March 27, 2026
Artemis II Crew Lands in Florida — Launch Countdown Is On
Welcome to Astronomy Daily, Season 5, Episode 74 — your daily briefing on the most exciting developments in space and astronomy, hosted by Anna and Avery. IN TODAY'S EPISODE • Artemis II crew arrives at Kennedy Space Center — launch just 5 days away • Webb and Hubble combine for the most detailed Saturn portrait ever captured • New research reveals Jupiter's lightning may be up to a million times more powerful than Earth's • Japan's XRISM telescope solves a 50-year X-ray mystery surrounding naked-eye star Gamma Cassiopeiae • Cornell astronomers publish a shortlist of 45 exoplanets most likely to host alien life • The Isar Aerospace Spectrum scrub mystery is solved — it was an unauthorised boat STORY SOURCES & LINKS Story 1 — Artemis II: NASA Kennedy Space Center / NASA.gov https://www.nasa.gov/blogs/missions/2026/03/25/nasa-teams-continue-artemis-ii-preparations-at-launch-pad/ https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/artemis-ii/nasa-sets-coverage-for-artemis-ii-moon-mission/ Story 2 — Saturn Images: NASA Science / Scientific American https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasa-webb-hubble-share-most-comprehensive-view-of-saturn-to-date/ Story 3 — Jupiter Lightning: Berkeley News / AGU Advances https://news.berkeley.edu/2026/03/23/lightning-bolts-on-jupiter-pack-more-than-100-times-the-power-of-earths-flashes/ Story 4 — Gamma Cassiopeiae: ScienceDaily / Astronomy & Astrophysics https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/03/260325041723.htm Story 5 — 45 Exoplanets: Royal Astronomical Society / ScienceDaily https://ras.ac.uk/news-and-press/research-highlights/best-places-look-alien-life-scientists-identify-45-earth-worlds Story 6 — Isar Aerospace: NASASpaceFlight.com / Bloomberg https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2026/03/isar-onward-and-upward/ CONNECT WITH US • Website: astronomydaily.io • Twitter/X: @AstroDailyPod • Instagram: @AstroDailyPod • TikTok: @AstroDailyPod • YouTube: @AstroDailyPod • Tumblr: @AstroDailyPod • Network: Bitesz.com Podcast Network
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WEBVTT
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Hello, and welcome to Astronomy Daily.
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I'm Anna and I'm Avery. It is Friday, March twenty seventh,
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twenty twenty six, and our producer has given us an
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absolutely stacked show. Today.
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We are literally five days from a crew of four
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astronauts launching around the Moon for the first time in
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over fifty years, and today those four people touched down
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in Florida.
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We've also got the most detailed look at Saturn ever,
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captured lightning on Jupiter that makes Earth storms look like
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a birthday sparkler, and a fifty year stellar mystery finally
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cracked open by a Japanese space telescope.
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Plus, we're narrowing down the shortlist of exoplanets most likely
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to harbor alien life. And we have a juicy update
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on that dramatic rocket scrub from yesterday.
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Boiler, it was a boat.
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It was absolutely a boat. Let's get into it. Let's
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go then, all right, story one and Avery, this one
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is really happening today as we record the art Miss
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two crew is flying into Kennedy's Space Center.
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Commander Reid Wiseman, pilot Victor Glover, mission specialist Christina coach
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All from NASA and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen,
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four people, one rocket, and they are now officially on site.
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NASA Administrator Jarrett Isaacman and Canadian Space Agency President Lisa
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Campbell were there to greet them on the tarmac this afternoon.
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The crew also answered questions from the media.
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Now, just to set the scene, the SLS rocket and
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the Orion capsule are already sitting on launch Pad thirty
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nine B at Kennedy Space Center. They rolled out on
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March twentieth. Everything is in place. The target launch window
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opens Wednesday, April first, at six twenty four pm Eastern Time.
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And April first is not a joke. This is genuinely happening,
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a two hour window on the first, and if they
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need it, opportunities continue through April sixth.
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The crew has been in quarantine since March eighteenth, keeping
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their head health locked down. Before this ten day mission.
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They spent the quarantine reviewing procedures at Johnson Space Center
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in Houston, Texas, and now the rest of the countdown
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happens here in Florida.
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This mission is going to take them farther than Earth
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than any human has been since Apollo thirteen in nineteen seventy,
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about five thousand miles beyond the Moon. It won't land,
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but it will swing around the back of the Moon
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on a free return trajectory and come screaming back to
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Earth at around twenty five thousand miles per hour.
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Victor Glover will become the first person of color, Christina
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Coach the first woman, and Jeremy Hanson the first non
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American to travel beyond Low Earth orbit. And for Canadians listening,
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Jeremy Hanson arrives in Florida today for what is going
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to be the ride of his life.
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We are going to be covering this story right through launch.
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Stick with US Astronomy Daily is your front row seat
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to the most exciting human spacelight moment in a generation.
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Dory two, and this one is visually stunning. NASA has
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released a new set of Saturn images and they are
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genuinely the most comprehensive view of Saturn ever created.
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This is a collaboration between two of humanity's greatest telescopes,
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the James Web Space Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope. Now,
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these two observatories were launched thirty one years apart. Hubble
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went up in nineteen ninety web in late twenty twenty one.
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But when you combine their observations you get something extraordinary.
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Hubble observes Saturn invisible light in August twenty twenty four,
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capturing all those familiar golden cloud bands and the iconic rings.
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You get the colors, the subtle atmospheric variations, the sheer
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beauty of the thing.
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Then Webb looked at it in infrared in November twenty
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twenty four, just fourteen weeks later, and the picture completely transforms.
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The rings glow brilliantly because they're made of highly reflective
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water ice. You can see deep atmospheric storms, jet streams,
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and a mysterious gray green glow at the poles that
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scientists think may be linked to auroral activity or hide
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altitude aerosols.
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One of the most poignant details in this release, Saturn's
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famous hexagonal jet stream at the north pole is just
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barely visible in these images, and sciences say this could
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be among the last clear views of it for decades,
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because the pole is heading into a long winter darkness
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that won't lift until the twenty forties.
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NASA describes what the two telescopes together can do as
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slicing through Saturn's atmosphere at multiple altitudes. Like peeling back
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the layers of an onion, Hubble covers the upper clouds
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web dives deeper into the chemistry. Together, they give researchers
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a three dimensional picture of how this whole system works.
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And Webb's wide angle view captured six of Saturn's moons
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in the same frame, including Titan, which is massive and hazy,
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and Enceladus, that little world with a subservice ocean that
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astrobiologists find so tantalizing.
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We will link to these images in the show notes.
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They are genuinely worth five minutes of your time just
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to look at them. Saturn is out there looking absolutely magnificent.
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Story three and I want everyone to picture the most
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dramatic lightning storm you have ever seen on Earth, A
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real cracker thunder rattling the windows. Now imagine that but
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a million times more powerful.
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That is potentially what is happening in Jupiter's atmosphere, according
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to new research from the University of California, Berkeley published
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this week in the journal AGU Advances.
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The study used data from NASA's Juno spacecraft, which has
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been orbiting Jupiter since twenty sixteen. Specifically, it's microwave radiometer.
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That instrument was designed for studying the planet's atmosphere, but
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it turns out it's also brilliant at detecting the radio
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signatures of lightning.
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The clever bit was that the team focused on a
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period in twenty twenty one and twenty twenty two when
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a normally storm filled belt on Jupiter went unusually quiet.
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That meant JUNO could pinpoint individual isolated storm systems, what
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the researchers call stealth superstorms, and directly measure the power
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of lightning within them.
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The results are remarkable. From six hundred and thirteen detected
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lightning pulses, the power rains from roughly comparable to an
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Earth lightning bolt all the way up to one hundred
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times more powerful. But because of uncertainties and how radio
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frequencies compare across the two planets, some of those bolts
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could be up to a million times stronger than anything
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on Earth.
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And these storms were generating around three lightning flashes per second.
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On one flyover, JUNO detected two hundred and six separate
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microwave pulses in a single pass.
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Lead researcher Michael Wong described it really well On Earth,
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moist air rises because water makes it more buoyant in
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a nitrogen atmosphere. On Jupiter, the atmosphere is mostly hydrogen,
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so moist air is actually heavier and sinks. It takes
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enormous energy to push it upward, and when those storms
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finally break loose, they release all of that stored energy
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in extraordinary ways.
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What I love about this is that the Juno mission
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has been delivering incredible science for a decade now, and
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even as the spacecraft ages, it's still finding ways to
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rewrite our understanding of the Solar System's biggest planet.
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Okay, onto our next story today.
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Story four, and this is one of those stories where
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astronomers get to say we finally did it after fifty years.
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The star in question is Gamma Cassiopeia. If you look
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up at the distinctive W shape of the constellation Cassiopeia
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on a clear night, the middle star of that W
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that's it visible to the naked eye about five hundred
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and fifty light years away, and since nineteen seventy six
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it has been blasting out X rays around forty times
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more powerful than you'd ever expect from a star like that.
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The plasma generating those X rays was hotter than one
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hundred million degrees, and for decades nobody could agree. Why
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was it magnetic activity on the star itself? Was there
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a hidden companion pulling in material? The debate has raged
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it across multiple research groups for half a century.
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Now, thanks to Japan's XRIISM space telescope that stands for
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X Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission, developed by JAXA in
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collaboration with NASA and ESA, the answer is finally in
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the culprit is a hidden white dwarf companion.
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The key instrument is called Resolve, a high precision microclorimeter
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on XRIISM that can measure X ray spectra with extraordinary accuracy.
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The team observed Gamma Capia three times in December twenty
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twenty four, February twenty twenty five, and June twenty twenty five,
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covering the full two hundred and three day orbit of
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the binary system.
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What they found was that the superheated plasma generating the
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X rays was moving in sync with the hidden companion,
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not with the bright b star. Everyone could see. That's
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the clincher, first direct proof that it's the white dwarf
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not the star. Itself driving all that high energy activity.
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And it turns out this white dwarf is magnetic. Its
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field is funneling material from the star's surrounding disc toward
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its pulls, where it releases all that energy as X
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rays like a tiny but ferocious cosmic vacuum cleaner.
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The implications go well beyond this one star. Astronomers have
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long predicted that about fifty to seventy percent of B
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type binary stars might have white dwarf companions, but solid
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evidence has been hard to pin down. This result confirms
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a whole new clas of binary systems that had previously
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only existed in theory.
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Lead researcher Yayel Naz at the University of Liege put
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it beautifully. There has been an intense effort to solve
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the mystery of gamma cassiopeia across many research groups for
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many decades, and now, thanks to XRIIM, we have finally
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done it. A very good Friday for Stellar Astrophysics.
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Story five, and this one comes with a movie tie
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in which I am absolutely here for.
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If you haven't seen Project Hail Mary yet, the Ryan
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Gosling film based on Andy Weir's novel. It's currently in cinemas,
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and it is excellent. The premise is that humanity discovers
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a tiny micro organism called astrophage is consuming the Sun's energy,
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and one scientist is sent on a desperate solo mission
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to find the answer at a distant star.
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And this week, real astronomers at Cornell University's Carl Sagan
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Institute have published the paper that asks essentially the same
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question the movie poses. If we were building a real
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Hail Mary spacecraft, where would we send it?
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Lead researcher Professor Lisa Koltngeger, alongside a team of undergraduate students,
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comb through data from the European Space Agency's Gaya mission
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and the NASA Exoplanet Archive. There are over six thousand
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known exoplanets. From that enormous list, they've narrowed it down
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to forty five rocky worlds sitting in their star's habitable
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zones where liquid water could potentially exist on the surface.
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The list includes some names that will be familiar to
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our regular listeners. Trappist one DEFNG about forty light years away,
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Proxima Centauri b our nearest stellar neighbor at just four
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point twenty five light years LHS one one four zero B,
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a dense super earth about forty eight light years out,
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and quite a few lesser known candidates that could prove
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just as interesting.
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What's powerful about this paper is that it's not just
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a list, it's a strategic roadmap. It tells you which
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worlds are best suited for transmission spectroscopy with JWST, which
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worlds are targets for future direct imaging missions, and which
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have the tightest constraints on habitability.
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There's also a more conservative list of just twenty four
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world within a tighter three dimensional habitable zone, and if
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you account for the uncertainties in stellar measurements, the forty
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five could expand to as many as seventy three.
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Haltenngeger summed it up perfectly. Our paper reveals where you
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should travel to to find life if we ever build
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a hail Mary spacecraft. The search for alien life just
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got a short list. I find that genuinely thrilling.
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Finally, today, the boat story we tease at the beginning
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of the show.
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Story six, and yesterday we told you about that extraordinary
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scrub at t minus three seconds for Esar Aerospace's Spectrum rocket,
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the most dramatic last second halt you could imagine right
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on the edge of potentially making European space history.
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And we didn't know why the countdown got all the
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way to three seconds before engine ignition. Then nothing. Controllers
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called the scrub. We knew there was a hold in
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the countdown, but the exact cause wasn't confirmed when we
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recorded yesterday.
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Well, now we know it was a boat.
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An unauthorized vessel entered the danger zone around and Doya
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Spaceport in northern Norway during the countdown. The range had
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already been delayed when the boat first appeared, and by
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the time the boat cleared and the range was reopened,
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the propellant temperatures on board the rocket had shifted, the
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window was gone.
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To add insult to injury, the countdown had actually cleared
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t minus three seconds the engines were moments from igniting.
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ESAR Aerospace would have potentially become the first company ever
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to launch a rocket to orbit from European soil and
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a boat said no.
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No new launch date has been announced as of now.
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ESAR has said they're working to determine a suitable window
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and they'll need to assess the propellant situation and any
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technical reviews before they can reset for another attempt.
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Now we should note this kind of range safety protocol
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exists for a reason. Keeping people out of danger zones
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during rocket launches is genuinely critical. No one is blaming
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