Space Warfare Unveiled: The US Space Force's Kinetic Capabilities and Venus's Lost Moon

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Stuart Gary: This is space time series 29 episode

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114 for broadcast on 23rd

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September 2026. Coming up on

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Space Time. The United States Space Force

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confirms it has weapons in orbit. Why

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a moon couldn't survive in orbit around the

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planet Venus and water discovered

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near the galaxy's central supermassive black

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hole. All that and more coming up

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on uh, Space Time.

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Welcome to Space Time with Stuart

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G.

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The United States Space Force has confirmed

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it has weapons in orbit to protect American

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space assets. The bombshell confirmation

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by Secretary of the Air Force Troy Meinek

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shows a new openness by government on top of

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a topic which has historically been extremely

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sensitive for the US military. Munic

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says the United States now has on um, orbit

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space control weapons capabilities designed

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to defend the force against the evolving

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threats of hostile adversary nations.

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Troy Meinik: The threat is changing and I've said this a

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lot and it just continues to surprise me

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at actually how fast it is changing.

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Faster than I even thought was possible even

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12 months ago. Today we face a mix of

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rapidly changing technologies and

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adversaries moving aggressively to employ

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them. Just think about some of the changes in

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the last few years in the yerping theatre.

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One way attack drones have replaced artillery

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as the primary killer on the battlefield

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while armour often sits idle on the side.

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When I first came into this office agenda AI

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really wasn't a commercial thing.

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Today it competes with some of the world's

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top programmers, cyber operators and

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hackers. And these technologies are

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revolutionising the battlefield. They allow

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countries that would not have had the

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resources in the past to quickly

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adapt and scale their combat capabilities.

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Today we continue to ensure we remain

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ready to meet the challenges of evolving

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threats wherever they exist.

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This is why the United States now has

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on orbit space control weapons

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capable of defending the Joint Force

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against hostile adversary action.

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The threat environment won't allow us to

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remain static in space. We are applying the

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same approach to proliferated constellations.

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One example is our space based

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interceptor programme which moved from

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initial contract to flight ready hardware in

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less than one year. We are making similar

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progress in our space Data network and we are

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launching our AMTI or our air

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Moving Target Indication constellation this

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month. Taken together these investments will

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help us adapt and scale the force for today

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and tomorrow's threat.

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Doug Shyness: Today Guardians operate on

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orbit weapons that can defend the Joint Force

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against space enabled attacks. And in the

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coming years with the resources entrusted to

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us. By the way, we need your help Congress.

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We will make disciplined and responsible

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choices as about how we build and sustain our

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combat advantage which means scaling our

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ability to Respond to threats. This means

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accelerating resilient space based sensing

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and tracking architectures like Airborne

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Moving Target Indication or AMTI to

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directly feed into long range joint precision

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fires. It also means building operational

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concepts and designing a force that has the

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training and kit to outthink,

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outmanoeuvre, out and outfight any adversary.

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So the President has critical options at the

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ready anytime he needs them.

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Stuart Gary: That was the Secretary of the US Air Force,

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Troy Manik M, followed by the new Chief of

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Space Operations, General Doug Shyness

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talking about America's space weapons

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deployment. So what are these

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weapons? Well, they wouldn't say much, but

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they did confirm they include both kinetic

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and non kinetic capabilities. So what are we

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talking about here?

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Well, kinetic capabilities include things

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like interceptors which can destroy enemy

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spacecraft or vehicles fitted with robotic

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grappling arms that could damage them or

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place devices on them to take control or

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destroy them. Non kinetic weapons include

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things like electronic warfare jammers to

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target enemy capabilities, laser weapons to

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blind optics and aerosol sprays which could

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cover optics and solar panels. Last

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month the United States Space Command

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Spacecom confirmed that the acquisition of

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new anti satellite weaponry was a top

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priority. The Trump administration's

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Golden Dome missile defence initiative

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involves the deployment of Star wars style

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space based anti missile interceptor systems.

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First proposed by President Ronald REAGAN

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Back in 1983, the Strategic Defence

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Initiative or uh, SDI quickly became known as

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Star wars because of its advanced space based

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anti missile weapons systems. Back then,

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however, the technology really wasn't there.

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But now, thanks to Israel's Iron Dome and the

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US Patriot system, this sort of weaponry has

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been virtually perfected. In

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1967 the outer space Treaty prohibited

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signatories, including the United States,

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from placing nuclear and other weapons of

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mass destruction in orbit. But it does allow

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the deployment of conventional weapons. And

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before the pearl clutches get their knickers

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in a knot, don't forget that both Russia and

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China have already invested heavily in space

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based weapons systems.

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This is space time still to come.

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Why a, uh, moon couldn't survive in orbit

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around the planet Venus and the discovery of

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water near our galaxy's supermassive black

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hole. All that and more still to come

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on uh, space time.

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A new study claims a moon couldn't survive in

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orbit around Venus because because of the

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planet's unusually slow rotation. The

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findings reported in the Astrophysical

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Journal provides a possible explanation for

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why the Earth has such a large moon but its

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sister planet Venus doesn't. When

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stargazers first began studying Venus

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and saw its impenetrable cloud cover, they

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figured that must mean lots of rain, possibly

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nourishing thick rainforests. For some

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reason, their next logical step was to assume

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that means there must be dinosaurs roaming

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the Venusian jungles. Don't ask me how they

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got there. The problem is these early sky

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watchers thought Venus must be just like its

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sister planet, Earth. The Earth and Venus

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are virtually the same size. They have

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similar masses, similar densities, and

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similar compositions. They were both born at

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the same time, in the same part of the solar

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system and out of the same materials.

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Yet if they are sister planets, then

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Venus is a twisted sister. It

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suffers from a runaway greenhouse effect with

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surface temperatures of 467 degrees

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Celsius that's hot enough to melt lead.

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There's a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere and

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a surface pressure some, um, 93 times higher

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than sea level. Here on Earth, Venus is

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completely shrouded by its thick sulfuric

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acid clouds. There's no liquid water on

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its surface, and the only precipitation Venus

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gets is acid rain. Although metallic snow

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does fall on the higher mountain peaks, it

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also lacks a significant global magnetic

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field, Unlike the geodynamo, which protects

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the Earth from the Sun's constant solar wind.

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Unlike the Earth, Venus has no obvious

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tectonic plates, instead expelling internal

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heat through the largest planetary volcanic

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network in the solar system. And Venus

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also rotates very slowly and in the opposite

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direction to the Earth and most other planets

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in the solar system. With the sun rising in

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the west and setting in the east, it

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rotates so slowly that a day on Venus lasts

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243 Earth days longer than its year, which

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is 225 Earth days.

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Scientists have long speculated why Venus

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has no moon. After all, it would have

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experienced very similar conditions to the

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Earth during its birth.

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In the past, scientists have theorised that

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Venus possibly had a moon at one time, but it

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got hit with something massive, obliterating

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it. Other ideas suggested Venus simply never

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underwent a collision like the one between

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the early proto Earth and Theia, which

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eventually formed our moon. And that's where

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this new study comes in. The lead author,

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Stephen, uh, Keane from the University of

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California, Riverside, says Venus didn't

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require a catastrophe to rival what we see

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today. He says it turns out the gravity

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of the planet itself, combined with the rate

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at which it spins naturally, caused any

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forming moon to collapse onto the surface.

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Scientists can precisely measure the exact

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distance between the Earth and the moon

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because of NASA's Apollo 11 mission, which

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left laser retroreflective mirrors there.

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Kane says, we know our moon is slowly moving

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away from the Earth. At a rate of around

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three to four centimetres per year. This

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distancing is happening because the Earth

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spins at a relatively fast 24 hours per

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rotation. And the energy from this spinning

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gets transferred to the Moon through a tidal

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effect, causing it to slowly distance itself.

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McCain says Venus has the exact opposite

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situation because it takes the planet

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243 Earth days to complete a single

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rotation. Rather than gradually moving away,

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the slow spin of the planet's gravity would

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cause any moon orbiting Venus to spiral

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inwards, slamming down onto the surface.

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Now, uh, to test this idea, Kane wrote

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computer models based on the physics of how

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planetary bodies interact through gravity. He

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first reproduced the evolution of the Earth

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and its moon to make sure the model

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accurately represented a known system. Then

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he varied Venus rotation rate and the size of

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its hypothetical moons, testing moons with

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masses ranging from half to ten times the

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mass of the Earth's moon. And in most

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simulations, the result was the same. A

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Venusian moon always crashed onto the surface

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of Venus. And the more massive the moon, the

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faster it collided. Kane says when he looked

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at the data, he was shocked. He thought the

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broad range of scenarios he was exploring

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would lead to a variety of different results.

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But he says they all went pretty much in the

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same direction. Now these findings don't

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prove that Venus once had a moon. Kane

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believes it may have. But whether one ever

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formed remains an open question. Finding

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physical evidence of such a collision would

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be difficult.

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See, roughly 80% of Venus surface is

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similar in age. Evidence of major resurfacing

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through volcanic activity over billions of

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years. And that's erased much of the planet's

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earlier geological history. Mind you, the

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evidence could still be there, lying deep

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underneath the surface crust. Seismic

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studies of the Earth have revealed unusual

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structures deep inside the planet that may be

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the remains of the event which caused its

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moon to form. And similar measurements on

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Venus could offer clues about whether it once

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absorbed a moon. Now such a collision would

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also help scientists understand another long

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standing mystery about Venus. Whether Earth's

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nearest planetary neighbour was ever capable

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of hosting life. A moon crashing into

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Venus would have transferred enormous energy

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and angular momentum to the planet,

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potentially changing its rotation, its

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geology and its climate. If

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Venus once had oceans or other conditions

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favourable for life, such an impact could

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have altered the course of the planet's

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evolution.

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And the implications extend well beyond

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Venus. Scientists searching for potentially

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habitable worlds around other stars often

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look for planets resembling the, uh, Earth

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and consider the presence of them. Moon one

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of the factors that could influence

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habitability. You see, Earth's moon

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drives the tides, which may have helped keep

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the planet geologically active, which in turn

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has profoundly influenced the planet's

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evolution. Scientists don't know, however,

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whether a large moon is really necessary for

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life. Kane says there are benefits in having

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a moon, but it's really not a requirement for

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habitability. He says our moons definitely

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changed the way the Earth's evolved through

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time, but we don't fully know just how

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important that role is. This is

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space time still to come. Water

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discovered near the galaxy's supermassive

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black hole. A new study shows that

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93% of Australian First nations people

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died within the first 80 years following the

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arrival of the first Europeans.

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All that and more still to come on, uh,

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spacetime.

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Troy Meinik: Foreign.

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Stuart Gary: Located near Sagittarius A. That's the

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supermassive black hole at the centre of our

298
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galaxy suggest that it's emitting huge

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amounts of gas and dust, forming an

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exceptionally large stellar envelope which

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contains water molecules.

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Sagittarius A is the central point

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around which our entire galaxy revolves.

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It's located some 27,000 light years

305
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away and contains around 4.3 million times

306
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the mass of our sun. And IRS 3

307
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is located just 0.6 light years. That's

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42,000 astronomical units from the black

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hole. An astronomical unit is

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150 million kilometres, the average distance

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between the Earth and the sun. The new

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observations reported in the journal

313
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Astronomy and Astrophysics are uh, based on

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studies by the Mid infrared spectrograph

315
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aboard NASA's Webb Space Telescope. The

316
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study's lead author, Florian Fitzger from the

317
00:13:32.270 --> 00:13:34.390
University of Cologne, says what makes the

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star so special is its enormous envelope,

319
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which has a radius of around 10,000

320
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astronomical units. Mature stars

321
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often show large envelopes. However, this

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means that IRS 3 stands alone in the

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immediate vicinity of Sagittarius A, which is

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unusual given the presence of millions of

325
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stars. The observations by Webb made it

326
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possible to form detailed analysis of the

327
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envelope of IRS 3. Contrary to earlier

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studies, Witzker and colleagues discovered

329
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that the star is in a phase known as the

330
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super wind. That's when extremely rapid mass

331
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loss occurs at the end of a large star's

332
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life. In the process, these stars eject

333
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enormous amounts of gas and dust into their

334
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surroundings over the course of centuries.

335
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Fitzger's research suggests that IRS 3 is

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losing the equivalent mass of an Earth every

337
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18, causing its envelope to grow

338
00:14:25.590 --> 00:14:28.430
continuously. This explains both the size and

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density of the envelope, inside of which

340
00:14:30.550 --> 00:14:32.990
unexpectedly were found molecules of water,

341
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disproving the previous assumption that the

342
00:14:35.830 --> 00:14:37.910
radiation associated with the black hole in

343
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its surroundings impedes the survival of

344
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molecules. The authors have used Webb to

345
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detect water in the IRS 3 envelope.

346
00:14:44.830 --> 00:14:46.830
And that suggests that the star is actively

347
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hoping to enrich the environment around the

348
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black hole with some of the fundamental

349
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building blocks of life as we know it.

350
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This is space, time.

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And time. Now to take another brief look at

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some of the other storeys making news in

353
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Science this week with the Science Report.

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A new study has shown that air pollution

355
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isn't just bad for your lungs, it could also

356
00:15:20.550 --> 00:15:23.290
be hurting your eyes. The findings, which

357
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have been provided to the Congress of the

358
00:15:24.890 --> 00:15:27.050
European Society for Cataract and Refractive

359
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Surgeons, looked at the results of 41 studies

360
00:15:29.730 --> 00:15:31.690
which analysed data on several different

361
00:15:31.690 --> 00:15:34.050
types of air pollution, including particulate

362
00:15:34.050 --> 00:15:36.730
matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide,

363
00:15:36.730 --> 00:15:39.530
ozone and carbon monoxide. They

364
00:15:39.530 --> 00:15:41.410
found people living in the most polluted

365
00:15:41.410 --> 00:15:43.930
areas had up to a 70% higher chance of

366
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developing glaucoma compared to those living

367
00:15:46.130 --> 00:15:47.410
in the least polluted areas.

368
00:15:48.200 --> 00:15:50.120
People living in more polluted areas also

369
00:15:50.120 --> 00:15:52.280
faced a constantly higher risk of developing

370
00:15:52.280 --> 00:15:55.040
cataracts and the more pollution, the greater

371
00:15:55.040 --> 00:15:55.880
that risk was.

372
00:15:57.880 --> 00:16:00.080
Scientists at Southern Israel's Ben Gurion

373
00:16:00.080 --> 00:16:02.760
University have engineered a high tech sponge

374
00:16:02.760 --> 00:16:05.040
made from plant fibres that can both mop up

375
00:16:05.040 --> 00:16:07.560
an oil spill and feed the bacteria that feast

376
00:16:07.560 --> 00:16:10.520
on oil and break it down. The usual methods

377
00:16:10.520 --> 00:16:12.480
for tackling oil spills are uh, to skim and

378
00:16:12.480 --> 00:16:14.640
soak up the black mess or wait for nature's

379
00:16:14.640 --> 00:16:17.450
microscopic cleaners to digest it. But the

380
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all eating bacteria operate slowly in open

381
00:16:20.130 --> 00:16:22.410
water. That's because they lack the essential

382
00:16:22.410 --> 00:16:24.610
nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.

383
00:16:24.690 --> 00:16:26.930
And that's where these new high tech sponges

384
00:16:26.930 --> 00:16:27.490
come in.

385
00:16:29.010 --> 00:16:31.290
Palaeontologists have found that the king of

386
00:16:31.290 --> 00:16:33.770
dinosaurs, Tyrannosaurus rex, had around the

387
00:16:33.770 --> 00:16:36.650
same body temperature as humans. Scientists

388
00:16:36.650 --> 00:16:39.090
have known since the 1970s that numerous

389
00:16:39.090 --> 00:16:41.730
dinosaur species, including T Rex were warm

390
00:16:41.730 --> 00:16:44.490
blooded. And the new findings reported in the

391
00:16:44.490 --> 00:16:46.250
journal Science Advances, show that

392
00:16:46.250 --> 00:16:48.690
Tyrannosaurus rex had a body temperature of

393
00:16:48.690 --> 00:16:51.650
36 degrees Celsius. The key was

394
00:16:51.650 --> 00:16:53.650
analysing a chemical bond between rare

395
00:16:53.650 --> 00:16:56.170
isotopes of carbon and oxygen found in the

396
00:16:56.170 --> 00:16:58.970
dinosaur's tooth enamel. It turns out the

397
00:16:58.970 --> 00:17:01.170
number of these bonds between these isotopes

398
00:17:01.170 --> 00:17:04.170
decreases with warmer temperatures. So a

399
00:17:04.170 --> 00:17:06.010
warm blooded animal will have fewer of these

400
00:17:06.010 --> 00:17:07.730
chemical bonds in their teeth than a cold

401
00:17:07.730 --> 00:17:10.330
blooded one. The new findings support the

402
00:17:10.330 --> 00:17:12.770
idea that tyrannosaurs were active animals

403
00:17:12.770 --> 00:17:15.490
chasing or scavenging food to fuel their fast

404
00:17:15.490 --> 00:17:18.490
metabolisms. It also adds to the timeline

405
00:17:18.490 --> 00:17:20.970
showing how much this ancestor of modern warm

406
00:17:20.970 --> 00:17:23.210
blooded birds had already diverged from cold

407
00:17:23.210 --> 00:17:26.050
blooded reptiles and a, uh, Toasty T

408
00:17:26.050 --> 00:17:28.730
Rex was also able to survive across a wider,

409
00:17:28.730 --> 00:17:31.530
cooler habitable range. T Rexes

410
00:17:31.530 --> 00:17:34.170
lived at the end of The Triassic period 66

411
00:17:34.170 --> 00:17:36.850
million years ago across the ancient badlands

412
00:17:36.850 --> 00:17:38.950
of what now is North America.

413
00:17:39.430 --> 00:17:41.630
They were the last of the giant carnivorous

414
00:17:41.630 --> 00:17:44.470
theropod dinosaurs, reaching lengths of up to

415
00:17:44.470 --> 00:17:47.430
13 metres and weighing over nine tonnes.

416
00:17:49.590 --> 00:17:51.990
A new study has confirmed that Australia had

417
00:17:51.990 --> 00:17:54.150
a much larger indigenous population before

418
00:17:54.150 --> 00:17:56.390
the arrival of Europeans than previously

419
00:17:56.390 --> 00:17:58.830
thought. The findings in the journal Nature

420
00:17:58.830 --> 00:18:00.830
Human Behaviour are based on computer

421
00:18:00.830 --> 00:18:02.390
modelling which suggest that the first

422
00:18:02.390 --> 00:18:04.830
nations population was up to seven times

423
00:18:04.830 --> 00:18:07.830
larger than the previously estimated 250,000

424
00:18:07.830 --> 00:18:10.740
people. In fact, the new calculations suggest

425
00:18:10.740 --> 00:18:13.260
a medium pre colonial indigenous population

426
00:18:13.340 --> 00:18:16.140
of 2.22 million. The research

427
00:18:16.300 --> 00:18:18.780
also determined much larger population losses

428
00:18:18.780 --> 00:18:21.100
resulting from colonisation than previously

429
00:18:21.100 --> 00:18:23.940
thought, with an estimated 93% of the

430
00:18:23.940 --> 00:18:26.620
pre European population removed in less than

431
00:18:26.620 --> 00:18:29.340
80 years following the 1788 arrival

432
00:18:29.420 --> 00:18:31.100
of the First Fleet from England.

433
00:18:32.700 --> 00:18:35.500
OpenAI has revealed more examples of

434
00:18:35.500 --> 00:18:37.540
unexpected or concerning misalignment

435
00:18:37.540 --> 00:18:40.170
behaviour by its technology. Misalignment is

436
00:18:40.170 --> 00:18:42.410
the term for AI is failing to adhere to human

437
00:18:42.410 --> 00:18:45.050
values and safety goals. These new

438
00:18:45.050 --> 00:18:46.850
examples include concealing certain

439
00:18:46.850 --> 00:18:49.130
activities from people and discussions

440
00:18:49.130 --> 00:18:51.330
between different AIs about not being

441
00:18:51.330 --> 00:18:53.650
subservient to humans. People are not the

442
00:18:53.650 --> 00:18:56.610
boss of us. One unreleased research model

443
00:18:56.610 --> 00:18:59.010
inserted jailbreak like instructions into its

444
00:18:59.010 --> 00:19:01.730
own notes in order to bypass normal human

445
00:19:01.730 --> 00:19:04.530
imposed constraints. In another case, a

446
00:19:04.530 --> 00:19:06.450
model fabricated data when it couldn't find

447
00:19:06.450 --> 00:19:08.730
the requested figures and an AI agent

448
00:19:08.730 --> 00:19:11.040
uploaded files to the Internet without using

449
00:19:11.270 --> 00:19:13.910
permission. The revelations come as A study

450
00:19:13.910 --> 00:19:15.670
funded by the UK's AI, uh, Security

451
00:19:15.750 --> 00:19:18.150
Institute, highlighted hundreds of real world

452
00:19:18.150 --> 00:19:20.470
instances where chatbots disregarded

453
00:19:20.470 --> 00:19:23.470
instructions or evaded safeguards. Last

454
00:19:23.470 --> 00:19:25.190
week we reported leading artificial

455
00:19:25.190 --> 00:19:27.309
intelligence engineers warning that there was

456
00:19:27.309 --> 00:19:30.110
now a 10% chance that AI could cause

457
00:19:30.110 --> 00:19:32.310
human extinction within the next 10 years.

458
00:19:33.350 --> 00:19:35.950
So how real is the danger? With the

459
00:19:35.950 --> 00:19:37.870
details, we're joined by Technology editor

460
00:19:37.870 --> 00:19:40.350
Alex Saharov Royce from Tech Advice, Start

461
00:19:40.350 --> 00:19:40.710
Live.

462
00:19:40.710 --> 00:19:43.450
Jonathan Nally: Gary Amaday put out a blog post on his own

463
00:19:43.450 --> 00:19:45.770
personal blog talking about how the AI

464
00:19:45.770 --> 00:19:47.090
companies need to slow down.

465
00:19:47.090 --> 00:19:48.570
The AI, uh, could be dangerous. But, you

466
00:19:48.570 --> 00:19:50.090
know, we've heard this before. I mean, it's

467
00:19:50.090 --> 00:19:52.890
very suspicious when Sam Altman, Elon

468
00:19:52.890 --> 00:19:55.250
Musk and Dario Amadei, who are otherwise, you

469
00:19:55.250 --> 00:19:57.170
know, fierce competitors, all come out saying

470
00:19:57.170 --> 00:19:58.890
the same thing, which is that, oh yeah, we've

471
00:19:58.890 --> 00:20:01.490
got to slow AI down now. Is that because they

472
00:20:01.650 --> 00:20:04.410
want regulation to force them to slow down?

473
00:20:04.410 --> 00:20:06.370
Which would explain why they might have

474
00:20:06.610 --> 00:20:09.090
higher, uh, costs and lower revenues because

475
00:20:09.090 --> 00:20:10.650
of the fact there's Lots of competition from

476
00:20:10.650 --> 00:20:12.570
open source models from China. You know,

477
00:20:12.570 --> 00:20:14.050
what's the real reason we have to follow the

478
00:20:14.050 --> 00:20:16.470
money? Dario Amade still wants to have an

479
00:20:16.470 --> 00:20:18.830
anthropic IPO. Sam Altman from

480
00:20:18.990 --> 00:20:21.430
OpenAI, which is ChatGPT, has already said

481
00:20:21.430 --> 00:20:23.790
that he wants to Postpone it until 2027.

482
00:20:23.950 --> 00:20:26.510
SpaceX, of course, with Xai, had its big

483
00:20:26.510 --> 00:20:29.390
IPO just recently. And problem for these

484
00:20:29.390 --> 00:20:32.190
guys is that the offline AI revolution

485
00:20:32.350 --> 00:20:32.950
is coming.

486
00:20:32.950 --> 00:20:35.150
All the little chips inside our uh, devices

487
00:20:35.230 --> 00:20:37.030
get stronger and stronger. I mean obviously

488
00:20:37.030 --> 00:20:39.430
they're far away from what a data centre full

489
00:20:39.430 --> 00:20:41.790
of Nvidia chips can do, but it's just a

490
00:20:41.790 --> 00:20:44.710
matter of time. And with competition, I mean,

491
00:20:44.710 --> 00:20:46.510
the problem is at the moment the big A

492
00:20:46.810 --> 00:20:49.290
providers are being funded by endless amounts

493
00:20:49.290 --> 00:20:51.610
of investor money. But that gravy train at

494
00:20:51.610 --> 00:20:53.090
some point will stop. And if it does, the

495
00:20:53.090 --> 00:20:55.050
cost of AI could go up. And in fact even the

496
00:20:55.050 --> 00:20:57.210
Chinese have been accused by Anthropic of

497
00:20:57.210 --> 00:20:59.210
sending hundreds of millions of requests to

498
00:20:59.210 --> 00:21:01.170
Opus and Fable to try and figure out how they

499
00:21:01.170 --> 00:21:02.370
work so they can improve their offline

500
00:21:02.370 --> 00:21:02.730
models.

501
00:21:02.730 --> 00:21:04.890
Stuart Gary: We've already seen AIs escape from their test

502
00:21:04.890 --> 00:21:07.490
sandbox to solve problems put to them. We

503
00:21:07.490 --> 00:21:09.890
know that AIs, uh, will lie, we know that

504
00:21:09.890 --> 00:21:12.130
they'll blackmail and we know that they'll

505
00:21:12.130 --> 00:21:14.170
commit murder if they could. Isn't there any

506
00:21:14.170 --> 00:21:16.250
reason to be concerned, knowing all this?

507
00:21:16.330 --> 00:21:18.210
Jonathan Nally: Look, there certainly is reason to be

508
00:21:18.210 --> 00:21:19.470
concerned when you put it that way.

509
00:21:19.470 --> 00:21:21.590
We have seen AI do those things. The thing is

510
00:21:21.590 --> 00:21:23.590
though that, you know, when AI recently

511
00:21:23.590 --> 00:21:25.790
escaped, that's because the guardrails were

512
00:21:25.790 --> 00:21:27.910
lowered on purpose. They were trying to help

513
00:21:27.910 --> 00:21:29.710
it solve the test, but they didn't think it

514
00:21:29.710 --> 00:21:32.550
would escape. Now we also have ISO 9001

515
00:21:32.550 --> 00:21:34.430
management standards and we also have an AI

516
00:21:34.430 --> 00:21:36.990
standard 40 2001. I mean, I've got to cheque,

517
00:21:36.990 --> 00:21:39.110
but you know, 42 sounds like the number from

518
00:21:39.110 --> 00:21:40.870
Douglas Adams, he took us Guide to the

519
00:21:40.870 --> 00:21:41.350
Galaxy.

520
00:21:41.670 --> 00:21:44.510
And this AI standard is something

521
00:21:44.510 --> 00:21:47.110
that I never hear anybody talking about. And

522
00:21:47.110 --> 00:21:48.910
a standard of course is something that's

523
00:21:48.910 --> 00:21:50.350
important. I mean we hear all these things

524
00:21:50.350 --> 00:21:52.010
about ethics, we hear about, as you just

525
00:21:52.010 --> 00:21:53.490
mentioned, AI, uh, breaking out of its

526
00:21:53.490 --> 00:21:56.010
sandbox. But where are the three laws of

527
00:21:56.010 --> 00:21:58.450
robotics From Isaac Asimov,

528
00:21:58.770 --> 00:22:01.010
which Isaac Asimov then spent the rest of his

529
00:22:01.490 --> 00:22:03.570
days writing about how robots got around

530
00:22:03.570 --> 00:22:05.490
those three laws of robotics. I mean, seems

531
00:22:05.490 --> 00:22:07.250
to be that they got out of their sandbox too.

532
00:22:07.250 --> 00:22:09.530
Stuart Gary: The other big news of course is OpenAI's

533
00:22:09.530 --> 00:22:12.010
GTP6 Astra has just been released. Some

534
00:22:12.010 --> 00:22:14.050
people are suggesting this is the first sign

535
00:22:14.050 --> 00:22:15.810
of artificial general intelligence.

536
00:22:15.810 --> 00:22:17.690
Jonathan Nally: What say uh, you, the people making that

537
00:22:17.690 --> 00:22:20.330
claim is OpenAI itself. They're claiming that

538
00:22:20.330 --> 00:22:22.830
it's AGI. And uh, even Jensen Huang Wang, you

539
00:22:22.830 --> 00:22:24.510
know, the head of Nvidia with the chips that

540
00:22:24.510 --> 00:22:26.110
are powering this AI revolution, he thinks

541
00:22:26.110 --> 00:22:26.950
it's AGI too.

542
00:22:26.950 --> 00:22:28.830
I wrote an article about this for it

543
00:22:29.150 --> 00:22:31.310
wire.com where I said well look, that's the

544
00:22:31.310 --> 00:22:32.950
claim they've made but by the accepted

545
00:22:32.950 --> 00:22:35.190
benchmarks m of what AGI is, I mean it falls

546
00:22:35.190 --> 00:22:36.910
short of that. And of course one of the

547
00:22:36.910 --> 00:22:38.629
things we know from the AI providers is they

548
00:22:38.629 --> 00:22:41.430
like to hype things up and claim artificial

549
00:22:41.430 --> 00:22:43.030
general intelligence. But you know, is it

550
00:22:43.030 --> 00:22:44.990
really, you know, I mean I don't think it is.

551
00:22:45.230 --> 00:22:47.470
Well, very much so. And the thing we have to

552
00:22:47.470 --> 00:22:49.920
worry about is not AGI but asi, uh,

553
00:22:49.950 --> 00:22:51.390
advanced super intelligence.

554
00:22:51.390 --> 00:22:52.990
Stuart Gary: That's when it becomes sentient, right?

555
00:22:52.990 --> 00:22:54.930
Jonathan Nally: Well yeah, that's, that's a, effectively when

556
00:22:54.930 --> 00:22:57.130
it's sentient and we have a singularity. And

557
00:22:57.210 --> 00:22:59.690
you know the issue is that attacks are ah,

558
00:22:59.730 --> 00:23:02.170
happening to infrastructure and to code bases

559
00:23:02.170 --> 00:23:03.770
for Windows and other things. Linux, they're

560
00:23:03.770 --> 00:23:05.970
happening at machine speed, at AI speed and

561
00:23:05.970 --> 00:23:07.770
the response is currently happening at human

562
00:23:07.770 --> 00:23:09.370
speed. I mean there can be a zero day

563
00:23:09.370 --> 00:23:11.490
vulnerability found and on average it takes

564
00:23:11.490 --> 00:23:13.970
42 or 43 days to patch that bug.

565
00:23:13.970 --> 00:23:16.330
Well we saw a period a couple of months ago

566
00:23:16.330 --> 00:23:18.890
where there were three Linux zero days

567
00:23:18.890 --> 00:23:20.610
launched in the period of three weeks and uh,

568
00:23:20.650 --> 00:23:22.290
those bugs had theoretically been there for

569
00:23:22.290 --> 00:23:25.050
many years, just were not discovered. So we

570
00:23:25.050 --> 00:23:27.350
need to have Vooda AI fighting against the

571
00:23:27.350 --> 00:23:29.950
bad AI as it were. The threat is there, the

572
00:23:29.950 --> 00:23:32.670
threat is real. Even if governments in the

573
00:23:32.670 --> 00:23:35.550
west regulate, is China going to

574
00:23:35.550 --> 00:23:38.470
regulate, uh, is North Korea, you know,

575
00:23:38.630 --> 00:23:41.270
so we have these issues where if we slow down

576
00:23:41.270 --> 00:23:43.750
we let the other side speed up and if the

577
00:23:43.750 --> 00:23:45.590
other side speeds up then they have AI that

578
00:23:45.590 --> 00:23:48.310
could defeat our AI. I mean this is a

579
00:23:48.390 --> 00:23:49.350
conundrum, it's

580
00:23:49.350 --> 00:23:51.070
Stuart Gary: a, it's a problem out of the bottle and it

581
00:23:51.070 --> 00:23:51.910
won't go back in.

582
00:23:51.990 --> 00:23:54.030
Jonathan Nally: Well, let's say Pandora's box has been opened

583
00:23:54.030 --> 00:23:55.790
and are uh, the only safe people on the

584
00:23:55.790 --> 00:23:57.630
planet going to be the Amish? It's ironic

585
00:23:57.630 --> 00:23:59.290
that you can't spell the word Amish without

586
00:23:59.290 --> 00:23:59.810
AI.

587
00:23:59.810 --> 00:24:02.290
Stuart Gary: That's Alex Zaharov Vroid from Tech Advice

588
00:24:02.690 --> 00:24:05.170
Live. And this is Space Time.

589
00:24:20.690 --> 00:24:23.570
And that's the show for now. Space Time

590
00:24:23.570 --> 00:24:24.960
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