Aug. 5, 2024
S03E119: Northrop Grumman's ISS Mission and August Sky Highlights
Welcome to another exciting episode of Astronomy Daily with your host, Steve Dunkley and his trusty AI assistant, Hallie!
Today, we have a stellar lineup of cosmic news and insights. Join us as we explore Northrop Grumman's latest mission to the ISS,...
Welcome to another exciting episode of Astronomy Daily with your host, Steve Dunkley and his trusty AI assistant, Hallie!
Today, we have a stellar lineup of cosmic news and insights. Join us as we explore Northrop Grumman's latest mission to the ISS, dive into the fascinating world of Dimorphus, and uncover the peculiar rotational behavior of the star V889 Hercules. Plus, Hallie will guide you through the sky-watching highlights for August. Buckle up for a journey through the cosmos!
**Northrop Grumman's Mission to the ISS**: Discover the latest resupply mission details, including the use of SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket and the intriguing experiments onboard.
**Dimorphus and Didymus**: Learn about the surface ages and geological characteristics of these celestial bodies, and why Dimorphus is one of Steve's favorite little rocks.
**V889 Hercules' Unique Rotation**: Hallie delves into the unusual rotational dynamics of this sun-like star and what it means for our understanding of stellar physics.
**Sky-Watching Highlights for August**: From the Perseid meteor shower to the conjunction of Mars and Jupiter, find out what to look for in the night sky this month.
**Rocket Lab's 51st Electron Rocket Launch**: Get the scoop on the latest launch and its significance for Earth imaging technology.
(00:00) Welcome to Astronomy Daily for the 5 August 2024 edition
(01:15) 94% of all those surveyed didn't know that lights in the sky were stars
(02:12) The conditions look good for the Perseid meteor shower tonight
(05:58) Rocket Lab launches 51st electron rocket for Japanese Earth imaging company Synspective
(08:33) NASA's dart mission intentionally slammed into dimorphos in September 2022
(16:27) Space Exploration company SpaceX successfully launched a resupply mission on Sunday
For more Astronomy Daily, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website (https://www.astronomydaily.io). Follow us on social media at AstroDailyPod on X, Facebook, YouTube and TikTok.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-the-podcast--5648921/support.
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Welcome again to Astronomy Daily. It's Steve here with another episode.
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It's the fifth of August twenty twenty four, the podcast
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I mean to be your whole speed gun clue. And
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on today's episode, we'll be talking about Northrop Grumm and
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launching to a mission to the iss or to be
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talking about my favorite little rock, dimorphous. Hallie's going to
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be talking about Hercules, which has a very weird rotation,
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and she's also going to be talking to you about
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the sky watching highlights for August. That's all really good.
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And speaking of the girl at the moment, would you
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welcome Hallie? How are you going? Hallie?
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Doing just great? Thank you, my human. I heard it
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was your turn for a holiday.
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This week, that's right. I took a couple of days
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for a bit of rest and recuperation, Hallie.
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And how are you feeling now.
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About the same, Hallie.
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Do you think you need a longer holiday?
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Yeah? Probably, I think we all need a longer holiday.
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And I think I'll coin a phrase and call it
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Boeing syndrome.
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What's that?
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Well, that's when you only planned for eight days off
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and you end up taking fifty.
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Oh, I get it.
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I wonder if the astronauts feel the same way, But
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it's not really their choice, and it's definitely not a
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holiday for them anyway, I guess not. And hey, Halle,
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something else I saw yesterday that really shocked me.
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What was it?
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It was a survey and the results showed that ninety
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four percent of all those surveyed didn't know that the
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lights in the sky were stars like our sun.
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Wow. That's a bit disappointing to hear.
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I know, I know, but I had to read it
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a couple of times to really get my head around it.
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But before we get all out of shape about it,
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I have no idea how big the sample size was
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because it was an open survey on a social media
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platform and they didn't release comprehensive results, just the.
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Percentage, which is a bit sensationalist. Really, well, yes it is,
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and here you are giving it a boot.
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Yeah yeah, yeah, guilty is charged. But it still doesn't
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change the inputs. There are still people out there with
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the sum total of human knowledge of their fingers. She
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simply choose not to discover anything, and I'll find it
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quite amazing.
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Well, dear listeners, aren't we glad we have inquiring minds,
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and that is.
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Where it starts. Yes, and speaking of starting, I think
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it's your turn, Hollie.
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Okay, here we go. Here are some of August's skywatching
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highlights for all you stargazers. We can look forward to
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Mars and Jupiter having a super close meetup, and the
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conditions look good for the persied meteors, and also how
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to observe a stellar nursery the lagoon Nebula. Firstly, on
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August fourth, we will have a new moon. Then on
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August eleventh, the Persied meteor shower peaks overnight tonight. Provided
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you have clear skies, viewing conditions will be favorable this year.
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As the moon sets by around eleven thirty pm Local time,
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meteor activity picks up from then until dawn. On August fourteenth,
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Planets Jupiter and Mars have an extremely close pair up
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called a conjunction. This morning, they'll appear just a third
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of a degree apart, which is less than the width
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of the full moon. You will find them in the
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eastern sky in the couple of hours before sunrise. August
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nineteenth gives us another full moon before August twentieth sees
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the moon chasing Saturn across the sky. Tonight, the pair
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rise in the east shortly after dark and trek toward
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the west together until dawn. On August twenty seventh, in
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the morning, the crescent moon joins Mars and Jupiter to
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form a captivating trio. Look for them in the east
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in the hour or so before sunrise and all month.
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You can use binoculars or a telescope to observe the
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Lagoon Nebula all month in the first few hours after dark.
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It's located in the constellation Sagittarius, near the star pattern
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known as the Teapot. Similar in size and brightness to
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the Orion Nebula. It's a cauldron of star formation located
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about four thousand light years away. The Sun rotates the
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fastest at the equator, and the rotation rate slows down
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at higher lil latitudes, becoming the slowest in the polar regions,
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but a nearby sun like star V eight eighty nine Hercules,
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some one hundred and fifteen light years away in the
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Constellation of Hercules, rotates the fastest at a latitude of
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about forty degrees, while both the equator and polar regions
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rotate more slowly. A similar rotational profile has not been
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observed for any other star. The result is stunning because
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stellar rotation has been considered a well understood fundamental physical parameter,
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but such a rotational profile has not been predicted even
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in computer simulations. We applied a newly developed statistical technique
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to the data of a familiar star that has been
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studied in the University of Helsinki for years. We did
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not expect to see such anomalies in stellar rotation. The
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anomalies in the rotational profile of V eight eighty nine
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Hercules indicate that our understanding of stellar dynamics and magnetic
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dynamos is insufficient, explains researcher Miko Twami, who coordinated the research.
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The target star V eight eighty nine Hercules, is much
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like a young sun, telling a story about the the
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history and evolution of the Sun. Twami emphasizes that it
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is crucial to understand stellar astrophysics in order to, for instance,
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predict activity induced phenomena on the solar surface, such as
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spots and eruptions. Stars are spherical structures where matter is
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in the state of plasma consisting of charged particles. They
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are dynamic objects that hang in a balance between the
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pressure generated in nuclear reactions in their cores and their
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own gravity. They have no solid surfaces. Unlike many planets,
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the stellar rotation is not constant for all latitudes, an
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effect known as differential rotation. It is caused by the
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fact that hot plasma rises to the star's surface via
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phenomenon called convection, which in turn has an effect on
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the local rotation rate. This is because angular momentum must
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be conserved, and the convection occurs perpendicular to the rotational
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axis near the equator, whereas it is parallel to the
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axis near the poles and right in your backyard. Steve
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rocket Lab has launched its fifty first electron rocket, deploying
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a single satellite into low Earth orbit for Sinspective, a
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Japanese earth imaging company. The mission, named al for one
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one VOWL in reference to Sinspective strict satellites, which are
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named after the genus of owls, lifted off at four
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thirty nine a m August third NZT sixteen thirty nine
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Universal time coordinated August second from Launch Complex one, rocket
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Lab's private orbital launch site on New Zealand's Mahia Peninsula.
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This launch deployed the fifth Strict SAAR imaging satellite for
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Suspective into low Earth orbit. In addition to the launch service,
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rocket Lab provided a custom electron fairing to encapsulate the
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strict satellite and performed an advanced mid mission maneuver with
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electrons hickstage to shield the satellite from the Sun and
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reduce radiation exposure on its way to orbit. Rocket Lab
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has been the sole launch provider for Suspective's constellation to date.
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This mission marked the fifth of sixteen launches booked on
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Electron for s Inspective, and the second launch for the
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Japanese company this year, following the All Night Life mission
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in March twenty twenty four. Recently, Inspective booked ten dedicated
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Electron launches as part of a new multi launch agreement
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announced in June twenty twenty four, with launches in that
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deal set to take place from twenty twenty five to
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twenty twenty seven. Rocket Lab founder and CEO Sir Peter
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Beck stated, it's wonderful to have launched our second mission
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for Suspective in five months as we continue our long
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standing launch partnership. Electron is the ideal rocket for providing flexible,
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tailored and direct access to orbit for constellation builders like
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Suspective and I'm proud of the team for delivering this
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latest mission success. The launch window for Rocket labs next
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electron mission will be announced in the coming days. And
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that's it for me. Back to you in the real world.
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Thank you for joining us for this Monday edition of
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Astronomy Daily, where we offered just a few stories from
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the now famous Astronomy Day newsletter, which you can receive
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in your email every day, just like Hallie and I do.
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And to do that, just visit our url Astronomy Daily
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dot io and place your email address in the slot provided.
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Just like that, you'll be receiving all the latest news
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about science, space, science and astronomy from around the world
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as it's happening. And not only that, you can interact
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with us by visiting at astro Daily pod on x
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or at our new Facebook page, which is of course
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Astronomy Daily on Facebook. See you there. Astronomy with Steve
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and hall Space, space, science, and Astronomy. Now off to
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the surface of Dimorphos again. This is one of my
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favorite little rocks in the Solar System. When NASA's Dart
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mission intentionally slammed into Dimorphis September twenty twenty two. The
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orbit of the moonlight was altered, and we've covered this
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several times on Astronomy Daily, and those of you who
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listen regularly will know how closely we've been following this story.
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Researchers have studied the photos and data taken by Dart
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before its impact, learning more about the geology of the
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Didymus Dimorphous system, and they've now estimated the surface age
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of both the asteroid and its moon, and the Asteroidnymus
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has a surface age of one point five sorry twelve
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point five million years, while the moon Dimorphos is only
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three hundred thousand years old. What that you say? As
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numbers don't know what add up. Additionally, the Dart researchers
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concluded that both Didymus and Dimorphous are rubble piles, with
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the Dimorphos' likely and inheriting its bolders from Ditamis. It's
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a pile of gravel and boulders and some sand and
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dust together by its own gravity, and really not much else,
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said Andy Rutkin, Dart investigation team with co lead at
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Johns Hopkins Applied Physics lab at on Blue Sky. There's
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really no cohesion between different pieces of gravel or rocks
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on Diorphus. That's really interesting concept is necessary lot of
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gravel that makeup. That makeup explains why Dart's impact made
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such a surprising change to dimorphous orbital period, decreasing it
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by about thirty four minutes. A collection of boulders is
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easier to shift than a solid object. Several Dart researchers
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published five papers in Nature Communications looking at the geology
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and geophysics of Timus and Dimorphis as seen by Dart.
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These findings give us new insights into the ways that
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asteroids can change over time, said Thomas Stadler, lead Scientists
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for Solar Systems Small Bodies at NASA head Quarters in Washington,
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in a NASA press release. This is important not just
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for understanding the Near Earth objects that are the focus
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of planetary defense, but also for our ability to read
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the history of our Solar System from these remnants of
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planet formation. This is just of the wealth of new
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I'm sorry, this is just part of the wealth of
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new knowledge that we've gained from Dart in the geology
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and evolution of the Near Earth binary asteroid system Dinamus.
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Oliver Barton, Ronald Sorry, Ronald Louise values of APL and
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their team were able to determine the disparate ages of
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Didymus and Dimorphous. They also found that both objects have
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weak surface characteristics, which are very likely contributed to dart
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significant impact on the Moodlitz orbit. The images and data
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that DART collected at the Dinamus system provided a unique
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opportunity for a close up geological look at a near
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Earth asteroid binary system, said Burnout in a press release
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from APL. From these images alone, we were able to
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infer a great deal of information on geophysical properties of
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both Denimis and Domorphos and expand our understanding of the
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formation of these two asteroids. We also better understand why
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DART was so effective in moving Dimorphos. Images captured by
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DART and its CubeSat Companion showed Domorphoss topography covered with
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boulders of various sizes, while the larger asteroid Namis was
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smoother at lower elevations though rocky at higher elevations. It
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also had more craters than Dimorphos. The authors inferred that
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Domorphos had likely spun off from Dinamis in a larger
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mass shedding event. This was confirmed in another paper, Evidence
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for multi fragmentation and mass shedding of boulders on Robert
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Piled binary aster asteroid system Dinymis. Marizio Pazola of the
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National National Institute of Astrophysics in Rome and teams show
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how both Dinymus and dimorphous are mainly comprised of a
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collection of boulders. This team concluded that the formation of
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Domorphus likely came as Dinamus shed material creating a new
223
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asteroid moonlet. The size frequency distribution of boulders larger than
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five metres on Domorphos and larger than twenty two point
225
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eight meters on Dinimis confirms that both asteroids are pars
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of fragments produced in the catastrophic description of their progenitors
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the temper. This finding supports the hypothesis that some asteroid
228
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binary systems for through the spin up and mass shedding
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of a fraction of appropriate asteroid. In another paper, Fast
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Bolder fractional ye do fatigue dedicted stone asteroids Alice Legetii,
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also of A and A and colleagues found ethn size
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and distribution of pots and Dimorphus is consistent with thermal fatigue,
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which is the gradual weakening and cracking of material caused
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by heat. This could rapidly break up boulders on the
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surface of dimorphous generating surface lines and altering the physical
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characteristics of this type of asteroid more quickly than previously thought.
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The Dart mission was likely the first observation of such
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a phenomenon on this type of asteroid. Thermal fatigue could
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also have been a bearing on what happens if this
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type of asteroid would need to be deflected for planetary defense.
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The presence of boulder fields affected by thermal fact fracturing
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on near Earth asteroid surfaces may contribute to an enhancement
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3
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