Jan. 22, 2025

FRB Enigma, Supersonic Exoplanet Winds, and China's Space Tech Breakthroughs: S04E19

FRB Enigma, Supersonic Exoplanet Winds, and China's Space Tech Breakthroughs: S04E19

Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S04E19
Welcome to another thrilling episode of Astronomy Daily, your go-to source for the latest in space science and exploration. I'm your host, Anna, and today we're venturing into some of the most captivating stories...

Season 4
Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S04E19
Welcome to another thrilling episode of Astronomy Daily, your go-to source for the latest in space science and exploration. I'm your host, Anna, and today we're venturing into some of the most captivating stories from across the cosmos.
Highlights:
- Mysterious Fast Radio Burst: Discover the enigmatic FRB 20240209A, found in an unexpected region of an ancient elliptical galaxy, challenging our understanding of these cosmic phenomena.
- Supersonic Winds on Exoplanet: Astronomers have detected record-breaking winds on the exoplanet WASP127b, reaching an astonishing 33,000 kilometers per hour, offering new insights into alien weather systems.
- Oxygen Production in Space: China's Tiangong Space Station achieves a breakthrough in artificial photosynthesis, paving the way for sustainable long-term space missions.
- European Space Launch Milestone: German startup Rocket Factory Augsburg secures a historic license for vertical launches from mainland Europe, marking a new era in European space capability.
- Spinning Black Holes: New research reveals supermassive black holes are spinning faster than previously thought, reshaping our understanding of their growth and evolution.
- Lunar Power Innovations: Chinese researchers propose using laser wireless power transmission to sustain lunar missions during the long, dark lunar nights.
For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, Tumblr, and TikTok. Share your thoughts and connect with fellow space enthusiasts. Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.
Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.
00:00 - Astronomy Daily brings you the latest developments in space science and exploration
00:52 - Scientists have made a fascinating discovery that challenges our understanding of fast radio bursts
03:07 - Scientists have detected the fastest planetary winds ever measured on distant exoplanet
05:41 - China has successfully demonstrated the world's first in orbit Artificial photosynthesis technology
09:55 - Astronomers find supermassive black holes are spinning much faster than previously thought
12:02 - Chinese researchers have unveiled an innovative solution to lunar keeping spacecraft powered
✍️ Episode References
Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment
https://chime-experiment.ca/
Northwestern University
https://www.northwestern.edu/
European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope
https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/
Tiangong Space Station
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiangong_space_station
Rocket Factory Augsburg
https://www.rfa.space/
SaxaVord Spaceport
https://www.saxavord.com/
Sloan Digital Sky Survey
https://www.sdss.org/
James Webb Space Telescope
https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/
Astronomy Daily
https://www.astronomydaily.io/


Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-the-podcast--5648921/support.
WEBVTT

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Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your daily dose of the most

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exciting developments in space science and exploration. I'm your host, Anna,

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and today we've got an absolutely packed show with stories

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from across the cosmos. We'll be diving into a mysterious

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fast radio burst that's challenging everything we thought we knew

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about these enigmatic signals, and we'll explore record breaking supersonic

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winds on a distant exoplanet that would make Earth's strongest

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hurricanes look like a gentle breeze. We'll also look at

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some groundbreaking achievements in space technology, including a remarkable breakthrough

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in oxygen production aboard China's space station and a historic

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first for European space launches. Plus, we've got fascinating new

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discoveries about rapidly spinning black holes and innovative plans for

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powering future lunar missions. So strap in as we embark

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on this cosmic journey through the latest and most captivating

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space news of the day. Scientists have made a fascinating

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discovery that's challenging our understanding of one of space's most

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mysterious phenomena, Fast radio bursts FRBs, a newly detected burst

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designated FRB two zero two four zero two zero nine A,

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has been found in a place we wouldn't expect, on

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the outskirts of an ancient, dead elliptical galaxy. These FRBs

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are incredibly energetic pulses of radio light that flash across

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the universe for just milliseconds. Since their first discovery in

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two thousand and seven, we've detected over one thousand of them,

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but this one is special. Until now, we've only found

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FRBs in young, active galaxies where stars are still being born.

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What makes this discovery particularly intriguing is that this FRB

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was detected in a galaxy that's eleven point three billion

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years old, practically a cosmic senior citizen. Not only that,

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but it's located in an unusual spot, about one hundred

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thirty thousand light years from the galaxy center, in a

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region where very few stars exist. The leading theory has

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been that FRBs come from magnetars highly magnetized neutron stars

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formed when massive stars die in spectacular supernova explosions, but

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this new discovery doesn't fit that explanation. The galaxy where

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this FRB was found is simply too old and inactive

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to support the formation of new magnetars through this process.

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The burst was first picked up in February twenty twenty

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four by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment, and it

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wasn't just a one time event. Between February and July,

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it pulsed twenty one more times, giving scientists plenty of

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opportunities to study its behavior. This discovery suggests we might

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need to rethink our theories about FRBs, As Northwestern Universities

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one five Fong puts it, just when we think we

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understand an astrophysical phenomenon, the universe throws us a curveball.

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It's possible there could be a whole subclass of FRBs

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associated with older systems that were only now beginning to understand.

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At just two billion light years from Earth, this FRB

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is giving us a front row seat to what might

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be an entirely new cat category of cosmic phenomena, reminding

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us once again that the universe still has plenty of

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surprises in store for us. And here's another surprising discovery

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for you. Hold on to your telescopes because astronomers have

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just discovered something extraordinary on the distant exoplanet WASP one

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hundred twenty seven B. Using the European Southern Observatories very

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large telescope in Chile, they've detected the fastest planetary winds

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ever measured, and we're talking about speeds that make Earth's

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most violent storms look like gentle breezes. These incredible winds

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are whipping around WASP one hundred twenty seven bees equator

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at a mind boggling thirty three thousand kilometers per hour.

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To put that in perspective, that's nearly six times faster

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than the planet's rotation speed. Even Neptune, which held the

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previous record for fastest winds in our Solar system, only

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manages speeds of about one thousand, eight hundred kilometers per hour.

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WASP one hundred twenty seven B itself is quite the

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fascinating world. Located about five hundred light years away. It's

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slightly larger than Jupiter but much less dense, earning it

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the nickname Puffy Planet. What makes these observations even more

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remarkable is that scientists have detected a clear pattern in

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these supersonic winds. One side of the atmosphere is racing

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toward us, while the other side is moving away at

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the same incredible speed. The research team's observations have revealed

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more than just wind speeds. They've confirmed the presence of water, vapor,

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and carbon monoxide in the planet's atmosphere, and discovered that

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its poles are cooler than the rest of the planet.

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There's even a slight temperature difference between its morning and

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evening sides, showing that this distant world has complex weather

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patterns similar to what we see in our own Solar System.

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This discovery is particularly significant because until recently, astronomers could

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only measure basic characteristics of exoplanets, like their mass and radius. Now,

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thanks to advanced instruments like those on the Very Large Telescope,

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we can actually map the weather on these distant worlds

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and analyze their atmospheres in detail. This is helping us

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better understand not just how these planets formed, but potentially

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giving us insights into the origins of our own Solar System.

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What's particularly interesting is that this kind of detailed observation

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can currently only be done from ground based observatories. Even

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our most advanced space telescopes don't yet have the velocity

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precision needed for these measurements, but with new facilities like

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the Extremely Large Telescope under construction. We're looking forward to

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exploring even finer details of these alien weather patterns, and

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maybe even studying the atmospheres of smaller rocky planets. Meanwhile,

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a bit closer to Earth, the science goes on in

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a groundbreaking development aboard China's Tiangong space station, the Shenzo

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nineteen crew has successfully demonstrated the world's first in orbit

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artificial photosynthesis technology. This remarkable achievement isn't just about growing

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plants in space. It's about creating oxygen and rocket fuel

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components right there in orbit, marking a significant leap forward

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in our ability to sustain long term space missions. The

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experiments took place in a relatively simple drawer shaped device

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where semiconductor catalysts work their magic by converting carbon dioxide

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and water into oxygen and ethylene, a hydrocarbon that can

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be used to create spacecraft propellants. What makes this particularly

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impressive is that, unlike conventional methods that require high temperatures

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and pressure, this process works efficiently at room temperature and

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standard atmospheric pressure. This innovation could be a game changer

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for space exploration. Currently, the International Space Station relies on

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electrolysis for its oxygen needs a process that consumes about

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one third of the station's total life support energy. While effective,

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this method simply wouldn't be practical for long duration missions

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to the Moon or Mars. The new Chinese technology offers

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a more energy efficient alternative that could help solve one

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of the biggest challenge in space exploration, how to keep

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astronauts breathing without constantly resupplying from Earth. The implications go

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beyond just producing oxygen. The system is cleverly designed to

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be upgraded while in orbit, allowing scientists to test different

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catalysts and reactions. By adjusting the catalyst, they can produce

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various useful products, including methane for propulsion or formic acid

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that could be used to synthesize sugars. This flexibility could

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prove invaluable for future space missions where resources need to

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be carefully managed and recycled. This development positions China at

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the forefront of sustainable space technologies, demonstrating a crucial capability

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that will be essential for humanity's long term presence in

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space as we look toward establishing permanent bases on the

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Moon and eventual missions to Mars. The ability to generate

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essential resources like oxygen and fuel in situ could be

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the key to making these ambitious goals achievable. And some

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news for our European listeners. Europe has just marked a

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historic milestone in its space exploration journey, with German startup

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Rocket Factory Augsburg securing the first ever license for vertical

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rocket launches from mainland Europe. This groundbreaking authorization from the

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UK Civil Aviation Authority allows them to conduct launches from

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the sax of Word Spaceport, located on the remote Shetland

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Islands off Scotland's coast. The license permits up to ten

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launches per calendar year, with a maximum of two launches

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within any given month. This careful regulation emphasizes both public

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safety and environmental impact considerations. For RFA, this isn't just

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a regulatory win, it's a powerful endorsement of their technical

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capabilities and represents a significant shift in European space innovation.

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The company has already made significant progress in their launch preparations,

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though they faced a setback last August when a static

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fire test of their RFA one rockets first stage ended

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in an explosion. However, they're now back on track, focusing

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on building a new first stage equipped with nine helix

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staged combustion engines. The good news is that other crucial components,

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including the second stage, third stage, orbital transfer vehicle and

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the faring are already flight qualified. This development is part

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of a broader emergence of European launch startups, with companies

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from Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom all working to

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develop their own orbital rockets. The Sacks of Word spaceport

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isn't alone either. Similar facilities in Norway and Sweden are

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also preparing to host launches, signaling a new era of

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European space capability. What we're witnessing is nothing less than

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the dawn of a new commercial space age in Europe.

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After decades of relying on launches from French Guiana, Europe

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is finally developing the infrastructure and capability to send rockets

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into orbit from its own soil, marking a significant step

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toward independent access to space. Now our obligatory black hole

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story for the day, and it's a beauty in a

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fast discovery that's reshaping our understanding of the cosmos. Astronomers

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have found that supermassive black holes are spinning much faster

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than we previously believed. This revelation comes from an extensive

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survey conducted by the Sloane Digital Sky Survey's Reverberation Mapping project,

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which looked at black holes spanning billions of years of

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cosmic history. What makes this finding particularly intriguing is that

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these rapid spin rates are telling us something fundamental about

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how these cosmic giants grew over time. The traditional view

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suggested that supermassive black holes primarily got bigger through dramatic

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galaxy mergers. However, these new measurements are painting a very

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different picture. The research team found that black holes from

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about ten billion years ago were spinning particularly fast, faster

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than their more recent counterparts. This suggests that rather than

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growing through violent mergers, these ancient cosmic monsters built up

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their mass more gradually, consuming nearby gas and dust in

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a smooth, controlled manner. It's like watching a graceful dancer

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rather than a chaotic mosh pit. What's even more surprising

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is that when galaxies merge, it actually tends to slow

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down the spin of their central black holes. This helps

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explain why we see a mix of different spin rates

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in more recent times, rather than the more uniform rapid

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spins we observe in the early universe. These findings are

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opening up exciting new directions for black hole research. The

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James Webb Space Telescope is continually discovering more distant supermassive

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black holes for scientists to study, and detailed follow up

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observations will help us better understand how these mysterious objects

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grow and evolved over cosmic time. It's like doing cosmic archaeology,

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piecing together the history of the universe's most enigmatic objects.

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This research challenges our previous assumptions about black hole formation

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and growth, reminding us once again that the universe often

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has surprising ways of doing things that were only just

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beginning to understand. In further Chinese space news, today, Chinese

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researchers have unveiled an innovative solution to one of the

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biggest challenges in lunar exploration, keeping spacecraft powered during the

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long lunar night. They're exploring the possibility of using laser

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wireless power transmission from satellites orbiting the Moon to supply

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energy to surface vehicles and equipment. The Moon's unique rotation

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means that any given location experiences about fourteen days of

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complete darkness, with temperatures plunging to a bone chilling minus

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two hundred degrees celsius. This poses a significant challenge for

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solar powered spacecraft, which need to maintain some level of

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power just to survive these extreme conditions. This laser system

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could be particularly valuable for exploring permanently shadowed craters near

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the lunar poles. These craters, never touched by direct sunlight,

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are thought to contain valuable water ice, a crucial resource

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for future lunar operations. Traditional power solutions like radioisotope generators

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have limited output and are expensive, while nuclear reactors, though powerful,

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bring their own set of safety and complexity concerns. The

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concept works by using laser beams to transmit power wirelessly

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from orbiting satellites to receivers on the lunar surface, which

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then convert the light into usable electricity. While promising, the

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technology still faces several hurdles, including improving efficiency, managing transmission ranges,

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and solving various operational challenges. This research ties into China's

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ambitious international Lunar Research Station plans, with missions planned for

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twenty twenty six and twenty twenty eight to explore the

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lunar South Pole. As they work toward establishing a permanent

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presence on the Moon in the twenty thirties. Solving the

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energy supply challenge will be crucial for sustainable lunar exploration

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and development. While the technology is still in development, it

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sense a potentially game changing approach to powering lunar missions,

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offering flexibility and scalability in the vacuum of space. It's

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another step forward in humanity's ongoing efforts to establish a

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lasting presence on our celestial neighbor. Well. That brings us

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to the end of another fascinating episode of Astronomy Daily.

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From mysterious radio bursts to supersonic planetary wins and groundbreaking

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developments in space technology, it's been quite a journey through

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the cosmos today. If you'd like to stay up to

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date with all the latest space and astronomy news, head

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over to our website at Astronomy Daily dot io. There

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you'll find our constantly updating news feed and can catch

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up on all our previous episodes, and don't forget to

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follow us across social media. You can find us as

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astro Daily Pod on Facebook, x YouTube, YouTube, music, Tumbler,

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and TikTok. We love seeing your comments and questions, so

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don't be shy about reaching out. If you're enjoying the show,

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makes sure or you're subscribed wherever you get your podcasts,

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whether that's Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your favorite podcast platform.

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That way, you'll never miss an episode as we continue

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to explore the wonders of space together. This has been

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Anna with Astronomy Daily. Until next time, keep looking up.

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There's always something amazing happening in our universe. Star Star

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Snary