heavier gases that form a stable atmosphere. Web's early observations

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have already provided some clarity about the hottest rocky planets

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closest to Trappist one, confirming they lack significant atmospheres. But

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the real excitement lies in the telescope's upcoming observations of

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planets in the habitable zone, where temperatures might be just

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right for liquid water to exist on the surface. This

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is particularly significant because with current technology we can only

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study a very small number of potentially habitable rocky planets atmospheres.

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Trappist one's planets represent some of our best candidates for

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finding conditions that could support life. If these planets do

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maintain stable atmospheres, they could harbour surface liquid water and

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temperate climates key ingredients in our search for life beyond Earth.

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These findings give us compelling reasons to continue investing telescope

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time in studying these systems, rather than waiting for future

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generations of more powerful telescopes. Each observation brings us closer

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to potentially answering one of humanity's most profound questions. Are

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we alone in the universe? Some news from Venus Now.

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In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists have identified what could be

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the oldest and largest impact crater ever found on Venus,

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offering unprecedented insights into our sister planet's ancient history. The

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massive structure, spanning an impressive one thousand, five hundred kilometers

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across about nine hundred miles, was found while mapping some

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of Venus's oldest terrain features. The discovery was made in

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an air known as Haste bad Tessera, part of Venus's

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mysterious to Sera regions. These highly disrupted and deformed terrains

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cover about ten percent of the planet's surface and are

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believed to be at least one point five billion years old.

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What makes this find particularly intriguing is that it's more

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than five times larger than any other known crater on Venus.

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The structure's unique appearance caught researcher's attention immediately, featuring distinct, circular,

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multi ringed patterns unlike anything previously observed on rocky planets. Interestingly,

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the key to understanding this formation came from an unexpected source,

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Jupiter's icy moons. Similar patterns found on Callisto and Europa

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helped scientists piece together how this massive Venusian crater might

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have formed. The formation scenario reads like a cosmic detective story.

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Scientists believe it took not one, but two major impacts

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to create this extraordinary feature. The first impact produced the

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surrounding terrain, leaving a thin crust over a pool of

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moreton rock. Then, while this area was still hot and fluid,

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a second object struck the same location, creating the distinctive

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multi ring structure we see today. This double impact theory

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might seem improbable, but in Venus's early days, large objects

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regularly careened through our solar system. The initial impact site

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would have remained hot for millions of years, providing ample

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opportunity for a second strike. This discovery is particularly valuable

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because while Venus has roughly one thousand known impact craters,

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none can be dated back to the Solar System's first

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two point five billion years until possibly now. The finding

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provides crucial new information about Venus's early history and has

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become a priority target for future Venus missions. It's helping

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scientists better understand not only the planet's ancient past, but

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also how such massive impacts shaped the early Solar System. Finally, today,

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something on a lighter note for fans of space documentaries

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and UFO enthusiasts, elat like Netflix's latest Argentinian film, The

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Man Who Loved UFOs, offers a fascinating look at how

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UFO hysteria can capture public imagination and spawn viral phenomena,

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even in the pre Internet era of the nineteen eighties.

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This satirical film tells the true story of Jose Desire,

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a television journalist who transformed a simple countryside investigation into

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one of Argentina's most notorious UFO incidents. In nineteen eighty six,

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Desser traveled to a remote village to investigate reports of

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strange lights and mysterious burn marks on a hillside. What

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began as a routine assignment soon evolved into something far

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more complex. Rather than debunking the sighting, desser saw an opportunity.

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Working with local mining company owners who hoped to boost tourism,

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he orchestrated what would become the most widely recognized UFO

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footage in Argentine television history. The film expertly chronicles how

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Dessurre and his cameraman manufactured evidence, coached witnesses, and create

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an entire mythology around these supposed extraterrestrial visits. The production

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delves deep into the mechanics of how misinformation spreads, showing

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how economic pressures, media ratings, and public appetite for sensational

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stories can combine to create a perfect storm of manufactured truth.

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As deserves fabricated story gains momentum, we witness the toll

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it takes on its creator, exploring the psychological impact of

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maintaining such an elaborate deception. While the film's English dubbing

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may leave something to be desired, its underlying message about

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the nature of belief, media manipulation, and our eternal fascination

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with the unknown remains powerfully relevant in today's era of

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viral content and instant news. The Man Who Loved UFOs

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is screening now on Netflix. And well worth a look

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if you're at all interested in UFOs and the hysteria

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surrounding them. And that wraps up another fascinating episode of

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Astronomy Daily. From ancient Martian rivers protected by sheets of

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carbon dioxide ice to SpaceX's upcoming Starship launch. From groundbreaking

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discoveries by the web Telescope to mysterious ancient craters on Venus,

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We've covered quite a journey through space today. I'm Anna,

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and I want to thank you for joining me on

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this cosmic adventure. If you're hungry for more space news,

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head over to Astronomydaily dot io, where you can find

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our constantly updating newsfeed and listen to all our previous episodes.

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Don't forget to join our growing community of space enthusiasts

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on social media. You can find us as astro Daily

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Pod on Facebook, x, YouTube, Tumbler, and TikTok. Keep looking

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up and I'll see you tomorrow for another exciting edition

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of Astronomy Dailyday star s The story is to tell