June 6, 2026

Starship Test Flight 12: Triumphs and Trials, Blue Origin's Fiery Setback, and Earth's Continental Recycling

Starship Test Flight 12: Triumphs and Trials, Blue Origin's Fiery Setback, and Earth's Continental Recycling
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Season 29
SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 66 *Starship undertakes its 12th test flight The world’s largest and most powerful rocket, the SpaceX super heavy Starship has undertaken its 12th test flight with mixed results. *Massive rocket explosion at Cape Canaveral Blue Origin's latest New Glenn rocket has exploded in a spectacular ball of flame and fire during a static hot fire test at the Cape Canaveral Space Force base in Florida. *How Earth recycles the continents A new study claims Earth’s crust and mantle have been mixing together for billions of years continuously reworking the planet’s continents deep beneath the surface. *The Science Report A new study shows that dentists have been drilling teeth to treat cavities for almost 60,000 years. Warnings that even moderate increases in temperatures heightens the likelihood of koala deaths. One in six kids now experiencing some form of online sexual exploitation and abuse. Alex on Tech: Rokid’s new smart glasses.

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The Astronomy, Space, Technology & Science News Podcast.

WEBVTT

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This is Spacetime Series twenty nine, episode sixty six, for

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broadcast on the third of June twenty twenty six. Coming

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up on space Time, Starship undertakes its twurth test flight,

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but with mixed results. Blue Origins, New Glenn suffers a

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massive explosion at Cape Canaveral, and how planet Earth recycles

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the continents. All that and more Coming up on space Time.

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Welcome to space Time with Stuart Gary.

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The largest and most powerful rocket ever built. SpaceX's super

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heavy Starship has undertaken its truth test flight with mixed results.

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The launch from SpaceX's book a Chicka Star based on

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the Texas Gulf Coast, suffered a number of problems during

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the flight, resulting in the FAA grounding future flights until

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the course of these problems has been determined and a

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potential fix adopted. But problems were expected on this mission

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as it was the first launch of the new version

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three variant of the one hundred and twenty four point

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four meter tall Mega rocket, which in many ways has

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undergone a complete design overhaul. It was also the first

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flight from Starbase's new second launch pad. The upgraded rocket

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design is two meters taller than the last variant, it

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carries an extra five hundred tons of propellants. Also, Version

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three is powered by a more powerful, upgraded Raptor engine

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known as the Raptor V three. The booster stage, known

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as the Super Heavy, features extra shielding around the thirty

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three rocket engines in order to compensate for the higher

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pressures coming from the V three raptors at the other

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end of the booster. Hot staging ring has now been

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integrated into the vehicle instead of being a separate structure.

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Hot staging involves the upper Starship stage beginning to fire

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its engines before separating from the Superheavy booster stage, and

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instead of the previous four grid fins for aerodynamic control,

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the new Version three booster uses just three grid fins,

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but they're each much larger and the changes don't end there.

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The upper Starship stage has also been modified with the

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addition of four inflight propellant transfer ports, which will allow

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for refueling while in orbit that'll be necessary for missions

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to the Moon, Mars and beyond. Because it's so different,

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the Version three rocket also uses new ground equipment, hence

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the need for a second launch pad at Starbase, but

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that's where the first of the issues on test flight twelve,

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developed mission managers say the hydraulic pin locking part of

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the launch tower mechanism wasn't retracting correctly, resulting in a

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series of delays at T minus forty seconds, ultimately leading

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to the launch being scrubbed for a day. But when

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it did finally blast off, we got to see the

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booster's new engine startup sequence. Instead of the slow sequential

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engine startup used on previous boosters, the new version tree

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can ignite much quicker, consequently launch quicker. The more powerful

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Rapti V three engines also allow the rocket to reach

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max Q sooner. As it lifted off into the cleve

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blue ticks and skies, things appeared to be going smoothly.

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Ten nine eight, seven, six five four three ignition, We

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up the top, put you down ranch.

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Boster optching for pressure nominal.

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All right, we are a T plus thirty seconds into

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flight CEE at thirty three out of thirty three Raptor

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three engines, the Booster V three ascending over the Gulf.

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Now coming up on maximum aerodynamic pressure.

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Booster and ship, if you're on expower telemetronomenal.

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Systems, looking good. We're just passing through the period of

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maximum dynamic pressure a little over a minute into flight.

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Now Starship Flight twelve arc out over the Gulf. The

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next major thing coming up is going to be hot staging.

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Finder we do what's our version of MIKO. Most engines

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cut off, So we're going to shut down all but

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five of the Raptor engines on the booster, and then

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after that happens, we're going to ignite the six engines

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on ship while it is still attached. We have clamps

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that hold the two together. Those are going to retract

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inside of that hot stage ring kind of protect them.

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Yeah. Well, but shortly before stage separation, one of the

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Superhavor boosters thirty three engines suddenly failed. Now that in

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itself shouldn't have been a problem, as the on board

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systems eye designed to compensate for such an eventuality. However,

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then after the boost to separated during hot staging and

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commenced its flipback maneuver to return to Worth, there was

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another REPTIVEV three engine issue which cut out modible engines

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which we needed for the boost back burn and controlled descent.

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We had one of the engines go out still flying

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on thirty two of the Raptor engines. But again, once

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we get the hots aging, those six engines on the

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ship are going to ignite. We're going to do it

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in a little bit different of a sequence. On version three. Essentially,

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those three RVAC engines will ignite first. Almost immediately after,

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just one of those central engines is going to ignite,

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and that's going to give the Booster a bit of

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a kick, sending it in a known direction, followed shortly

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after by the.

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Other two age separation.

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There you go, successful hot staging separation. We are not

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seeing as many Booster engines ignite as we expected for

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boost back, but we are seeing six good engines lit

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on ship. It looks like we just had an early

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boost back shut down. Again a reminder, the Booster was

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planned to essentially head into the Gulf for a splashdown,

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but it has shut its engines down early on into

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boost back.

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Now it's possible the other failed engines would damaged by

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the initial engine failure, possibly inch to the higher engine pressures,

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and then you wrapped the three murders. But making matters worse,

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one of the Boost's gridfins caught part of the engine

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exhaust from the starship up the stage that caused the

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flipmannerve to be accelerated and out of balance. Mission managers

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were planning to undertake a soft water splash down in

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the Gulf of America during this mission, rather than a

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return to the launch bed, as had already been done

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on several previous occasions, but the booster engine failures meant

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the descent was much too rapid, resulting in the booster

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undergoing an unscheduled disassembly. In other words, that blew up

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as a question of the sea rather than the soft

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water landing originally.

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Planned as power We're enomical planning on bringing the booster

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back for this flight, as this was the very first

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time again continuing to watch so booster did not complete

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its boost back burn. We did not see all of

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the engines ignight that we expected. Booster continues to make

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its way back down towards the water, all right, so

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a little over five and a half minutes in flight,

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looks like boosters starting to come in.

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Hot, Booster coming back down, making its way into the gulf.

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Once again. We were not going to bring the super

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heavy booster back to the tower. We were planning on

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having it land in.

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The Gulf and it looks like the Booster and its

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mission there in the Gulf.

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We did see at least a couple engines fire up

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on Booster for the landing burn before we lost contact

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with it.

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I mean, well, the starship up a stage continued, it's

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a scent towards orbit. But then suddenly one of the

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rep of the three vacuum engines on the starship also

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failed and we.

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Just see one of the r vacs. So we're now

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running on five engines on ship. We do have engine

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out capability, so it's going to continue into its ascent.

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Remaining two vacuum and three sea level engines were able

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to compensate and continue to climb to sub orbit.

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The ship planned to burn its engines for about eight

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minutes and change. About eight minutes and eleven seconds was

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our planned timeline for today. That could shift slightly as

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we do have one engine out running on one fewer

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urvas ship continuing to fire five of the six standing

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by for call outs, making sure ships on its planned trajectory. Again,

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we are planning a suborbital trajectory for the ship today.

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Hope the chamber pressures on five out of six ship Wreptor.

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Engines still flying. Great to see that still have five

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out of six engines there on S thirty nine.

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Yes, we also heard good chamber pressures as well on

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those engines that are lit. We do have engine out capability.

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We do see that we have one of the RVAC,

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one of the Raptor vacuum engines that is currently out,

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but that's okay. Ship is continuing on.

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We should have just a little over twenty seconds to go.

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We'll see if the burn extends a little bit for

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the engine out. Essentially, you can run your engines a

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little bit longer, throttle up a little bit more to

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account for the one engine not being lit. So right

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now we are standing by for ce go and again

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we are continuing to go a little bit longer. Five

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engines still burning on ship coming up on t plus

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nine minutes and starting to see shut down. Our vacs

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have shut down, Sea levels are shut down. Chip orbit insertion. Again,

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we did run longer as we were engine out. We

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were flying with five of those six Raptors pretty much

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the whole time.

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Chip FTS is saved.

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All right, Well, we definitely got a ship in space

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right now.

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If we are awaiting the call out of nominal insertion,

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so we're going to stand by for that. The flaps

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moving here actuating The objectives for ship today not only

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included the separation that we saw, but we're also planning

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to deploy twenty Starlink simulator satellites as well as two

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Dodger Dog satellites. That's what our internal teams refer to

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as our newer satellites.

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With the lack of standard actial flight profile because of

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the foul vacuum engine, the admission manages to abort the

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planned engine restat in orbit test originally scheduled.

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We actually saw the three gibbling engines kind of gimble

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over a little bit to compensate for that offset and

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thrus So that was really cool. That's something I know

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the team's been We've analyzed that since flight one all

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the way back, so it's something that we've thought about

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quite a bit and it was kind of cool to

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see it in action in real life today. One non

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rafter thing I noticed also the aft flaps. It's at

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a little weird We have tiles on the leeward side,

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so not on the side where we're going to see

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heating and you might be asking why are were putting

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tiles there. I talked to some of our heat shield

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engineers the other day and the fact that we're seeing

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all these tiles still on the flap right now is

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really good because that actually was one of our experiments

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where we wanted to test different connection methods on the

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way uphill on ship, so actually a cent so it

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looks like most, if not all, the tiles are still

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hanging on there, so that's actually a really good data point.

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We are looking good. It does look like we are

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within bounds of what we analyzed if we were down

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one of our RVAC engines, so I wouldn't call it

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a nonominal orbital insertion, but we're in an on a

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trajectory that we had analyze and it's within bounds. So

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teams continuing to work through it with that end out,

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they're working through some steps on the engines. We probably

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will end up skipping the raptor relighte for today, but

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it sounds like we should still be on for payload deploy.

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Mission managers did carry out the planned obital payload release

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with twenty two satellites deployed twenty dummy versions of the

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company's Styling broadband satellites, as well as two actual styling

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satellites equipped with imaging senses.

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Pez door is open. Just a reminder, we've got twenty

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two deployables in the payload bay today. Twenty of those

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Starlink mass simulators, and then two are our Dodger Dogs,

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so we like to call them internally sitting out there

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modified V two Starlink satellites. Those are going to be

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testing a bunch of components that we're planning to fly

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on Starlink V three, and we've also got them outfitted

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with a number of cameras for another tech demo that

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we're trying out on this flight. We definitely are looking

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for a way that we can look at starship's heat

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shield while it's still in space. You can kind of

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only see so much from the cameras in the flap.

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You can't see everything kind of on the underbelly, and

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one of the only ways you can do that is

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if you got something else flying near it. So our

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final two satellites going out the door have a suite

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of cameras on them that are going to be looking

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back at the ship. We're going to be in night time.

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They've got some powerful flashlights on them to try and

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illuminate the ship's heat shield while we fly away from it.

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One of the things that we upgraded in version three

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kind of gave a little soup up to the pez dispenser.

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So those satellites going to move out a little bit

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quicker than they did on previous Starship flight tests. First

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two out the door, Two more on their way outright,

236
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four down, eighteen to go. This very much a tech demo.

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We're going to deploy those The satellite's going to kind

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of try and turn everything on look back at Starship,

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and the primary reason we're trying to do this is

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to get some views of the heat shield. Two more

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out the door.

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We're more out the door, and I think that counts.

243
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That comes up to eight total.

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This Starship version three is built to deploy up to

245
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sixty of starlinks more advanced V three satellites. Everything's V

246
00:13:17.480 --> 00:13:22.159
three designed to offer sixty terabits per second of downlink

247
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capacity per satellite. Now that is twenty times more than

248
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each Falcon nine does today.

249
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Incredible, all right.

250
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I think that's number ten going out the door.

251
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Yeah, there it goes. Just a couple of updates while

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we continued payload, deploy data, get confirmation we're going to

253
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be skipping that relight of the Raptor engine just due

254
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to everything that we saw on the way uphill those

255
00:13:45.720 --> 00:13:48.240
sea level engines were going to use them for a

256
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landing burn, though they are still capable to be used

257
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for that.

258
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Reentry was smooth with descent over the Indian Ocean off

259
00:13:54.840 --> 00:13:58.240
the Western Australian coast, getting about fifty minutes after launch,

260
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and then when the major issues as starship became enveloped

261
00:14:01.919 --> 00:14:05.639
and a spectacular superheated plasma bubble just as expected. As

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it entered the upper atmosphere.

263
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You'll start to see a light show building up.

264
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Plasma starting to build up on the xterior of the vehicle. Now,

265
00:14:12.679 --> 00:14:14.799
we do not plan to recover the spacecraft today.

266
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Re Entry is a critical phase of flight and we

267
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need information on how the ship systems perform. The data

268
00:14:22.480 --> 00:14:24.480
gathering is really the main reason why we're doing these

269
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flight tests.

270
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If ship manages to make it all the way through

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re entry, we'll collect valuable data on the spacecraft flying

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00:14:32.519 --> 00:14:35.919
through the Earth's atmosphere at these hypersonic speeds, which is

273
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basically more than five times the speed of sound. Now

274
00:14:39.480 --> 00:14:41.919
we do anticipate that it might be a little bit

275
00:14:41.960 --> 00:14:44.399
of a spicy re entry, so we'll see how far

276
00:14:44.480 --> 00:14:48.200
we get. It's re entering at or around orbital velocity

277
00:14:48.639 --> 00:14:51.399
roughly eight kilometers per second for those of us that

278
00:14:51.440 --> 00:14:54.399
think in other units, roughly five miles per second. At

279
00:14:54.399 --> 00:14:57.240
those speeds, the spacecraft is moving through the atmosphere and

280
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it creates that plasma field forming around the vehicle. Now,

281
00:15:00.360 --> 00:15:03.480
we should hear some callouts as the ship makes its

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00:15:03.519 --> 00:15:07.200
way back to Earth. When we hear entry max heating

283
00:15:07.320 --> 00:15:10.120
and entry max Q, that means the ship has made

284
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it through the maximum heating and aerodynamic loads that it

285
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will experience it's as it returns. So if we make

286
00:15:17.720 --> 00:15:19.399
it through those, we're doing pretty well.

287
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Yeah, we're at twenty three and a half thousand kilometers

288
00:15:24.639 --> 00:15:29.440
per hour speed. That's just a crazy number to think about.

289
00:15:30.600 --> 00:15:33.759
But as we keep progressing the mission, we are going

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00:15:33.799 --> 00:15:36.799
to hear a call out when the ship is transonic

291
00:15:37.039 --> 00:15:41.440
and then subsonic. So transonic refers to the period of

292
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flight where the velocities of air flows surrounding and flowing

293
00:15:44.720 --> 00:15:48.960
past the vehicle are concurrently below at and above the

294
00:15:49.000 --> 00:15:51.360
speed of sound, kind of in that mock zero point

295
00:15:51.360 --> 00:15:55.080
eight to one point two range, and for reference, commercial

296
00:15:55.159 --> 00:15:58.080
jets have a range of cruising speeds but mostly fly

297
00:15:58.679 --> 00:16:01.759
around mock points seven four to mock point eighty five.

298
00:16:02.240 --> 00:16:04.840
And after we hear the call out that Starship is transonic,

299
00:16:05.120 --> 00:16:08.559
we should hear the call out when Starship is subsonic.

300
00:16:08.759 --> 00:16:11.000
This refers to speeds that are much less than the

301
00:16:11.039 --> 00:16:13.279
speed of sound, so at this point in the flight,

302
00:16:13.519 --> 00:16:15.720
ship's velocity will be slowing down.

303
00:16:16.159 --> 00:16:19.840
During this phase of the mission, spacecraft's control services actuate

304
00:16:19.919 --> 00:16:22.679
as in hate shields all performed as well as expected.

305
00:16:22.799 --> 00:16:26.039
We are going to attempt a landing burned. We'll see

306
00:16:26.039 --> 00:16:28.559
how they perform when we get there. We are going

307
00:16:28.639 --> 00:16:30.919
to be stressing the ship on the way in. We're

308
00:16:30.960 --> 00:16:33.600
going to intentionally do a maneuver where we're going to

309
00:16:33.679 --> 00:16:36.600
kind of pitch the nose up and deploy those aft

310
00:16:36.679 --> 00:16:39.559
those bottom flaps to really put a lot of pressure

311
00:16:39.600 --> 00:16:42.159
on them. So we'll see how it does through that maneuver,

312
00:16:42.320 --> 00:16:44.279
and then we'll be doing kind of a final banking

313
00:16:44.399 --> 00:16:46.679
turn before we get to a landing burn.

314
00:16:46.840 --> 00:16:50.080
Of course, thinking long term here, Starship is designed to

315
00:16:50.200 --> 00:16:53.279
land on Mars where there are no runways or other

316
00:16:53.440 --> 00:16:56.080
humans to help out. That's where we're going with the

317
00:16:56.159 --> 00:17:00.519
propulsive landing instead of a more traditional means like parachutes.

318
00:17:00.159 --> 00:17:03.360
Starship underwent a series of test maneuvers designed to stress

319
00:17:03.360 --> 00:17:05.599
whereas parts of the vehicle in order to test their

320
00:17:05.640 --> 00:17:09.960
structural limits during the final descent. The vehicle also executed

321
00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:13.440
a novel banking minerva for its landing burn that was

322
00:17:13.480 --> 00:17:16.200
meant to mimic the trajectory and orientation needed for a

323
00:17:16.240 --> 00:17:17.119
launch now catch.

324
00:17:17.200 --> 00:17:19.759
On our return to starbase, we kind of kick the

325
00:17:19.799 --> 00:17:23.240
nose up to fully deploy those apt flaps to really

326
00:17:23.759 --> 00:17:27.279
get a good test of the structural strength of that

327
00:17:27.319 --> 00:17:29.440
part of the ship. We did that on one previous

328
00:17:29.480 --> 00:17:31.960
flight test on version two. We're going to try and

329
00:17:32.000 --> 00:17:35.480
do that today since we did skip the in space burn.

330
00:17:35.599 --> 00:17:38.359
We're carrying a little bit of extra propellant in our

331
00:17:38.960 --> 00:17:41.960
header tanks up in the nose, and so that's going

332
00:17:42.000 --> 00:17:44.319
to put a little bit of extra stress on those

333
00:17:44.400 --> 00:17:47.559
forward flaps as we come in, so we will see

334
00:17:47.559 --> 00:17:50.319
if they're able to hold through through that.

335
00:17:50.240 --> 00:17:54.160
Re entry engine chill has started. So essentially what that

336
00:17:54.279 --> 00:17:58.240
means is we are prepping the landing engines by getting

337
00:17:58.240 --> 00:18:01.839
them down to temperature ahead of that landing burn. And

338
00:18:01.880 --> 00:18:05.759
as we're going down through the atmosphere here we are

339
00:18:05.799 --> 00:18:12.039
at about mock sixteen point one, so still extremely fast,

340
00:18:12.200 --> 00:18:15.799
although we have scrubbed dot substantial amount of our speed already.

341
00:18:15.960 --> 00:18:20.200
Altitude at a little less than sixty kilometers.

342
00:18:19.759 --> 00:18:23.240
All right, we're about eight minutes away from our targeted

343
00:18:23.319 --> 00:18:25.599
landing and splash out time. Again. This is when the

344
00:18:25.640 --> 00:18:27.359
ship's going to start really.

345
00:18:27.119 --> 00:18:30.119
Ship US approaching the round all the peak heating region.

346
00:18:30.240 --> 00:18:32.720
The highest temperature ship the starship is going to see

347
00:18:32.799 --> 00:18:33.960
during its re entry.

348
00:18:33.920 --> 00:18:38.799
The forward flap on starship helping to steer the ship

349
00:18:38.880 --> 00:18:42.079
down for its precise landing in the Indian Ocean.

350
00:18:42.720 --> 00:18:45.880
We've still got a couple maneuvers lined up where we're

351
00:18:45.920 --> 00:18:47.839
going to be really stressing the flaps on the ship,

352
00:18:47.920 --> 00:18:48.640
so ship.

353
00:18:48.480 --> 00:18:51.119
US pause through the peak heating region. External temperatures are

354
00:18:51.119 --> 00:18:51.559
coming down.

355
00:18:51.759 --> 00:18:54.920
Wow, that is incredible news. As Dan mentioned, we were

356
00:18:54.960 --> 00:18:59.079
expecting this re entry to be super spicy, but excellent

357
00:18:59.119 --> 00:19:02.400
news that were now past that period of peak heating,

358
00:19:02.720 --> 00:19:05.960
and that now the external temperatures are starting to decrease.

359
00:19:06.400 --> 00:19:09.119
Those heat shield tiles on the belly of the ship

360
00:19:09.200 --> 00:19:13.720
really doing a ton of work to burn off all

361
00:19:13.759 --> 00:19:17.599
of that inertia that the vehicle had prior to re

362
00:19:17.799 --> 00:19:19.039
entering the atmosphere.

363
00:19:19.359 --> 00:19:21.279
We're starting to pick up a couple more g's here,

364
00:19:21.319 --> 00:19:24.880
so we're definitely entering the thicker part of the atmosphere

365
00:19:24.920 --> 00:19:26.759
where we're scrubbing off all that energy.

366
00:19:26.799 --> 00:19:29.240
Ship is out peak dynamic pressure and we're now at

367
00:19:29.240 --> 00:19:32.519
peak pressure. Ship flop load test.

368
00:19:31.880 --> 00:19:35.000
It looks like gets holden again. The intent of that

369
00:19:35.200 --> 00:19:38.759
was to put just a lot of extra stress on

370
00:19:38.839 --> 00:19:41.839
those apt flaps. We are expecting the forward ones too

371
00:19:42.079 --> 00:19:44.559
to see a little bit of extra stress as we've

372
00:19:44.559 --> 00:19:47.400
got more propellant in our header tank. So the area

373
00:19:47.480 --> 00:19:50.119
right at the very nose of Sharket is completely and

374
00:19:50.240 --> 00:19:51.160
we're through that test.

375
00:19:51.359 --> 00:19:53.480
There we go, and we just did that test at

376
00:19:53.640 --> 00:19:56.720
Mock seven just for reference there, so we are still

377
00:19:56.759 --> 00:19:58.400
going incredibly fast.

378
00:19:58.599 --> 00:20:01.880
We've got ship starting the RTLS banking maneuver.

379
00:20:02.160 --> 00:20:04.599
Essentially, what that is is when we come back to

380
00:20:04.680 --> 00:20:07.039
star base, or when we plan to come back to

381
00:20:07.079 --> 00:20:11.079
starbas The trajectory is designed so we'll essentially swing out

382
00:20:11.119 --> 00:20:14.519
over the gulf and do a swoop maneuver to then

383
00:20:14.599 --> 00:20:18.000
come back to the towers for catch and so we

384
00:20:18.200 --> 00:20:22.559
are doing that exact same maneuver as we head towards

385
00:20:22.599 --> 00:20:24.880
our targeted splash down in the Indian Ocean.

386
00:20:25.000 --> 00:20:28.000
Yeah, and that call out there that we heard RTLS

387
00:20:28.279 --> 00:20:32.799
stands for return to launch site, So definitely a pretty

388
00:20:32.799 --> 00:20:34.839
cool thing we're demoing here on the ship. You know,

389
00:20:35.079 --> 00:20:36.839
as in the future we are going to be trying

390
00:20:36.880 --> 00:20:39.160
to bring the ship back to the log site, which, yeah,

391
00:20:39.319 --> 00:20:42.039
gonna be absolutely insane. Pressure is coming down, all right,

392
00:20:42.079 --> 00:20:45.200
we heard their dynamic pressure coming down, and I'd say

393
00:20:45.200 --> 00:20:47.000
we're in a pretty good bank right now.

394
00:20:47.440 --> 00:20:51.599
Yeah, executing the power slide. We're about ninety seconds away

395
00:20:52.160 --> 00:20:53.839
from our anticipated landing burn.

396
00:20:54.240 --> 00:20:56.599
Starship is subsmic and is on target.

397
00:20:56.759 --> 00:21:01.519
We are on target for this precise in the Indian Ocean.

398
00:21:01.519 --> 00:21:03.720
This will once again be a soft splashdown.

399
00:21:03.880 --> 00:21:07.279
So we're sub fifteen kilometers executing what we call the

400
00:21:07.319 --> 00:21:11.200
belly flip maneuver, the aft flap, making minor correction.

401
00:21:11.319 --> 00:21:14.039
Starship is turning for a final approach to landing site.

402
00:21:14.119 --> 00:21:16.799
There we go minor corrections and a full turn.

403
00:21:16.799 --> 00:21:19.839
Then reignited two of its engines for a final landing burn.

404
00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:23.200
Coming up real soon. Again going for a landing burn,

405
00:21:23.279 --> 00:21:26.240
trying to light two of these raptors sea level engines.

406
00:21:26.759 --> 00:21:32.880
Landing burnt, landing burn, startup two rand in flip successful, flip,

407
00:21:34.720 --> 00:21:35.680
who we can't start.

408
00:21:39.160 --> 00:21:42.720
Test Flight thirteen. Hardware is now being prepared for possible launch,

409
00:21:42.839 --> 00:21:46.799
maybe as soon as July, depending on FAA approval. NASA

410
00:21:46.920 --> 00:21:49.599
is relying on a version of Starship called the HLAs

411
00:21:49.720 --> 00:21:52.559
or Human Landing System as one of two manned lunar

412
00:21:52.640 --> 00:21:55.519
landers to duck with the Otomis Orion capsule in lunar

413
00:21:55.640 --> 00:21:59.160
orbit and transport humans down to the Luna's surface. The

414
00:21:59.200 --> 00:22:02.400
agency is also contracted Blue Origins Blue Moon lunar land

415
00:22:02.440 --> 00:22:06.279
of spacecraft undertake the same mission, and it's indicated a

416
00:22:06.319 --> 00:22:09.079
willingness to fly with whichever land is ready when it's

417
00:22:09.119 --> 00:22:11.480
time for the Atomis four mission to fly in late

418
00:22:11.519 --> 00:22:15.400
twenty twenty eight. Atamis four will return humans to the

419
00:22:15.440 --> 00:22:19.319
lunar surface, landing near the Moon's south pole. But before

420
00:22:19.359 --> 00:22:22.319
that adventure, both Starship and Blue Moon will need to

421
00:22:22.400 --> 00:22:25.079
undertake low Earth orbit missions in mid to late next

422
00:22:25.240 --> 00:22:28.079
year in conjunction with the Atomis three mission to test

423
00:22:28.160 --> 00:22:31.880
the two lunar lander's abilities to maneuver, rendezvous and dark

424
00:22:31.960 --> 00:22:36.079
with the Irion spacecraft in orbit. Atemis three will follow

425
00:22:36.079 --> 00:22:39.000
on from April's Atomis two mission, which saw four astronauts

426
00:22:39.039 --> 00:22:42.079
a border on Iran spacecraft complete a successful ten day

427
00:22:42.119 --> 00:22:45.400
mission around the Moon and back. Bad. As we're about

428
00:22:45.440 --> 00:22:48.640
to tell you, things for the Atomis program aren't quite

429
00:22:48.759 --> 00:22:53.279
on track. This is space time still to calm a

430
00:22:53.319 --> 00:22:56.799
massive rocket explosion at Cape Canaveral and how the planet

431
00:22:56.799 --> 00:23:00.279
Earth recycles its continents. All that and more still to

432
00:23:00.279 --> 00:23:20.160
come on spacetime. Blue Origin's latest New Glen rocket has

433
00:23:20.279 --> 00:23:23.680
exploded in the spectacular ball of flame and fire during

434
00:23:23.759 --> 00:23:26.480
a static hot fire test at the Cape Canavil Space

435
00:23:26.519 --> 00:23:30.440
Force space in Florida. The dramatic blast at Launch Complex

436
00:23:30.480 --> 00:23:34.200
thirty six occurred during the standard pre flight test program

437
00:23:34.319 --> 00:23:36.799
head of the NNG four mission, which was sledded for

438
00:23:36.880 --> 00:23:39.880
June fourth. The test is designed to check out the

439
00:23:39.960 --> 00:23:42.759
launch vehicle's main engines with a booster still anchored to

440
00:23:42.799 --> 00:23:46.440
the launch pad, but instead of a successful test and shutdown,

441
00:23:46.599 --> 00:23:49.960
the ninety eight meter tall New Glen rocket suddenly exploded

442
00:23:50.039 --> 00:23:53.519
in a series of blasts, quickly erupting a massive billowing,

443
00:23:53.640 --> 00:23:57.640
bright orange fireball, sending towering plumes of flame and smoke

444
00:23:57.799 --> 00:24:01.440
lighting up the night sky. This was easily the biggest

445
00:24:01.480 --> 00:24:05.319
explosion ever seen at Cape Canaveral. The blast destroyed the

446
00:24:05.359 --> 00:24:08.240
launch pad and much of the surrounding infrastructure, which could

447
00:24:08.240 --> 00:24:11.559
take up to a year to rebuild. The event ignited

448
00:24:11.640 --> 00:24:15.160
one thousand tons of liquid methane and liquid oxygen propellant.

449
00:24:15.759 --> 00:24:18.240
It was so massive it showed up on weather radars

450
00:24:18.359 --> 00:24:22.200
and was heard fifty kilometers away in Orlando. Estimates suggest

451
00:24:22.319 --> 00:24:25.359
it was the equivalent of a one kiloton nuclear bomb.

452
00:24:25.960 --> 00:24:29.000
Blue Origin boss Jeff Bezos says no one was injured

453
00:24:29.000 --> 00:24:31.880
in the blast and all personnel have now been accounted for.

454
00:24:33.119 --> 00:24:35.880
YU Glen had only recently been returned to flight status

455
00:24:35.920 --> 00:24:38.920
by the Federal Aviation Administration following a failure during its

456
00:24:39.000 --> 00:24:41.440
last launch in April, when mission managers were forced to

457
00:24:41.440 --> 00:24:44.079
implement corrective measures after one of the upper stage b

458
00:24:44.200 --> 00:24:47.279
E three U engines didn't achieve full FRST due to

459
00:24:47.319 --> 00:24:51.079
a propellant leak and hydraulic vowel failure that resulted in

460
00:24:51.079 --> 00:24:54.799
the mission payload that Bluebirds seven communications satellite being placed

461
00:24:54.839 --> 00:24:58.000
into the wrong orbit, and this latest launch would have

462
00:24:58.039 --> 00:25:01.440
been bigger. The heaviest payload ever carried by New Glenn

463
00:25:01.599 --> 00:25:05.240
with some forty eight satellites Amazon's Low Earth Orbit Internet

464
00:25:05.359 --> 00:25:10.440
service Broadband Now. NASA has been watching these Lettus developments closely,

465
00:25:10.640 --> 00:25:13.960
and they're worried. See as we mentioned earlier, Blue Origin

466
00:25:14.079 --> 00:25:16.240
is one of the companies contracted by the Agency the

467
00:25:16.279 --> 00:25:18.799
transport vehicles and equipment to the Moon as part of

468
00:25:18.799 --> 00:25:21.839
the Artemis program. It was to launch the first of

469
00:25:21.880 --> 00:25:25.440
three payloads this year, kicking off work on America's twenty

470
00:25:25.519 --> 00:25:29.079
billion dollar moon base. How quickly the cause of this

471
00:25:29.160 --> 00:25:32.720
explosion can be determined and how quickly any necessary design

472
00:25:32.839 --> 00:25:35.000
changes are made, not to mention the time it's going

473
00:25:35.039 --> 00:25:37.519
to take to rebuild the launch pad ll be heavy

474
00:25:37.599 --> 00:25:41.839
on NASA's mind. New Glenn that its maiden flight in

475
00:25:41.880 --> 00:25:45.640
twenty twenty five. It's named after John Glenn, the first

476
00:25:45.680 --> 00:25:48.319
American to orb the Earth, and is much bigger, more

477
00:25:48.359 --> 00:25:51.319
powerful than Blue Origins. New Shepherd rockets, which are used

478
00:25:51.319 --> 00:25:55.119
for space tourism flights out of Texas. New Shepherds named

479
00:25:55.119 --> 00:25:58.240
after Alan Shepherd. It was the first American to reach space.

480
00:25:59.240 --> 00:26:03.079
This is space time still to come. How planet Earth

481
00:26:03.119 --> 00:26:06.880
recycles the continents, and later in the Science report, a

482
00:26:06.960 --> 00:26:09.960
new study shows that dentists have been drilling into people's

483
00:26:09.960 --> 00:26:13.640
teeth for almost sixty thousand years. All that and more

484
00:26:13.680 --> 00:26:32.079
still to calm on space time, a new study claims

485
00:26:32.119 --> 00:26:35.160
Earth's crust and mantle have been mixing together for billions

486
00:26:35.160 --> 00:26:39.799
of years, continuously reworking the planet's continents deep beneath the surface.

487
00:26:40.559 --> 00:26:43.519
The findings, reported in the journal Nature, show that Earth's

488
00:26:43.559 --> 00:26:47.839
continental crust can be dragged deep underground during continental collisions

489
00:26:47.880 --> 00:26:52.160
and later rise again through relamination. The new study focuses

490
00:26:52.200 --> 00:26:55.319
on what happens when two continental plates collide for major

491
00:26:55.359 --> 00:26:59.519
mountain ranges such as the Himalayas and Alps. While geologists

492
00:26:59.519 --> 00:27:02.640
have long known that continental collisions build mountains and deform

493
00:27:02.720 --> 00:27:06.000
the crust, new research shows that portions of continental crust

494
00:27:06.039 --> 00:27:09.200
can also be dragged deep down inside the Earth during subduction,

495
00:27:09.400 --> 00:27:13.319
before rising again and mixing with mantle rocks. The studies

496
00:27:13.400 --> 00:27:16.640
lead author, Daniel Gomez Frutas from the University of Portsmouth,

497
00:27:16.680 --> 00:27:19.960
says the results show that continental collisions is far more

498
00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:24.079
than just left mountains. They also create deep hybrid zones

499
00:27:24.200 --> 00:27:27.839
where crust and mantle materials blend together, reducing magmas that

500
00:27:27.920 --> 00:27:32.960
fundamentally build the continents. This process, known as relamination, creates

501
00:27:33.039 --> 00:27:36.720
a hybrid crust mantle source that can later generate post

502
00:27:36.720 --> 00:27:40.319
collisional magmas teutonic rocks that appear millions of years after

503
00:27:40.400 --> 00:27:44.440
continental collisions took place. Plutonic rocks are a type of

504
00:27:44.480 --> 00:27:47.920
igneous rock that forms when magmas cool and solidify deep

505
00:27:47.960 --> 00:27:51.519
beneath the Earth's surface. The authors used the combination of

506
00:27:51.559 --> 00:27:55.759
computer simulations and laboratory melting experiments to show that magmas

507
00:27:55.799 --> 00:27:59.759
produced by this hybrid source closely match the chemical composition

508
00:27:59.839 --> 00:28:03.200
of post collisional igneous rocks found across the planet. The

509
00:28:03.319 --> 00:28:06.799
findings may also help solve a long standing geological puzzle

510
00:28:07.039 --> 00:28:10.759
why many post collisional plutonic rocks resemble ancient rocks known

511
00:28:10.759 --> 00:28:14.240
as san yucatoids, which formed during the Akaan Eon three

512
00:28:14.279 --> 00:28:18.440
billion years ago. The origin of modern day plate tectonics

513
00:28:18.480 --> 00:28:20.880
is an ongoing matter of controversy for many in the

514
00:28:20.920 --> 00:28:25.519
scientific community. According to the authors, this similarity suggests that

515
00:28:25.559 --> 00:28:29.960
crust metal hybridization has been a fundamental process for billions

516
00:28:29.960 --> 00:28:34.160
of years, potentially pinpointing the earlier stages of plate tectonics.

517
00:28:34.160 --> 00:28:39.039
On Earth. It implies that complex plate tectonic interactions involving

518
00:28:39.119 --> 00:28:42.480
continental subduction and crust mantal mixing may have been active

519
00:28:42.599 --> 00:28:45.400
much earlier in Earth's history than previously understood.

520
00:28:46.279 --> 00:29:03.400
This is space time and time.

521
00:29:03.440 --> 00:29:05.079
That'll take another brief look at some of the other

522
00:29:05.119 --> 00:29:08.279
stories making news and science this week with the Science Report.

523
00:29:09.240 --> 00:29:11.920
A new study shows that dentists had been drilling teeth

524
00:29:12.000 --> 00:29:16.200
to treat cavities for almost sixty thousand years. The findings,

525
00:29:16.359 --> 00:29:19.039
reported in the journal Plus One, followed the discovery of

526
00:29:19.039 --> 00:29:22.279
a tooth in a Russian cave, suggesting that Neanderthals had

527
00:29:22.279 --> 00:29:25.359
the know how to identify tooth infection and the murder

528
00:29:25.440 --> 00:29:28.880
skills to drill out the damage. The single molar tooth

529
00:29:28.880 --> 00:29:31.079
they discovered had a deep hole in the center with

530
00:29:31.160 --> 00:29:33.640
the same shape and pattern that researchers were able to

531
00:29:33.680 --> 00:29:36.519
recreate by drilling into a modern tooth with a stone

532
00:29:36.599 --> 00:29:39.160
till that was similar to the tools found in the cave.

533
00:29:39.920 --> 00:29:43.119
Needless to say, the procedure would have hurt. The authors

534
00:29:43.119 --> 00:29:46.200
say it's the first time such behavior has been demonstrated

535
00:29:46.240 --> 00:29:49.240
outside Homo sapiens, and it pushes back the date for

536
00:29:49.279 --> 00:29:51.680
the earliest use of this type of behavior by more

537
00:29:51.720 --> 00:29:56.559
than forty thousand years. A new study has warned that

538
00:29:56.599 --> 00:30:00.319
even moderate increases in average temperatures heightens the likelyhoo of

539
00:30:00.400 --> 00:30:04.319
koala deaths. The findings are reported in the journal Biology Letters,

540
00:30:04.480 --> 00:30:07.599
based on an analysis of some twelve thousand koala rescues

541
00:30:07.640 --> 00:30:10.119
in New South Wales between the year two thy and

542
00:30:10.160 --> 00:30:14.720
twenty twenty two. The authors found koala death increased once

543
00:30:14.759 --> 00:30:19.400
average temperatures exceeded twenty seven degrees celsius. At Exposure above

544
00:30:19.480 --> 00:30:22.319
thirty degrees celsius increased the odds of death by up

545
00:30:22.319 --> 00:30:25.599
to three and a half times compared with individuals exposed

546
00:30:25.640 --> 00:30:30.400
to just twenty five degrees celsius. And you study warns

547
00:30:30.440 --> 00:30:32.519
that one in six kids who have access to the

548
00:30:32.559 --> 00:30:36.480
Internet are now experiencing some form of online sexual exploitation

549
00:30:36.599 --> 00:30:40.200
or abuse. The findings, reported in the journal Nature, looked

550
00:30:40.240 --> 00:30:42.960
at a survey of nearly twelve thousand children aged between

551
00:30:43.000 --> 00:30:46.480
twelve and seventeen in twelve countries across Asia and Africa,

552
00:30:46.519 --> 00:30:49.279
and say that over the area surveyed, these numbers are

553
00:30:49.319 --> 00:30:54.319
equivalent to more than ten million kids worldwide experiencing this abuse. Now,

554
00:30:54.359 --> 00:30:59.200
this included receiving unwanted sexual images, being pressured into sexual conversations,

555
00:30:59.319 --> 00:31:03.680
having private images shared without the consent, or being blackmailed online.

556
00:31:04.160 --> 00:31:06.960
The authors found that children did disclose more than half

557
00:31:07.039 --> 00:31:09.880
of the incidents, and when they did, they tended to

558
00:31:09.920 --> 00:31:13.160
only tell their friends rather than their parents, the cops

559
00:31:13.240 --> 00:31:17.640
or kids Health lines. Ro Kid have now released their

560
00:31:17.680 --> 00:31:21.160
new smart glasses in Australia with the details were joined

561
00:31:21.160 --> 00:31:24.920
by Technology But to Alex Hart from tech Advice Start Life,

562
00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:25.880
they've got three models.

563
00:31:25.920 --> 00:31:29.240
One is a model that has no screen, it's just audio.

564
00:31:29.599 --> 00:31:32.720
The second one you actually have a like a green screen,

565
00:31:32.960 --> 00:31:36.000
like the old fashioned nineteen late nineteen seventies or nineteen

566
00:31:36.039 --> 00:31:39.920
eighties green screens where you can look through the glasses

567
00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:43.240
and you can see this information appearing in front of

568
00:31:43.279 --> 00:31:45.279
your eye, so you can use it as a teleprompter.

569
00:31:45.599 --> 00:31:48.440
You can chat with Chad Jibytil Gemini. You can look

570
00:31:48.440 --> 00:31:51.559
at text that's in a different language and have it

571
00:31:51.640 --> 00:31:54.799
translated to English. You can actually have someone speaking to

572
00:31:54.799 --> 00:31:57.599
you in a different language and it's then translated into

573
00:31:57.640 --> 00:31:59.880
English or into French or some of the language. For

574
00:32:00.359 --> 00:32:02.519
I had somebody at the launch that I was at

575
00:32:02.599 --> 00:32:04.640
speaking to me in Chinese and I saw it translated

576
00:32:04.759 --> 00:32:07.160
to French. And you can also have as a pair

577
00:32:07.200 --> 00:32:09.480
of Bluetooth headphones, so the sound comes out of the

578
00:32:09.720 --> 00:32:11.960
arms that go over your ears. You're supposed to also

579
00:32:12.000 --> 00:32:13.720
be able to use it as a turn by turn

580
00:32:13.799 --> 00:32:17.119
map and you can slide your finger on the right

581
00:32:17.400 --> 00:32:21.079
arm to go through the different menus. You can say hey, rocket,

582
00:32:21.279 --> 00:32:23.079
and it will then listen to you and you can

583
00:32:23.079 --> 00:32:25.799
ask the questions which goes through to the AI. And

584
00:32:25.960 --> 00:32:28.279
it's only forty nine grams, so it looks like a

585
00:32:28.319 --> 00:32:30.559
normal pair of glasses, but it has a camera that

586
00:32:30.599 --> 00:32:32.519
can take photographs and you have to look really close

587
00:32:32.519 --> 00:32:34.079
to you actually see it has a little camera there.

588
00:32:34.160 --> 00:32:36.319
So this is the sort of glasses that are going

589
00:32:36.359 --> 00:32:38.559
to become a lot more commonplace. They also had a

590
00:32:38.559 --> 00:32:40.559
third model, which is spatial glasses, where you put it

591
00:32:40.599 --> 00:32:43.440
on and you can actually see an Android interface where

592
00:32:43.440 --> 00:32:44.839
you can have different apps. And I brought up the

593
00:32:44.880 --> 00:32:47.400
browser and you know, I could see it y that

594
00:32:47.440 --> 00:32:49.279
I write for what I could see the website there

595
00:32:49.279 --> 00:32:51.160
and I had a little puck in my hand. This

596
00:32:51.240 --> 00:32:53.880
is the third spatial glasses, separate from the ones that

597
00:32:53.880 --> 00:32:56.359
had the green screen and this is awful color. And

598
00:32:56.720 --> 00:32:59.240
the little puck that's connected via a cable looks like

599
00:32:59.319 --> 00:33:03.079
an original two thousand and seven iPhone. It's quite uncaddy

600
00:33:03.160 --> 00:33:05.279
how it looks like that. And you can swivele your

601
00:33:05.400 --> 00:33:08.599
thumb around to control the pointer and you can use

602
00:33:08.640 --> 00:33:10.440
two fingers on the puck to then scroll up and

603
00:33:10.440 --> 00:33:12.880
down on webpages. So it had three different pairs of glasses,

604
00:33:12.880 --> 00:33:14.920
but the one that they're really promoting is the one

605
00:33:14.920 --> 00:33:17.240
that is the AI slash Ar glasses. Now there are

606
00:33:17.319 --> 00:33:20.400
thousand and ninety nine dollars to purchase, so you know

607
00:33:20.480 --> 00:33:23.680
it's not cheap, but it's not super expensive either. Do

608
00:33:23.799 --> 00:33:25.839
need to pair it with your iPhone and your Android,

609
00:33:26.039 --> 00:33:28.839
and it's got about eight hours of battery life. Obviously

610
00:33:28.839 --> 00:33:32.079
is less if you're using it for English transcription where

611
00:33:32.079 --> 00:33:35.720
you get subtitles. It's the beginning of this change when

612
00:33:35.880 --> 00:33:37.799
instead of us having to hold the device in our

613
00:33:37.799 --> 00:33:39.559
hands and look at that, we actually have it as

614
00:33:39.599 --> 00:33:42.680
a heads up display. I mean, there's real utility to

615
00:33:42.759 --> 00:33:46.000
these glasses. Obviously over time they're going to get more

616
00:33:46.279 --> 00:33:49.200
advanced and better. And we do have glasses from Google

617
00:33:49.240 --> 00:33:51.519
and also the ones from Meta which is Facebook that

618
00:33:51.599 --> 00:33:54.720
have a color display. But we're seeing basically the beginnings

619
00:33:54.720 --> 00:33:58.319
of these devices becoming useful, and they're only going to

620
00:33:58.359 --> 00:34:01.039
get cheaper in the future, more features and have more

621
00:34:01.079 --> 00:34:01.640
battery life.

622
00:34:01.759 --> 00:34:06.200
That's alex Ohrovrouyd from Take Advice, Start Life, and this

623
00:34:06.319 --> 00:34:25.440
is Spacetime, and that's the show for now. Spacetime is

624
00:34:25.480 --> 00:34:30.960
available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through at bytes dot com, SoundCloud, YouTube,

625
00:34:31.079 --> 00:34:34.559
your favorite podcast download provider, and from space Time with

626
00:34:34.679 --> 00:34:38.480
Stuart Gary dot com. Space Time's also broadcast through the

627
00:34:38.559 --> 00:34:42.039
National Science Foundation, on Science Own Radio and on both

628
00:34:42.079 --> 00:34:45.559
iHeartRadio and tune In Radio. And you can help to

629
00:34:45.559 --> 00:34:48.559
support our show by visiting the Spacetime store for a

630
00:34:48.679 --> 00:34:53.280
range of promotional merchandising goodies, or by becoming a Spacetime Patron,

631
00:34:53.440 --> 00:34:56.559
which gives you access to triple episode commercial free versions

632
00:34:56.599 --> 00:34:58.920
of the show, as well as lots of bonnus audio

633
00:34:58.960 --> 00:35:02.760
content which doesn't go away, access to our exclusive Facebook group,

634
00:35:02.840 --> 00:35:06.159
and other rewards. Just go to space Time with Stewart

635
00:35:06.199 --> 00:35:08.239
Gary dot com for full details.

636
00:35:09.039 --> 00:35:12.280
You've been listening to space Time with Steward Gary. This

637
00:35:12.360 --> 00:35:19.079
has been another quality podcast production from bytes dot com