Jan. 9, 2025
Galactic Discoveries, Astronomical Dilemmas & Space Innovations: #485 - Holiday Special 5
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Space Nuts Episode 485: Imaging the Unimaginable...
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Space Nuts Episode 485: Imaging the Unimaginable - Sagittarius A*, Dark Matter Theories, and Astronomy's Bright Future
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this engaging episode of Space Nuts as they delve into the latest astronomical breakthroughs and thought-provoking listener questions. From capturing the elusive image of Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the centre of our galaxy, to exploring intriguing theories about dark matter and energy, this episode promises to expand your cosmic horizons.
Episode Highlights:
- First Image of Sagittarius A*: Discover the groundbreaking achievement of imaging the supermassive black hole at the heart of our Milky Way. Learn about the challenges faced by astronomers and the significance of this monumental discovery.
- Dark Matter and Energy Theories: Dive into a listener's speculative question about the nature of dark matter and energy. Explore the possibilities of anti-gravity and the mysteries that continue to baffle scientists.
- The Future of Astronomy: Hear from a listener in India contemplating a career in astronomy versus physics. Fred Watson Watson shares insights into the promising future of astronomy and the diverse opportunities available within the field.
- Space News with Anna: Get the latest updates on the private space sector, including Toyota's investment in Interstellar Technologies and NASA's revamped Mars Sample Return mission. Learn how these developments could shape the future of space exploration.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform.
For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com.
Become a supporter of this podcast in 2025 for extended commercial-free episodes and more. Visit our Support page for options: spacenutspodcast.com/about
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
00:00 - Space Nuts is taking a bit of a break at the moment
00:21 - Professor Fred Watson joins us to talk astronomy and space science on Space Nuts
02:26 - Scientists have finally released an image of a black hole in our Milky Way galaxy
09:36 - Professor Fred Watson answers Space Nuts' question and answer segment
10:14 - Mike: Gravity in the lack of mass may explain Voyager slowing down
16:05 - Should I go for pure physics or astronomy after graduation? Kabir asks
21:24 - Andrew: Kabir, find something you love and turn it into a career
23:34 - Japanese startup Interstellar Technologies has secured major investment from Toyota
25:34 - NASA has unveiled a major overhaul of their Mars sample return mission
27:32 - Anna shares latest developments in space science with the SpaceNuts podcast
✍️ Episode References
Interstellar Technologies
[Interstellar Technologies](https://www.istellartech.com/)
Event Horizon Telescope
[Event Horizon Telescope](https://eventhorizontelescope.org/)
James Webb...
WEBVTT
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Space Nuts is taking a bit of a break at
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the moment. Fred and I will be back in the
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not too distant future with fresh episodes. In the meantime,
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enjoy some of the key episodes that we have presented
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over the years, major events in astronomy and space science,
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and we'll see you real soon.
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Space Nuts.
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Hello, once again, thanks for joining us on Space Nuts,
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where we talk astronomy and space science. We're also going
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to look at almost literally SAGITTARIUSA. They've finally got an
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image of the black hole at the center of our
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solar system. Well, we don't want it there.
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The center of our galaxy.
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We'll also be answering questions about dark matter, the future
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of astronomy, and that's all coming up on this edition
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of Space Nuts.
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Fifteen the Channel ten nine ignition Space Nuts or three two.
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One spaces and actually bought it. Neils Good and joining
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me as he always does, is Professor Fred Watson, Astronomer
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at Large. Hello, Fred, are you doing it?
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Andrew? Good to see you you too.
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We were kind of in the same vicinity on the weekend.
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Did you get to Kuna Barbon No? I didn't, Well,
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we won't in the same vicinity then no, it was
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only Yeah.
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What happened was the event that I was coming to
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kun Barbon for was canceled because of an outbreak of COVID,
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so of course always the way.
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Well, I was only forty kilometers down the road at
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a little village called Trouina. Friends of ours were staying
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in the caravan park there, so we went up to
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see them and spent the weekend there. What a lovely,
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sleepy little town it is.
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We went.
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They had a bit of a fundraiser on at the
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pub that night, so we went along there and we
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thrashed our wives at a few games of pool. And
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I got the most amazing image of the moon through
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the clouds as it rose on Saturday night, and it
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just it looks like a painting. I don't know how
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it worked out that way. I took that with my iPhone.
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It looks extraordinary. I've put it on the Space Nuts
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facebook page if anyone wants to have a look at it. Yeah,
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just one of those photos that turned out well without
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any planning whatsoever. Now, Fred, let's talk about one of
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the most exciting pieces of news in astronomy to date.
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And I know that's a big call, but we did
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not so long ago talk about the image of a
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black hole that was created, and we talked about the
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fact that they were trying to get an image of SAGITTARIUSA,
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the black hole at the center of our Milky Way galaxy,
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and they have finally done it.
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Yeah, it's you know, a lot. It's been a long
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story of this because the observations for this, Andrew, were
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made back in April two thousand and seventeen. And you're right,
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we did talk about it because the first image that
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was released, which was in twenty nineteen, believe it or not,
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that's wow, three years ago. I think it was October.
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I can't remember anyway. That first image was of the
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basically the shadow of the event horizon in the eighty
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seven galaxy, which is fifty five million years fifty five
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million light years away, and it surprised astronomers actually when
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that press because there was a lot of media hype
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and I think I sat in on the press release,
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just as I did last week for the sangitaris a
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Star black hole. But the eighty seven black hole surprised
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everybody because it's much further away. We all thought it'd
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much easier to image the nearest supermassive black hole, the
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one at the middle of our galaxy. It's a pretty
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hefty thing, four point one million so the masses, But
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it turns out that with six point five billion solar masses,
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them eighty seven black hole was actually easier to image.
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So all the number crunching that took place between twenty
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seventeen and twenty nineteen actually delivered an image that looked
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exactly like a cream doughnut. But that's all right, we
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can put up with that. And what you're seeing there
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is the you know, the material swirling around the black
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hole and releasing radio waves but essentially avoiding what you
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might call the shadow of the event horizon, because what
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it is is this is radiation that's bent by the
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supreme gravity of the black hole but doesn't quite make
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it back into the black hole, so it shines out
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like this beam with a hollow center. And that's what
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we saw back in twenty seventeen, sorry, twenty nineteen, And
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I guess everybody's been waiting for the release of data
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from the center of our galaxy because we knew that
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our galactic center black hole Sagittarius say star was on
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their observing list, so we knew that they've made observations
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of it, but the collaboration has kept things pretty close
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to their chests, and so there was an announcement it's
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about a month ago saying there's going to be a
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big press release from the Event Horizon Telescope about something
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in the Milky Way galaxy. Well, that can only be
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one thing, so it was in some ways the world's
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worst kept secret. Just to run through the statistics, Yes,
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it's twenty seven thousand light years away or thereabouts the
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center of our own galaxy. It is also swirling material
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around it the black hole at four point one million
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times the solar mass, but in a much more gentle
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way than what's happening with eight seven, because M eighty
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seven is what's called an active galaxy, where the black
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hole is gobbling up a lot of stuff. Ours is
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much more modest in its appetite, and so what it
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doesn't have yet, or at least haven't been observed yet,
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is these jets of material that have swept out of
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the black hole's poles because of the magnetic forces that
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are involved with that. So we haven't seen that, but
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there's a suspicion that they might be there. There is
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also a suspicion that this black hole its poles are
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pointing towards us, which might make it harder to detect
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the jets. That was one of the solutions that comes
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out of the number crunching that's been done for the
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black hole. So very exciting news. Good to see it. Yes,
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it still looks like an orange cream doughnut, but that's fine. Yes,
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what they look like?
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Well, I hear they're already working on getting another image.
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The pretty caene to keep working on this, so it's
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not like that's the end of the story. We may
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well learn more. It's a pretty great achievement. They're getting
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an image of something that is very difficult, they say,
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because of the dirtiness of a galaxy.
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Yes, that's right. The dust, you know, the dust between
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ourselves and the galactic center certainly switches off any visible
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light observations. You can penetrate in infrared, and that's how
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we knew the black hole was there, because there are
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stars that were detected in the infrared waveband which are
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clearly orbiting around something very massive. That's what proved the
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black hole. It produced two Nobel Prizes, a couple of
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years ago. What comes next though is really interesting, Andrew,
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because just to explain, the event horizon telescope is actually
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a consortium of eight observatories, or it was when these
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observations were made, all on the side one side of
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the Earth, so Australia is not part of it because
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our telescopes are on the wrong side of the planet.
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But they're all linked together in a really interesting way
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because you know, you need very precise observation timings and
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things of that sort. But that consortium has now been
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joined by other radio observatories, which increases its power. And
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what is next on the agenda is to make movies
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of what's going on in our galactic center, so we
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might see these blobs of energetic material swirling around the
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event's horizon, which they do actually very rapidly. At the
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black hole in the middle of our galaxy. It's a
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matter of minutes that it takes them to go around once,
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whereas in eighty seven it's a matter of I think
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it's days actually rather than minutes because it's such a
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massive black hole. So there is more to come, yeah,
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it's we may even see more stuff this year.
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Will the James Web Space Telescope be able to because
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it infra rid, will it be able to do any
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imaging of the Sagittary say start, yes.
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I mean what it will image is the objects around it.
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There may be there are occasionally infrared bursts of radiation
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from the galactic center that the James Web might well
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be able to pick up. So I think generally so
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these ways observations we're made at a wavelength of one
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point three millimeters. That's well into the millimeter radio wave band.
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Now James Webb is infrared, which is much much shorter
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than that, but I think at the long wavelength and
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it will see things coming from the galactic center, So yes,
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we might well see your results.
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Fascinating all right, incredible news and it's something we will
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be keeping an eye on because I'm sure there'll be
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more to learn from Sagittari's a star. This is Space
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Nuts Andrew Dunkley here with Professor Fred Watson, Astronomer at Large.
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Let's take a little break from the show to tell
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Now back to the show.
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Space Nuts.
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Time for our question and answer segment where you ask
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us questions and we say, I don't know. That's how
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it goes, isn't.
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It for a or less? Yeah, there's a little bit
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more to that. It's usually I don't.
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We actually do a lot of talking before we say
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I don't, and.
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Then we follow it with butt. I'll make it up anyway.
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Yes, all right, let's go to our first question from Mike.
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My name is Mike. I live on Vancouver Island in Canada.
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I love the show. A question about I guess would
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be black matter and dark energy. I guess there's a
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well of gravity where there's something with mass. What if
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there was an up lifting gravity in the lack of mass,
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would that maybe make sense for those problems like the
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voyager slowing down outside of the Solar System and universe,
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the galaxies spinning faster than they should be, and maybe
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even the voyage in between the galaxies making the filaments
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of an upheaval of gravity pushing things away. And maybe
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that's why we can't see dark matter and dark energy,
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because we can only see gravity by its it's mass
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is interacting with it. Anyhow, just the thoughts. Love your show.
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Thank you very much, Thank.
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You very much, Mike. Yes, all right, some interesting theories,
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and I think we talked about this before we started.
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But it's good that people are thinking about this kind
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of stuff. That's how we learn. That's how we sort
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of start investigating and finding out what's what.
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Yes, So it is a great question, and I guess
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we should clarify that what we're talking about is not
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dark energy, which permeates the whole universe and is the
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force that's whatever it is that's driving the accelerated expansion
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of the universe. What we're talking about is the effect
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