Building the Future: NASA's Ambitious Plans for a Moon Base

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Stuart Gary: This is space time series 29 episode

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120 full broadcast on 7

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October 2026 coming up on

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Space Time, NASA adds new science

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investigations for its moon base. New

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secrets revealed about the Martian north

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pole. And NASA and Boeing provide

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an update on um, their troubled starliner

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spacecraft. All that and more coming up

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on uh, Space Time.

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Welcome to Space Time with Stuart

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G.

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NASA's added payload suites for three new

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lunar scientific investigations as part of

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efforts paving the way for humanity's first

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moon base. NASA and allied space

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agencies are developing plans to return

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humans to the lunar surface and establish a

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permanent base on the Moon's south pole under

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the Artemis Artemis programme as part of

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efforts to eventually land humans on Mars.

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The new payloads will help researchers

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understand lunar resources, better map

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natural shelters on the moon and assess

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environmental hazards there. The three

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payload suites include a lunar South Pole

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Environment Monitoring Station. It will

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provide long term environmental and hazard

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monitoring, recording micrometeoroid impacts

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and tracking the abundance of volatiles,

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materials that can easily shift into gas

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which drift into the Moon's thin atmospheric

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layer called an exosphere. The technology

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includes a short period seismometer to detect

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seismic events, providing crucial hazard

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assessment in order to ensure the safety of

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moon based hardware. Then there's a

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geophysical investigation mapping the lunar

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interior which will deploy a payload of the

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Marius Hill pit on the lunar surface to hunt

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for subterranean lava tubes, aiding in

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understanding a fundamental lunar volcanic

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process. This will scan beneath the

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Moon's surface to see whether the Mareus

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Hills pit leads to a large underground lava

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chamber. If it does, these natural

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underground spaces could offer future

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astronauts ready made protection from extreme

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temperatures and harmful radiation. Important

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groundwork for safe long term living on the

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moon. Confirming these void spaces now

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could shift future habitat planning, offering

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natural ready made shelters that provide

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crucial thermal stability and shielding from

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deadly ionising radiation and the threat of

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a meteoroid bombardment. Finally,

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there's a spectral depth imager uh, which

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will provide the first direct on ground

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measurements of ice hidden in lunar cold

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traps, laying the groundwork for lunar

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resource utilisation and surface operations.

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See, water ice could be converted into

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drinking water. It could be split into

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separate hydrogen and oxygen for rocket fuel.

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Or the oxygen could simply be used for

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breathing as well as pinpointing where ice

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exists and how much of it is there. This

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payload will also study how the lunar surface

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behaves, how rocket exhausts disturbed the

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ground and how stable it is for mobility.

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It's all part of NASA's Artemis programme to

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return humans to the moon this time to stay.

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This report From NASA tv.

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This is drawing on the playbook of success

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from the 1960s.

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NASA TV: We're bringing it back.

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Stuart Gary: This is how you do the near impossible. We're

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learning and building up to doing something

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extremely hard.

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Speaker C: A permanent human presence on the moon may

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sound like science fiction, but, but it's

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already taking shape. The ideas are

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becoming hardware, the plans are becoming

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missions. The future is happening now.

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Stuart Gary: Being able to see moon base elements,

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getting to the finish line is just awesome.

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Speaker C: We're taking you behind the scenes to show

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you how

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NASA TV: people are looking up again, believing in big

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things again. America is returning

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to the moon.

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Stuart Gary: To build a moon base, we're going to need to

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achieve the near impossible.

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Speaker C: NASA is building a moon base, a place where

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astronauts will live, work and conduct

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science on and around the moon. Now, building

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a moon base won't happen all at once. It will

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take more than 20 lunar landings during the

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first phase, with each mission delivering the

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equipment, technology and science needed

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to build, learn and improve. We're

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travelling across the country to meet the

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companies building lunar landers for upcoming

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flights and see how they're preparing for

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their next missions to the moon.

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Just north of Austin, Texas, Firefly

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Aerospace is preparing for its second mission

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to the moon. NASA's Carlos Garcia Galan is

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taking us, uh, inside its headquarters where

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engineers are preparing the lunar lander for

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its upcoming mission.

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Stuart Gary: Love to see the hardware ready for moon base

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mission Blue Ghost 2. So tell us a little bit

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about

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Jonathan Nally: what we're looking at.

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Jonathan Nally: Yeah, so what we're looking at right here is,

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uh, like you mentioned, our Blue Ghost

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Mission two lunar lander. The lander is now

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stacked. It's starting to really look like a

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lander. And we're getting ready to install

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our electronics and all our payloads. Blue

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Ghost Mission 2, the lander is going to the

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far side of the moon. And that is really

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driven by one of the payloads that will sit

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on the top deck of the lander. It's called

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Lucy Night. So that's a radio astronomy

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telescope. So they want to sit on the far

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side of the moon, away from all the noise

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from Earth. So the moon's kind of blocking

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all of that. And they're looking back at the

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cosmic dark ages. So that's a very

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amazing payload. Yeah. Um, we will also have

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another payload that we will have put into

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orbit. So it'll be in an orbit around the

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moon. So that's Lunar Pathfinder. We have a

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rover on board.

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Stuart Gary: Super exciting.

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Jonathan Nally: Yeah. So that'll be our first mobility

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payload that we have. So, um, all of those

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are coming along with us. They're each going

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to gather science, technology, data and it

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can all be used on future missions. A lot of

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the people that worked on Mission one are

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still here working on Mission two. So we have

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all that knowledge still in house. And then

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you're implementing all the lessons learned

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because we have all that great data from Blue

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Ghost Mission one. Um, so it does feel

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easier. So it feels like the wheel is

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starting to really turn a lot faster. And

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then we've got these other moon based awards.

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So it's really about can you make it

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repeatable, can you produce it? Yeah.

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Stuart Gary: Uh, can you be successful several times? Is

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the excitement building up?

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Jonathan Nally: Oh, yeah.

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Stuart Gary: I mean, you're getting pretty close.

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Jonathan Nally: Yeah.

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I think, um, anytime that you have something

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in the clean room where it's like, you look

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at it and you know, like, that's my lander

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that's going to the moon, it's also humbling.

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It's like, hey, we did it one time, but now

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we need to do it 2, 3, 4. We need to keep

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doing it and keep upping the bar and getting

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better each time.

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Speaker C: Over on the West Coast, NASA's Ryan Stephan

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is at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in

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California, where Voyager Lunar Systems

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Gryphon 1 Lander has arrived for

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environmental testing.

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Speaker F: This larger lander is an infrastructure class

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lander. It's not just meant for scientific

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payloads and instrumentation, but also

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it's made to basically take equipment

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and infrastructure level capability and

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deliver that to the lunar surface. It's also

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landing in the South Pole where the

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terrain is a little bit harsher, it's a

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little bit more dangerous to land. It

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requires precision navigation, guidance and

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control to land in safe locations.

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This lander will be taking a total of, uh, 10

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payloads, the largest of which, the uh,

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Astrolabe Flip rover is the largest

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commercial payload to ever be delivered to

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the lunar south pole. So we're thousands of

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miles away from where you guys assembled the

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spacecraft. Why did you decide to bring south

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to Southern California? Jet Propulsion

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Laboratory has some of the best, most capable

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environmental testing facilities in the

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world. And for a, uh, lunar lander this size,

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really what we want to do is test the

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spacecraft, put it through its paces. Right

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now, Gryphon is fixtured on top of the mass

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properties fixture, which is the black thing

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you see in front of it. Basically we are

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testing to measure the mass of the

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vehicle, the total mass, the centre of

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gravity, the moment of inertia, so that we

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know the exact configuration of the flight

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vehicle when we get back. We will finish

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reviewing a lot of the test data that we've

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done here, correlating to our models and our

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pre test predictions, modifying those based

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on the feedback that we've got during this

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testing and potentially addressing any

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findings on the ground here while we have the

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chance before we launch later this year.

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It'll be exciting.

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Speaker C: On the East Coast, NASA's Courtney Abeglin is

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at Blue Origin's testing facility in Cape

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Canaveral, Florida to see the latest on the

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Blue Moon Mark one lander.

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Speaker G: Mark one, serial number one is designed to

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prove out the core technologies for Blue

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Origin that we will eventually apply to the,

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the human landing missions of Artemis. So

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it's our liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen

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systems, it's our precision landing

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capabilities, it's also our ability to

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offload large amounts of cargo.

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Speaker C: I see a lot of people working on this lander.

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Speaker G: Can you tell us what uh, is

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Speaker C: left for this lander in order to make it fly?

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Speaker G: We just completed our thermal vacuum testing

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at Johnson Space Centre in January and

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February of this year. We then brought the

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vehicle back. We did a number of tests. We

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first tested our RF compatibility within

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TDRS satellite system as well as a deep space

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network. We also have tested how

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our vehicle reacts during stage separation

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from the New Glenn vehicle. We've tested the

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acoustic environment and soon we'll be

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testing our cryogenic propellant system.

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We've just completed our fit checks of our

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BE7 main engine, the actual engine that will

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fly to the moon. That went perfectly. And so

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we're now closing up these tests and we'll be

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ready for New Glenn. As you know, we had the

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mishap uh, at the pad with uh, New Glenn. The

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team there is making phenomenal progress. We

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are working to have serial number one ready

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and stored in a quiescent state for when New

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Glenn is ready. We expect that launch to

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occur in Q1 of 2027. And once

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that's complete, we'll now continue on to

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serial numbers 2, 3 and 4. We're also

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carrying NASA payloads, the Scalps payload,

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which will allow us to visualise

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what the exhaust from our BE7 engine is doing

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to the surface of the moon. So that will feed

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forward to heavier landers in the future. We

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also carry a retroreflector from NASA on this

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mission. NASA's been a phenomenal partner to

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us. They've been working hand in hand with

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us. And uh, that's what's going to allow

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these four serial numbers to come off the

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assembly line as quickly as they are

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Speaker C: in Houston. NASA's Adam Schlesinger

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is at Intuitive Machines headquarters getting

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an up close look at how the Nova Sealander is

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being prepared for its third mission to the

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moon.

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NASA TV: So this spacecraft is our Nova C. This is our

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IM3 vehicle. As you can see up, um, on the

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top is the methane tank. The oxygen tank is

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below. The engine actually sits right here.

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Underneath this is the engine deck. You can

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see that we've just put the top deck onto

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this spacecraft. So we're excited. Within the

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next month we're going to be putting the

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engine in and we'll be taking it outside for

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a hot fire test to confirm that the engine is

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ready to go for launch.

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Speaker G: Great. And after that test, what's the path

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look like to get to launch?

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NASA TV: We bring it back inside here. The payloads

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sit on panels that go on the outside of this

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spacecraft. So we'll bring those panels in,

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we do integrated testing and then we do some

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vibration testing, we send it down to the

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cape and we uh, get ready for launch. This

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vehicle will have five NASA payloads looking

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at the magnetic anomaly that's at Reiner

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Gamma on the near side of the moon. So it's a

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super exciting science mission. We're also

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doing other science. So we have six,

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uh, commercial payloads, we have a payload

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from the Italian Space Agency, and we have

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the five NASA payloads doing lots of

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different types of science.

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Speaker G: And this is the third IM Eclipse delivery.

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Can you talk about, uh, some of the lessons

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learned from the previous two and how that's

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being applied to this one?

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NASA TV: Yeah, absolutely. So on IM1, which was in

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2024 and IM2, which was in 2025, we learned

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lessons. We learned things about this

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spacecraft. We learned how it landed and how

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we could make it better. And so we're

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integrating all of those lessons learned into

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this spacecraft and our future spacecraft IM

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3, 4, 5 and 6, uh, which are

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all on schedule to extend the Moon base

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capability.

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Speaker C: These lunar landers will soon deliver the

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science and technology that will turn the

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Moon base into a reality. But there's

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even more ahead. The lunar south

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pole is one of the harshest environments with

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extreme temperatures ranging from

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-334 degrees

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Fahrenheit to over 130

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degrees. This huge swing means the power,

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communications and landing systems we build

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must withstand both intense cold and

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strong heat. This is no small task. So

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NASA is teaming up with Northrop Grumman on

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three new technology demonstrations that will

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be delivered to the Lunar service. Beginning

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in phase one. The goal is to

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reuse key power, avionics and

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communication systems. Originally developed

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for the Gateway programme's Halo module,

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these test missions will give new purpose to

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existing hardware to help build the

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infrastructure that Artemis crews and robotic

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explorers will depend on. At the movie Moon

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Base and in

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Stuart Gary: that report from NASA tv, we heard from NASA

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Moonbase Project Manager Carlos Garcia

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Garlen, Ray Allensworth from Firefly

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Aerospace, Nick Newell from Voyager

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Lunar Systems, Ryan Stephen from NASA

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Moon Base, John Calouras from Blue Origin,

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Courtney Adaglin from NASA Moon Base, Trent

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Martin from Intuitive Machines, and Adam

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Schoessinger from NASA Moon Base.

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And this is space time still to

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come. New secrets revealed about the Martian

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North Pole. And NASA and Boeing provide an

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update on, um, their troubled Starliner

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spacecraft. All that and more still to come

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on, uh, space time.

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A new study is found at. The Martian North

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Carolina pole is far less dusty than

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previously thought. Although Mars may once

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have resembled our Earth, the rocky Red

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Planet now appears to be far from hospitable.

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Still, certain details, such as ice bound

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water pique scientists Curiosity. Just

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like on Earth, Martian ice contains a

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valuable record of past climate that could

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say whether the Red Planet hosts or ever has

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hosted life. Aside from the poles where the

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ice is exposed, most Martian ice is buried

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beneath a dusty surface layer. And

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dust impacts climate by darkening the ice,

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which changes how much sunlight is reflected

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back into space. One of the study's

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authors, Aditya Kula from the University of

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Washington, says astronomers know there's

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water ice in the area surrounding the Martian

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north pole, but there's been widespread

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disagreement on how dusty that ice is.

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If it's dustier, uh, the ice will be darker.

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And just like a dark T shirt in the sun makes

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you feel warmer. Dusty ice gets warmer and,

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and vaporises faster. On Mars,

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much of what scientists know about how

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Earth's climate has evolved through millennia

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comes from ice sampling. Scientists drill

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deep into the polar ice and draw out long ice

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core samples containing a record of the local

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atmosphere. Just like tree rings, these

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records can be dated to ancient periods of

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Earth's history. But this is no easy

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task here on Earth. And it's even more

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complicated on the red planet, Mars. Back

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in 2008, NASA's Mars Phoenix Lander

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successfully sampled ice near the Martian

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north pole, a major triumph after the

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previous Mars Polar Lander mission went

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missing near the south pole of Mars in 1999

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due to the simple failure of scientists and

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engineers to convert Imperial to metric

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measurements. In this new study, the authors

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used data from that Mars Phoenix Lander

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mission combined with observations from

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orbiting satellites Several years

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ago, Kuhler discovered a discrepancy in the

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way researchers were analysing the physical

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properties of ice on Mars. The approach

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was developed for studying regolith on the

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Moon, but when Kohler checked its accuracy on

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Earth, the results seemed off. In this

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study, the authors redid the calculations

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using a different method successfully used to

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study snow and ice on Earth. The new results,

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reported in the journal Space Exploration,

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suggest that the north Pole of Mars is

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stacked with layers of dustier ice. Between

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slabs of cleaner ice. A dusty

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layer of frost forms over the ice every

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winter, but then sublimates and disappears in

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summer, revealing older, cleaner ice.

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Previous estimates suggested that the top

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layer of polar ice contained as much as

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25% dust biomass, but this study

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suggests it's closer to just 3%.

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Kuhler says by looking at how brightness

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changes over time, the team figured out that

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there's got to be a frost which is forming in

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the winter and is therefore more dusty, and

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then in the Martian summer it goes away,

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exposing the cleaner, older ice beneath.

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These layers contain key details about the

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climate of Mars thousands of years ago, when

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the ice is thought to have formed from

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snowfall. See, Mars has

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experienced massive ice ages that have

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deposited shallow ice on roughly a third of

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the entire planet. Kuhler points out that our

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Earth is stabilised by the gravitational pull

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of its moon. On the other hand, Mars, having

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only two very small moons, Phobos and Deimos,

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oscillates wildly, causing dramatic ice

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ages. Kuhler and colleagues previously

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suggested that the layers of ice and dust

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could create conditions for life on Mars.

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You see, the dark layers could help trap

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sunlight and form pockets of meltwater within

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the ice. And these pockets, enriched with

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nutrients from the dust, could potentially

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host any bacteria and primitive life forms

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living on the Red Planet. You see, similar

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pockets of shallow, dusty meltwater found in

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ice on Earth are often teeming with life in

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the summer. Then in the winter, the liquid

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water freezes and the microbes become dormant

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until the next summer. The fact that

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Mars and Earth both have similar layers of

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water, ice and dust is interesting, which

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begs the question, why does one planet have

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life and the other doesn't?

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This is spacetime. Still to

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come. NASA and Boeing provide a new update on

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the troubled Starliner spacecraft. And later

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in the science report, new evidence suggests

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there are hidden chambers in the tomb of

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Tutankhamun in Egypt's Valley of the

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Kings. All that and more still to come

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on, um, space time.

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NASA has provided a new update on Boeing's

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trouble plagued Starliner CST100

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spacecraft. The agency supplied a new

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launch programme for the mission, including

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additional crew flights and certifying a new

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rocket for crew transportation to low Earth

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orbit. The crisis stricken

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Starliner vehicle was meant to complement

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SpaceX's Dragon capsules regularly

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transporting crew to from the International

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Space Station. But unlike Dragon's

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smooth entry into the commercial crew

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programme, Starliners suffered model

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problems during both its unmanned and manned

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test flights, including stranding astronauts

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on the station for half a year back in 2024

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and 2025 after reliability concerns

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peaked following spacecraft engine failures

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and persistent helium leaks. The

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initial return to flight status plans called

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for just four manned Starliner missions for

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NASA. Now an additional two manned

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missions have been slated to transport crew

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to the space station, and NASA is also

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working to have the United Launch Alliance's

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new Vulcan rocket certified for manned

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spaceflight after the existing Atlas V

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rockets phased out. The new programme

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calls for another unmanned Starliner 1

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mission to the space station in order to

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validate fixes which have now been made to

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the spacecraft and to gather more flight data

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from there. NASA and Boeing will use what

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they've learned to continue implementing any

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corrective actions identified and complete

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the test, testing and certification required

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for manned spaceflight. Then there will be a

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ah return to crew missions on Starliner 2 by

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2028. Back in February,

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NASA released the findings from the agency's

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inquiry into Starliner's ongoing problems.

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They eventually made no less than 61

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recommendations needed to meet the standards

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required for future human spaceflight

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missions. That report specifically identified

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issues with Starliner service module's

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reaction control thrusters which were

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operating outside their engineering qualific

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and that resulted in the loss of control

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experienced during the Starliner crew flight

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test mission. Through significant ground

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testing and analysis, NASA and Boeing have

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learned that the service module thruster

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performance issues resulted from a

510
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combination of factors including the thermal

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environment as well as features inherent to

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the design itself. Based on these findings,

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Boeing has now made thermal modifications to

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the spacecraft service module, which NASA

515
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will now uh evaluate for improved performance

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on the Starliner 1 test mission. NASA

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and Boeing have also decided to implement an

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additional thruster valve design modification

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in support of the spacecraft certification

520
00:21:21.340 --> 00:21:24.300
for future crewed flight. Right now, the

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unmanned Starliner 1 mission has the

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potential to fly as soon as December this

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year, although January next year is more

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likely. That will serve as an engineering

525
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evaluation mission to verify improved thermal

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environments, obtain necessary performance

527
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data for system qualifications and identify

528
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residual risks ahead of any manned missions.

529
00:21:44.570 --> 00:21:46.370
Following the flight, NASA and Boeing will

530
00:21:46.370 --> 00:21:48.330
complete the service module thruster valve

531
00:21:48.330 --> 00:21:50.770
design modifications addressing poppet seal

532
00:21:50.770 --> 00:21:53.370
extrusion and its adverse effects on thruster

533
00:21:53.370 --> 00:21:56.170
performance. Boeing will also implement other

534
00:21:56.170 --> 00:21:58.330
improvements across the spacecraft, including

535
00:21:58.330 --> 00:22:00.370
the installation of new crew module

536
00:22:00.370 --> 00:22:03.010
thrusters, new batteries and modifications to

537
00:22:03.010 --> 00:22:05.050
the parachute system for improved performance

538
00:22:05.050 --> 00:22:07.930
and reliability. Modifications already

539
00:22:07.930 --> 00:22:10.250
made to the design include removing the

540
00:22:10.250 --> 00:22:12.730
entire wiring harness, which is fitted with

541
00:22:12.730 --> 00:22:15.050
insulation that was prone to catch fire.

542
00:22:15.860 --> 00:22:18.340
Clearly, Starliner hasn't been good for

543
00:22:18.340 --> 00:22:21.260
Boeing's quality control. This is

544
00:22:21.260 --> 00:22:21.940
space, time.

545
00:22:37.620 --> 00:22:39.780
And time now to take another brief look at

546
00:22:39.780 --> 00:22:41.260
some of the other stories making news in

547
00:22:41.260 --> 00:22:43.360
Science this week with a Science report.

548
00:22:44.160 --> 00:22:46.640
A new study has warned that every 10%

549
00:22:46.640 --> 00:22:49.280
increase in emergency room occupancy levels

550
00:22:49.280 --> 00:22:51.920
leads to a 1% increase in death rates.

551
00:22:52.240 --> 00:22:54.400
The findings, reported to the European

552
00:22:54.400 --> 00:22:56.680
Emergency Medical Congress, looked into data

553
00:22:56.680 --> 00:22:59.480
on over 19,000 patients treated at

554
00:22:59.480 --> 00:23:01.920
134ers across the UK

555
00:23:02.160 --> 00:23:04.360
and compared the number of patient deaths

556
00:23:04.360 --> 00:23:06.840
within 28 days of being treated against how

557
00:23:06.840 --> 00:23:08.920
many patients were being seen on the same

558
00:23:08.920 --> 00:23:11.740
day. The study clearly showed that

559
00:23:11.740 --> 00:23:14.340
on average, emergency rooms were operating at

560
00:23:14.340 --> 00:23:17.180
175% occupancy, and when

561
00:23:17.180 --> 00:23:19.340
overcrowding started to push patients into

562
00:23:19.340 --> 00:23:21.500
being seen in corridors, there was also an

563
00:23:21.500 --> 00:23:23.900
increased risk of dying, which was in line

564
00:23:23.900 --> 00:23:26.300
with the risk associated with the occupancy

565
00:23:26.300 --> 00:23:29.300
rates. And these problems aren't unique

566
00:23:29.300 --> 00:23:32.100
to British emergency rooms. We find

567
00:23:32.100 --> 00:23:34.540
exactly the same overcrowding and ramping

568
00:23:34.540 --> 00:23:36.940
taking place in the United States and across

569
00:23:37.100 --> 00:23:38.860
Australian hospitals as well as

570
00:23:40.370 --> 00:23:42.730
A new study warns that scientists are still

571
00:23:42.730 --> 00:23:45.530
unsure about the true threat status of around

572
00:23:45.530 --> 00:23:47.730
one in three Australian bird species,

573
00:23:47.730 --> 00:23:50.370
including 48 threatened species of bird.

574
00:23:50.690 --> 00:23:52.490
The findings, reported in the Journal of

575
00:23:52.490 --> 00:23:54.650
Pacific Conservation Biology, highlights a

576
00:23:54.650 --> 00:23:56.890
major challenge for efforts to prioritise

577
00:23:56.890 --> 00:23:59.730
bird conservation. The authors also found

578
00:23:59.730 --> 00:24:01.970
that the low levels of certainty were more

579
00:24:01.970 --> 00:24:04.130
pronounced among near threatened species,

580
00:24:04.210 --> 00:24:06.490
with around two in three birds in this group

581
00:24:06.490 --> 00:24:09.410
classified as having low certainty. They say

582
00:24:09.410 --> 00:24:11.730
it shows there's uncertainty about species

583
00:24:11.730 --> 00:24:13.890
status even among Australian species

584
00:24:13.890 --> 00:24:16.090
considered at immediate risk of extinction,

585
00:24:16.090 --> 00:24:18.490
and research needs to be targeted at those

586
00:24:18.490 --> 00:24:20.850
species with the lowest level of certainty.

587
00:24:22.210 --> 00:24:24.090
Archaeologists say they've found evidence

588
00:24:24.090 --> 00:24:26.170
suggesting there are hidden chambers in the

589
00:24:26.170 --> 00:24:28.890
tomb of Tutankhamun in Egypt's Valley of the

590
00:24:28.890 --> 00:24:31.410
Kings. A report in the Journal of the

591
00:24:31.410 --> 00:24:33.890
Occasional Papers of the Amarna Royal Tombs

592
00:24:33.890 --> 00:24:36.370
Project claims the as yet unexplored chambers

593
00:24:36.370 --> 00:24:38.570
of King Tut's tomb could hold the remains of

594
00:24:38.570 --> 00:24:41.470
the Egyptian queen Nefertiti. The authors

595
00:24:41.470 --> 00:24:43.510
are basing their assertions on geophysical

596
00:24:43.510 --> 00:24:45.670
surveys, including the first use of

597
00:24:45.670 --> 00:24:48.030
gravitational techniques to probe the density

598
00:24:48.030 --> 00:24:50.470
of the ground around the boy king's tomb

599
00:24:50.470 --> 00:24:53.270
site. A new study

600
00:24:53.270 --> 00:24:55.310
has shown that children who use smartphones

601
00:24:55.310 --> 00:24:57.950
by the age of 12 are more likely to report

602
00:24:58.030 --> 00:25:00.270
eating disorder symptoms like binge eating

603
00:25:00.270 --> 00:25:03.230
and tying self worth to weight by

604
00:25:03.230 --> 00:25:05.830
age 14. Almost one in four kids who have a

605
00:25:05.830 --> 00:25:08.350
smartphone at age 12 reported at least one

606
00:25:08.350 --> 00:25:10.640
eating disorder symptoms, compared to fewer

607
00:25:10.640 --> 00:25:12.400
than one in six kids who didn't have a

608
00:25:12.400 --> 00:25:15.280
smartphone by age 12. A report in the Journal

609
00:25:15.280 --> 00:25:17.440
of the American Medical association claims

610
00:25:17.440 --> 00:25:20.160
unsupervised smartphone use at an earlier

611
00:25:20.160 --> 00:25:22.800
age may be increasing exposure to appearance

612
00:25:22.800 --> 00:25:25.640
focused social media during puberty, a time

613
00:25:25.640 --> 00:25:28.120
when kids are especially vulnerable. The

614
00:25:28.120 --> 00:25:30.720
authors say sleep deprivation due to screen

615
00:25:30.720 --> 00:25:33.040
use could also alter appetite and emotions.

616
00:25:33.680 --> 00:25:36.360
They say these findings all support the idea

617
00:25:36.360 --> 00:25:38.760
of delaying the age when kids ah, are first

618
00:25:38.760 --> 00:25:40.000
given smartphones

619
00:25:41.750 --> 00:25:43.750
Big news in the world of tech this week, with

620
00:25:43.750 --> 00:25:45.630
Australia's federal government again trying

621
00:25:45.630 --> 00:25:47.870
to control what you can see online with its

622
00:25:47.870 --> 00:25:50.310
latest 1984 Big Brother star

623
00:25:50.310 --> 00:25:52.950
legislation. And Microsoft's released a new

624
00:25:52.950 --> 00:25:55.190
update for its Windows 11 operating system,

625
00:25:55.350 --> 00:25:57.550
consolidating lots of previous updates you

626
00:25:57.550 --> 00:26:00.150
may have missed. With the details, we're

627
00:26:00.150 --> 00:26:02.350
joined by Technology editor Alex Ah Sahar of

628
00:26:02.350 --> 00:26:02.910
Royt from

629
00:26:02.910 --> 00:26:05.670
Jonathan Nally: Tech Advice Live just launched version

630
00:26:05.670 --> 00:26:08.470
26H2. Now. Rather than any

631
00:26:08.470 --> 00:26:10.470
spectacular new features, this is a

632
00:26:10.470 --> 00:26:12.770
lightweight, cumulative update and it

633
00:26:12.770 --> 00:26:14.610
consolidates a year's worth of feature

634
00:26:14.610 --> 00:26:16.410
rollouts. Basically, it's for those people

635
00:26:16.410 --> 00:26:18.170
who've been delaying their upgrades for

636
00:26:18.170 --> 00:26:20.130
whatever reason. One of the things that you

637
00:26:20.130 --> 00:26:23.050
could do with the old Windows 10 and earlier

638
00:26:23.050 --> 00:26:24.810
taskbar was you could move it up, down, left

639
00:26:24.810 --> 00:26:26.170
or right anywhere on the screen that you

640
00:26:26.170 --> 00:26:28.610
wanted. So this taskbar flexibility has

641
00:26:28.610 --> 00:26:31.450
returned. You can now also toggle a smaller

642
00:26:31.450 --> 00:26:34.330
size taskbar option. They've redesigned the

643
00:26:34.330 --> 00:26:36.890
Start menu again. You've got sizing controls,

644
00:26:36.890 --> 00:26:38.690
we've got smaller versus larger displays.

645
00:26:38.770 --> 00:26:40.690
You've got different sections for pinned

646
00:26:40.690 --> 00:26:43.210
recent, which is typical recommended, and all

647
00:26:43.210 --> 00:26:45.630
apps. And you can even have a category or

648
00:26:45.630 --> 00:26:47.390
grid views and you can hide your name or

649
00:26:47.390 --> 00:26:49.950
profile picture for a cleaner presentation.

650
00:26:49.950 --> 00:26:52.190
But I know people who still use the Start11

651
00:26:52.430 --> 00:26:54.390
app from Stardoc Software, which actually

652
00:26:54.390 --> 00:26:57.350
returns the old Start menu back. You

653
00:26:57.350 --> 00:26:59.430
can have the Windows XP Start menu, the

654
00:26:59.430 --> 00:27:02.070
Windows 95 Start menu, the Windows 7 Start

655
00:27:02.070 --> 00:27:03.830
menu. I mean, I know people who just prefer

656
00:27:03.830 --> 00:27:06.350
that and I put it on for them and they like

657
00:27:06.350 --> 00:27:08.270
it. I mean, if you've been getting automatic

658
00:27:08.270 --> 00:27:09.970
updates all this time and haven't sort of

659
00:27:10.360 --> 00:27:12.520
purposefully paused for any length of time,

660
00:27:12.520 --> 00:27:14.280
then you probably have most of those updates

661
00:27:14.280 --> 00:27:15.720
already. This is just sort of one big

662
00:27:15.720 --> 00:27:16.630
consolidation now.

663
00:27:16.630 --> 00:27:18.640
Stuart Gary: Uh, while I've got you new Legislation

664
00:27:18.640 --> 00:27:20.680
introduced by Australia's Labour government

665
00:27:20.680 --> 00:27:23.120
will give the Communications Minister, Anika

666
00:27:23.120 --> 00:27:25.680
Wells, the power to quite literally censor

667
00:27:25.680 --> 00:27:28.480
and ban any online content that she doesn't

668
00:27:28.480 --> 00:27:30.320
like. Now, this is the second time the

669
00:27:30.320 --> 00:27:32.200
Albanese government's trying to push this, I

670
00:27:32.200 --> 00:27:33.640
think, unprecedented power through

671
00:27:33.640 --> 00:27:35.440
Parliament. They failed last time because,

672
00:27:35.440 --> 00:27:37.240
well, it blatantly violates freedom of

673
00:27:37.240 --> 00:27:39.280
speech. This is a common practice in

674
00:27:39.280 --> 00:27:41.600
socialist and fascist governments. But to me

675
00:27:41.600 --> 00:27:44.600
it sounds awfully like 1984's Big

676
00:27:44.600 --> 00:27:45.720
Brother. What say you?

677
00:27:45.880 --> 00:27:48.520
Jonathan Nally: Absolutely. I mean, this has been a problem

678
00:27:48.760 --> 00:27:51.600
not just with the Labour, socialist, you

679
00:27:51.600 --> 00:27:53.719
know, communist type governments, but Richard

680
00:27:53.719 --> 00:27:55.800
Alston of the Conservative Party in

681
00:27:55.800 --> 00:27:57.280
Australia. I mean, they were trying all sorts

682
00:27:57.280 --> 00:27:59.160
of Internet filters and things as well. So

683
00:27:59.160 --> 00:28:00.960
both sides of politics, the left and right,

684
00:28:00.960 --> 00:28:03.040
are, uh, wings of the same bird. And so, you

685
00:28:03.040 --> 00:28:05.560
know, government. The Uni Party. Yes, the Uni

686
00:28:05.560 --> 00:28:07.480
Party. And governments want control over

687
00:28:07.480 --> 00:28:09.470
their people. They want to stifle dissent.

688
00:28:09.940 --> 00:28:11.860
And, you know, Anthony, uh, Albaneji, the

689
00:28:11.860 --> 00:28:13.220
current Prime Minister, was asked a couple of

690
00:28:13.220 --> 00:28:14.700
years back, you know, what he would do if he

691
00:28:14.700 --> 00:28:17.460
had unlimited power. And his response, which

692
00:28:17.460 --> 00:28:19.540
is effectively terrifying, is that he'd get

693
00:28:19.540 --> 00:28:21.060
rid of social media so that he couldn't be

694
00:28:21.060 --> 00:28:23.340
criticised. He's criticised the images of him

695
00:28:23.340 --> 00:28:25.459
looking like a clown or other unflattering

696
00:28:25.459 --> 00:28:27.260
images. And it's like, mate, you know the

697
00:28:27.260 --> 00:28:29.460
people that try and censor speech, the people

698
00:28:29.460 --> 00:28:31.140
that try and shut things down, they're never

699
00:28:31.140 --> 00:28:33.300
the good guys in history. Never the good

700
00:28:33.300 --> 00:28:33.700
guys.

701
00:28:33.700 --> 00:28:36.180
Stuart Gary: That's Alex Zaharov, Roy from TechAdvice

702
00:28:36.580 --> 00:28:38.960
Life. And this is Space Time.

703
00:28:54.560 --> 00:28:57.560
And that's the show for now. Space Time is

704
00:28:57.560 --> 00:28:59.760
available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday

705
00:28:59.760 --> 00:29:02.320
through bytes.com, soundcloud,

706
00:29:02.320 --> 00:29:04.760
YouTube, your favourite podcast download

707
00:29:04.760 --> 00:29:05.920
provider, and from

708
00:29:05.920 --> 00:29:08.040
spacetimewithstuartgarry.com

709
00:29:08.600 --> 00:29:10.560
spacetime's also broadcast through the

710
00:29:10.560 --> 00:29:12.840
National Science foundation on Science Zone

711
00:29:12.840 --> 00:29:15.320
Radio and on both iHeartradio and

712
00:29:15.320 --> 00:29:18.200
TuneIn radio. And you can help to support our

713
00:29:18.200 --> 00:29:20.960
show by visiting the Space Store for a range

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of promotional merchandising goodies, or by

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716
00:29:26.120 --> 00:29:28.120
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717
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718
00:29:30.190 --> 00:29:32.550
bonus audio content which doesn't go to air,

719
00:29:32.630 --> 00:29:35.030
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720
00:29:35.030 --> 00:29:37.190
other rewards. Just go to

721
00:29:37.190 --> 00:29:39.630
spacetimewithstuartgarry.com for full

722
00:29:39.630 --> 00:29:42.630
details. You've been listening to Space Time

723
00:29:42.630 --> 00:29:45.030
with Stuart Gary. This has been another

724
00:29:45.189 --> 00:29:48.070
quality podcast production from bytes.com.