Hubble Placed in Emergency Safe Mode | S26E149

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This is Spacetime Series twenty six,
episode one hundred and forty nine, for

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broadcast on the thirteenth of December twenty
twenty three. Coming up on space Time,

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the Hubble Space Telescope placed into emergency
safe mode, the new Joant European

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and Japanese EarthCare mission slated for launch
in May, and the joint Orchest military

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alliance to build a deep space radar
station in Western Australia. All that and

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more coming up on space Time.
Welcome to space Time with Stuart Gary.

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NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has been placed
in emergency safe mode following an issue with

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one of its gyroscopes. As you, managers say, the orbiting observatory is

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in good health and its instruments are
all stable. The telescope automatically entered safe

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mode when one of its three operating
gyroscopes suddenly gave faulty readings. The gyros

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are used to measure the telescope's turn
rates and a part of the system that

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determines which direction the telescopes pointing in. While in safe mode, science operations

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are suspended and the telescope weights for
new instructions from the ground. Hubble first

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went into safe mode on November nineteenth. Although the operations team success to recover

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the spacecraft to resume observations the following
day, the unstable gyroscope caused the observatory

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to again suspend operations on November the
twenty first. Then, following another successful

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recovery, Hubble again entered safe mode
on November the twenty third. It's been

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there ever since. Scientists are now
running a series of tests to try and

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characterize what the issue is and work
out if there's a solution. If necessary,

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the spacecraft can be reconfigured to operate
with only one gyro. The spacecraft

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had six new gyros installed during its
fifth and final Space Shuttle servicing mission in

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two thousand and nine. Now,
so far, three of those six gyros

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have remained operational, including the one
that's currently experiencing fluctuations. Usually, Hubble

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uses three gyros to maximize efficiency,
that could continue to make scientific observations even

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if any one gyro remained working.
There been a number of proposals suggested for

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another servicing mission to the orbiting outpost, and this latest issue adds some urgency

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to that idea. In fact,
back in September last year, NASA and

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SpaceX decided to examine a plan to
send a crew Dragon spacecraft to reboost and

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possibly service Hubble in order to extend
its life. The baseline concept involved a

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crew Dragon spacecraft docking with Hubble,
possibly using a capture mechanism installed during the

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last Shuttle servicing mission in two thousand
and nine, and then raising its orbit.

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Hubble's orbits gradually decay due to atmospheric
drag, and it's now flying at

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around five hundred and thirty five kilometers
above the Earth. Continued orbital decay creates

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a fifty percent probability that Hubble will
re enter Earth atmosphere in twenty thirty seven,

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bringing a fiery end to the mission. The SpaceX Dragon servicing mission would

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raise Hubble's orbit back up to around
six hundred kilometers that's where it was first

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deployed by the Space Shuttle Discovery over
three decades ago. That would add an

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additional fifteen to twenty years to its
lifespan. This time last year, NASA

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issued a request for information from commercial
space operators of various concepts for commercial missions

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to reboost Hubble. The agency received
eight responses, including one from satellite servicing

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company astro scale in partnership with space
transport company Momentus. Their plan would use

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astroscales currently under development dock to attached
to the Hubble and their Momentus's orbital transfer

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vehicle. A sort of space tug
would attach onto the dock and lift the

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telescope into a higher orbit. But
while that's quite feasible and similar operations have

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already been carried out with privately run
satellites, replacing Hubble's gyroscopes would require a

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very different sort of mission this space
time still to come. A look at

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the new joint European Japanese EarthCare Mission
and the August Defence Alliance to build a

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new network of deep space radar stations, including one base in Western Australia.

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All that and more still to come
on space time. The Joint European Japanese

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Earthcloud Aerosol Radiation Explorer Mission, or
EarthCare, has now been slated for launch

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in May next year on a mission
to advanced sciences understanding of the interaction between

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clouds, aerosols and radiation in its
atmosphere. The two three hundred and fifty

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kilogram spacecraft is being jointly developed by
Jacks of the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agent and

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the European Space Agency ISA. It'll
be launched into space aboard a SpaceX Falcon

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nine rocket of Space Complex forty at
the Cape Kennadal Space Force Space in Florida.

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Clouds remain one of the biggest uncertainties
in how the atmosphere drives the climactic

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system. A better understanding of the
relationship between clouds, aerosols, and radiation

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is a high priority in both climate
research and weather prediction. For example,

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what happens to infrared radiation when emitted
from the Earth's surface and trapped in clouds,

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and what role do aerosols play in
reflecting solar radiation back into space?

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And then how do these processes affect
climate and weather. The Earth Care Mission

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will provide novel observations to answer some
of these questions using four state of the

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art scientific packages. There will be
an Atmospheric Lighter or light Detection and Ranging

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system designed to measure the vertical profile
of aerosols and clouds in Earth's atmosphere by

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emitting light pulses and then analyzing the
reflected to precisely provide the distribution and properties

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of aerosols and clouds, including their
altitude, their thickness, and detailed optical

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properties and aerosol types. This information
will be crucial for improving cloud models and

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understanding the role of aerosols and clouds
in Earth's energy balance. Then there is

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a cloud profiling radar. It will
allow scientists to observe the internal structure of

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clouds. Operating the millimeter wavelength range, the cloud profiling radar penetrates through clouds

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and light precipitation, providing detailed insights
into their vertical structure and velocity, particle

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sized distribution, and water content.
The radar is essential for studying cloud processes

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such as their formation and dissipation,
and it will contribute valuable data for improving

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weather climate models. Also, Aboard
is a multi spectral imager. It will

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provide a much wider field of view
to give context to profile measurements. It

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will be able to capture high resolution
images in modible spectral bands in both the

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visible and infrared part of the spectrum. This will allow scientists to differentiate between

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various types of clouds, aerosols,
and the Earth's surface. It will also

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provide a three dimensional cloud and aerosol
filled using the atmospheric glider, iron cloud

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profiling radar data, which is crucial
for understanding the radiative impact of clouds and

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aerosols on the Earth's climatic system.
And finally, there will be a broad

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band radiometer which will measure the radiator
fluxes at the top of Earth's atmosphere as

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the satellite travels along in its orbit. The radiometer views the atmosphere from three

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directions, allowing it to accurately quantify
the matter reflected solar radiation and the outgoing

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thermal radiation emitted by the planet.
This is known as Earth's energy balance,

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and comparing this to the radiation calculated
from the combined observations of the other instruments

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will help scientists improve their current understanding
of aerosol cloud radiation interaction. This report

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from Easter TV. Clouds remain one
of the biggest mysteries and how the atmosphere

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drives the climate system. A better
understanding of the relationship between clouds, aerosols,

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and radiation is a high priority in
both climate research and weather prediction.

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For example, what happens to the
trapped infrared radiation emitted from Earth's surface,

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what role the clouds and aerosols play
in reflecting solar radiation back to space.

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The Earth Cloud Aerosol and Radiation Explorer
satellite will answer these critical scientific questions.

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Let's take a closer look at the
instruments. The Multi Spectral Imagure instrument will

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provide an overview in multiple wavelengths to
set the scene. The Cloud profiling radar

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will detect vertical motion within clouds,
providing details on their internal dynamics. The

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atmospheric lidar will detect the top of
clouds and it will provide profiles of the

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atmosphere with information on aerosols. The
broadband radiometer will observe reflected sunlight and heat

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radiated from the Earth, measuring the
reflected solar and outgoing infrared radiation making coincident

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measurements. Earthcare's unique set of four
instruments will provide a comprehensive view of the

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interplay between clouds, aerosols and radiation. And in that report from Easter TV,

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we had from Earthcare's Mission and Optical
Payload Manager Costka Wallace, this is

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space time still to come. Yorkist
Defense Alliance to construct a new global deep

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space radar network, including one base
in Western Australia and later in the Science

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report, Global emissions from fossil fuels
are now expected to hit record highs this

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year, increasing by one point one
percent. All that and more still to

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come on space time. The Australian, British and United States Defense Coalition orcus

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OF in ounced plans to build three
new deep space radar installations in the United

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States, Britain and at Exmouth in
Western Australia. The trilateral initiative, known

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as the Deep Space Advanced Radar Capability
or DARK, will be specially designed to

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provide a new space domain awareness capability
tracking dangerous objects. The networking is stated

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to be operational by twenty twenty six
and will provide twenty four hour global and

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all weather coverage, which has been
difficult to obtain with existing technology. DARK

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promises several advantages over existing radar systems
tracking objects in geostationary Earth orbit. It

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boasts higher sensitivity, better accuracy,
increased capacity, and more agile tracking capabilities.

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The facility will be partly funded by
the United States Space Force and is

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currently being developed by Northrop Grumman.
The announcement was made jointly by the Australian

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Defence Minusta, the Richard Miles,
the UK Secretary of State for Defense Grant

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Chaps, and the United States Secretary
of Defense Lloyd Austin. The tripartite agreement

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is the latest step in strengthening the
alliance between Australia, the United Kingdom and

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the United States, which has already
seen agreements for camera to buy at least

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three Virginia class nuclear powered submarines from
the United States and for Australia and Britain

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to combine forces a new fleet of
American technology based nuclear submarines. This space

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time and time that would take another
brief look at some of the other stories

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making us in science this week.
With a science report, global emissions from

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fossil fuels are projected to hit a
record high this year, increasing by one

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point one percent. A report by
Earth System Science Data Is found that there

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is no sign of the rapid and
deep decreases in total emissions which needed to

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tackle climate change. While emissions are
declining in some countries, the report shows

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that these simply aren't enough to reverse
the overall growth in global fossil fuel emissions

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in countries such as China and India. A new study has found that biological

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women who drink energy drinks in the
lead up to becoming pregnant could be more

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likely to have high blood pressure during
their pregnancy. The findings were reported in

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the Journal of the American Medical Association
based on data from two different long term

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health studies. Birth studies included data
on energy drink intake, and the researchers

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compared this to a range of adverse
pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, gestational diabetes,

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preclampsia, gestational high blood pressure,
and pre term birth. The researchers

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said that of all the outcomes they
looked at, only high blood pressure was

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associated with energy drink concin UMP,
and the association was only found among participants

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from one of the studies used.
The authors say this means their finding should

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be interpreted with caution, especially because
energy drink consumption is relatively low among participants.

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However, more research should be done
are the potential risks of energy drinks.

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A report in the British Medical Journal
claims that young people who use social

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media on a daily basis are more
likely to engage in risky behaviors such as

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drug use, unprotected sex and fighting. The research is part of an international

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systematic review of meta analyzes into risky
behavior. The studies authors analyze the results

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of one hundred and twenty six previous
studies on teens and social media, finding

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that overall, frequent or daily social
media use was associated with higher odds of

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drinking alcohol, using drugs and tobacco, sexting, inconsistent condom use, and

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anti social behaviors such as bullying,
fighting, and aggression. The research is

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exposure to content showing similar risky behaviors
was most strongly associated with the behavior.

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They say that while most studies relied
on self reported data on social media use

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and risky behavior, which could have
influenced the results, their studies showed more

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research should be done into which aspects
of social media could cause the most harm.

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It's been a big week for AI, with Google launching its new AI

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model and AMD launching their new artificial
intelligence chips at its Advancing AI conference in

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San Jose, California. With details
from the conference, we're joined by technology

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editor Alex o'harov Royce from Tech Advice
Start Life. AMD have secured their place

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in history alongside Nvidia as a company
that can make the chips that power these

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generative AI systems, the ones that
are giving all the answers to chat,

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GBT from open AI, from hugging
trace from a range of different large language

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models. And AMD of course,
is AI is the most transformational technology in

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fifty years and the biggest driver,
of course has been generative AI. So

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they now have this AMD instinct MI
three hundred x chip. Now this chip

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is almost twice as powerful as the
one from Nvidia, the one that they're

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selling for between twenty five thousand and
forty thousand US dollars a pop. And

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you need several of these, you
know, some systems have hundreds of these

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so power the generative AI systems that
have taken over the world in the past

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year. They also have the new
eighty forty series of Windows chips. So

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this is the chip that runs Windows
Windows eleven and can run links on other

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programs. And they launched on earlier
this year called the seventy forty, and

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it had the first AI neural engine
inside of an X eighty six chip for

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PCs. And now they're launching the
second generation of this AI powered line,

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the eighty forty, with an even
more powerful AI chip. And they've done

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this, they're launching the second generation
AI chips for PCs before Intel has launched

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its first generation, So very positive
news from AMD, who continue their market

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leadership. This week there's also the
news of the AI Alliance. What's that

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about? Well, IBM, Meta, AMD and the total of fifty companies

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have launch their new AI Alliance.
This is an international community of learning technology

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developers, researchers and adopters collaborating together
to advance they say open, safe and

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responsible AI. But interestingly Open AI
the company behind the world famous chat GBT

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that everyone else is trying to copy. They're not on the list. And

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of course they're saying all the right
things. There's all these things I want

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to do. You can read the
full press release that I've reprinted from the

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Alliance on Tech Advice that life.
But there's a lot of regulation that's coming

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down the pipeline from different governments Europe, the US, UK. They're investigating

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AI, they're going to be regulating
it. And some of these companies are

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trying to get ahead of the term
they well they are, they are,

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and of course they've made a big
sub adnance about responsible ad But all these

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companies want to be part of setting
the agenda, not following someone else's agenda,

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and when you've got Chat, GPT
and Open Air on one side,

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getting all the money, in the
fame and the kudos, even though there's

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quite a number of other companies who
are just as powerful. They're banning together

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with this alliance. And look now
only got to announce in the last week.

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We'll yet to see what the true
results are. But yet more AI

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news and Googles launched its new Gym
as well. Yeah, they're calling it

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the most capable AI model yet,
and they say that it's built from the

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ground up to be multi modal,
So this Gemini can generalize and seamlessly understand,

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operate across and combine different types of
information including text, images, audio,

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video, and code all at the
same time. So you can give

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it very sophisticated prompts and it can
do this multimodal reasoning and advance coding.

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And it's got three different sets,
so it's got Ultra pro and Nano so

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it can run on a data center
right down to your pixel phone and it

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can do their sort of chat deputy
responses right on your phone without having going

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to the cloud. But it's got
this flexibility. The system can scale from

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data centers right downto your mobile phone. So this is something that Google is

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doing to compete with Chat Juputy four
and the upcoming Chat Jupiter five. And

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the power of the engine you have
running your AI systems determines how quick and

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smart and good it is and how
often it doesn't hallucinate, it doesn't give

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you the wrong information. And Google
has just launched their challenge to the rest

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of the industry. And what else
is on the website this weekctionaries have got

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AI words that have entered their Words
of the Year list. So for Oxford,

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the word of the year or one
of the words of the year was

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prompt, which is the question or
the statement that you give to a GPT

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to create what it is you want
and the more details you give, the

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better the result. For Cambridge the
word is hallucinate, where your GPT system

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is confidently spotting this information as though
it's absolutely real, but it's absolutely wrong.

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And then Mariam Webster actually has a
sort of a redefinition of the word

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authentic. Authentic is the word of
the year. And this, you know,

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with the rise of artificial intelligence,
you've got these deep fake videos,

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you've got the actors who are worried
about competing with AI versions of themselves.

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You've got AI writing scripts, You've
got AI doing all these things, and

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there's going to be a move back
to people who are able to hand craft

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something made by humans, not made
by AI. And so they're highlighting the

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word authentic because it's got a different
flavor now that we have all this AI,

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fake artificially generated stuff. So that's
their word of the year. There's

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also hackers who are predicting the biggest
cybersecurity worries. In twenty twenty four,

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00:18:59.200 --> 00:19:03.400
LG's brand Rey launch, Microsoft launching
its new Incredible Seeing AI app, and

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00:19:03.559 --> 00:19:07.839
plenty more. Please come and visit
Techadvice dot Life. That's Alex saharov Royd

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00:19:07.960 --> 00:19:27.240
from tech Advice dot Life, and
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Time with Stuart Gary. You've been
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This has been another quality podcast production
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