April 2, 2026
Artemis Adventures, Interstellar Toilets & Unveiling Second Generation Stars
Artemis 2, Space Toilets, and the Discovery of a Second Generation Star In this fascinating episode of Space Nuts, hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson take you on a journey through the latest developments in space exploration. With Artemis...
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In this fascinating episode of Space Nuts, hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson take you on a journey through the latest developments in space exploration. With Artemis 2 set to launch, they dive into the mission's exciting details, including Australia's role in communication and the innovative design of the spacecraft's toilet system. They also discuss NASA's ambitious plans for a permanent moon base and the recent evacuation of an astronaut from the International Space Station, shedding light on the challenges faced in space travel. Finally, the episode wraps up with an intriguing discovery of a second generation star, offering insights into the universe's early history.
Episode Highlights:
- Artemis 2 Launch: Andrew and Fred explore the Artemis 2 mission, discussing the significance of Australia's CSIRO involvement in communications and the advanced technology behind the Orion spacecraft's hygiene bay.
- NASA's Moon Base Plans: The hosts delve into NASA's announcement of a $20 billion investment over seven years to establish a permanent base on the moon, examining the implications for future lunar exploration.
- ISS Crew Evacuation Update: A detailed look at the recent medical emergency involving astronaut Mike Finke, including the mystery surrounding his seizure and the ongoing investigations to ensure astronaut safety in space.
- Second Generation Star Discovery: Andrew and Fred discuss the implications of discovering a second generation star, known as Pick 2503, and what it reveals about the universe's formation and the lifecycle of stars.
For more Space Nuts, including our continuously updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, Instagram, and more. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favorite platform.
If you’d like to help support Space Nuts and join our growing family of insiders for commercial-free episodes and more, visit spacenutspodcast.com/about.
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support.
In this fascinating episode of Space Nuts, hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson take you on a journey through the latest developments in space exploration. With Artemis 2 set to launch, they dive into the mission's exciting details, including Australia's role in communication and the innovative design of the spacecraft's toilet system. They also discuss NASA's ambitious plans for a permanent moon base and the recent evacuation of an astronaut from the International Space Station, shedding light on the challenges faced in space travel. Finally, the episode wraps up with an intriguing discovery of a second generation star, offering insights into the universe's early history.
Episode Highlights:
- Artemis 2 Launch: Andrew and Fred explore the Artemis 2 mission, discussing the significance of Australia's CSIRO involvement in communications and the advanced technology behind the Orion spacecraft's hygiene bay.
- NASA's Moon Base Plans: The hosts delve into NASA's announcement of a $20 billion investment over seven years to establish a permanent base on the moon, examining the implications for future lunar exploration.
- ISS Crew Evacuation Update: A detailed look at the recent medical emergency involving astronaut Mike Finke, including the mystery surrounding his seizure and the ongoing investigations to ensure astronaut safety in space.
- Second Generation Star Discovery: Andrew and Fred discuss the implications of discovering a second generation star, known as Pick 2503, and what it reveals about the universe's formation and the lifecycle of stars.
For more Space Nuts, including our continuously updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, Instagram, and more. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favorite platform.
If you’d like to help support Space Nuts and join our growing family of insiders for commercial-free episodes and more, visit spacenutspodcast.com/about.
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support.
WEBVTT
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Hello again, thanks for joining us on another episode of
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Space Nuts.
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My name is Andrew Unkley. Great to have your company.
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Hope you're well.
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Coming up on this episode and by the time you
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hear this, Artemis two should be on its way to
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the Moon. But more importantly, we're going to talk about
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their plumbing.
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That's very interesting.
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We'll also talk about CSIRO involvement in the mission and
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NASA's announcement about a moon base.
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It'll have toilets too, more.
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News on the ISS crew evacuation in January, and some
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real astronomy with the discovery of a second generation star.
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What is the second generation star? We'll tell you in
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a second.
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Fifteen seconds guidance is Internal ten nine ignition sequence Star,
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Space Nuts NY or three two one spacenutes.
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As when I reported Bill's good.
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And he's back for more, he is Professor Fred Watson,
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Astronomer at Large.
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Hello Fred, Hello Andrew, and back for more.
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Yes, and very excited because of where we are in
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the story of human exploration in the Moon.
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Yes, it is very exciting, all these years after the
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Apollo missions, and it looks like systems are go.
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Touch wood. I've got a wooden table.
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But yes, by the time people hear this should be
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well on its way, so we keep our hopes ever
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positive for Artemis too. Let's get straight into talking about
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the mission launch aside. There's a lot of cooperation that
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goes into missions like these, and that was the case
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with Apollo and many other missions, space Shuttle missions, etc.
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Since then, and this is no different. There's a lot
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of involvement and our very own CSIRO, the National Science Agency,
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is involved.
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Indeed, it is via NASA's Deep Space Network, which is
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actually managed by the Jet Propulsional Laboratory in Southern California,
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part of NASA, but that is going to be responsible
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for communication with the Orion spacecraft, which is the vehicle
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that's taking the Artemis.
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Two crew around the Moon.
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They will be responsible for that those communications while it's
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not in lower Earth orbit, in other words, while it's
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sort of on the way to the Moon, going round
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the Moon and on the way back, and so it's
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The Deep Space Network has three facilities, one at Goldstone
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in California, one near Madrid in Spain, and one near
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Canberra in Australia, and that's at Tidbinbilla. It's quite a
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major communications center. The tid Bimbila Deep Space Network Station,
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a place we've visited several times and has some fantastic equipment,
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including some very big dishes, that is going to be
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part and parcel of the Artemis two mission. So it's
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great that Australia is playing an enabling role in that,
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because the reason why you have three of these stations
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more or less equidistant around the Earth is that as
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the Earth turns, there will always be one of them
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which can contact any given spacecraft, except if that spacecraft
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happens to be Voyager two, which can only be communicated
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with by the Tidbinbilla facility. Because it is in the
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Southern Hemisphere sky.
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That is interesting, isn't it. Yeah, it was so far
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away now you can't really. Yeah, the angles are all wrong.
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I think that's right.
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Angles are wrong for them, Yes, it is so that
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for the other, for the two Northern Hemisphere stations, it's
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below their horizon permanently. So yes, so we Voyager two,
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of course carries no humans. It's a robotics. They're doing
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well if they're still there after microbes. Yeah, there could
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be microbes, and in fact they almost certainly will be microbes,
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and it probably playing cards in a corner somewhere, waiting
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for some suitable solar system to come along in about
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five billion years time.
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Yeah, that's something to think about, isn't it.
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That's right, Yes, it's of colonizing the universe.
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Yeah, I suppose back to the CSRO involvement, and if
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you look, if anyone's seen that great Australian movie The Dish,
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I'll know that the park's radio telescope was very much
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at the center of communications with the Apollo eleven moonwalk
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and relaying a lot of that radio traffic from the
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lunar surface.
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So we've got a history of it.
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Indeed, I mean.
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It's a very funny, very funny feel a lot of
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creative license. But ye, in fact, you know it really
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really put Parks on the map, didn't it.
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Yes, where it should have put Tidbinbiller on the map,
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because they did most of their work. Apparently it's always
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been a bone of contention because Tidbinbiller and in fact
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the dish that they did, in fact, it wasn't at
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Tidbinbilla then it was a place called Auroral Creek if
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I remember rightly, which is also near camera. But the
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dish that was used there for the Apollo missions was
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actually it's not used anymore, but it was recited to
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Tidbinbiller so for the Deep Space Network. And yes, I
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don't think I mentioned in my intro there that the
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the CSIRO operates. That's that facility on behalf of NASA,
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the Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization.
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Yeah, terrific people, and yeah, they do a lot of
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work in silence. They do obviously publish their findings, but
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or they work or whatever it is they're doing, but
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people tend not to really notice them much, which is unfortunate.
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I thought that was I thought that was going to
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be a pun there because they a lot of them
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have to do with radio silence, to do with protecting
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radio astronomy facilities.
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That's one of the things. But you're absolutely right.
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They are the unsung heroes in many ways of the
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Australian scientific world. It's the National Science Agency.
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Indeed, so that's one aspect of this particular mission with
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the Australian communications involvement.
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Let's talk about the toilet. What's going on with the toilet.
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I'm glad you asked me about that. The main thing
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is that believe it or not, there is one on
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the Apollo Capsule, which is what the artemists two crew
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will be riding to and around them own in. It's
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got this private enclosure in the Apollo capsule itself.
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Apparently it's accessible.
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Through a hatch in the floor of the spacecraft, but
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floor doesn't matter when you're when you're in zero gravity.
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It's not big.
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Apparently, it's about the size of the restroom on a
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small passenger jet, and it was actually built by Lockheed Martin,
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who built passenger jets as.
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Well, I think.
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Still unlike the Apollo missions, in which three male astronauts
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had to virtually improvise over their more or less ten
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day trips to the Moon and back. This basically this
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toilet facility has echoes of the toilet facilities on the
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International Space Station. It's referred to not as about through
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but as a hygiene bay. It's got a door. There's
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a hinging door in the floor of the the floor
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of the Orion capsule through which the astronauts can access
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this hygiene bay, and you can either shut the door,
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or if you need a bit more room, there's a
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curtain that you can use. One of the quotes I
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love from actually one of the astronauts who's talking about
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their mission coming up. You would float over to the door,
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open up the hinging door and float on in the
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idea of floating.
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Into your floating in it's okay, But floating out.
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That's what might float out with you. That's they worry.
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But that's all taken care of by a fan apparently,
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so and squishing things down. Okay, I think actually I
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think it's a I think it's a polythene bag. I
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think it's a fan on the International Space Station, but
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not not in the in the Oriyan capsule.
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As long as you don't have to waffle stomp it.
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Okay, that sounds like, yes, I can sort of. You know,
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that countries up a picture in my mind that I'd
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rather not have.
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That's what we're doing.
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That's what you do when you take your dog to
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the dog park. You end up with something like.
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Possibly sad.
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But this is interesting because back in the Apollo era
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they didn't have anything remotely exotic like this. They had
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plastic bags apparently yep.
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And sort of slip on facilities that would only work
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for a male and yep.
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So that's all right, Thankfully they've caught up with the
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times and.
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Hopefully that all works.
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Well.
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Yeah, there is another subtlety, Andrew that might be of interest,
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and that is, and we've talked about this before, the
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urine on the International Space Station, which is an everyday
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product by its inhabitants, is actually recycled in a bid
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to make the International Space Station as free from as
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sustainable as possible, I guess is the way to put it.
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They recycle that and use it for drinking, which is extraordinary.
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Why don't we do that on Earth? Well, you can
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do it in space, But I do remember in the
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early days of the International Space Station they didn't do that.
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They used to dump the urine into space. And I
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can't remember which astronautic was who made that famous quote,
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there's nothing more beautiful in space than a urine dump
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at dawn, which is when the low angle of the
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sun catches all these ice crystals, which is what they
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are now. That is what they're going to do on
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Orion because the mission is short in that they don't
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need to go through the recycling process that can carry
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enough water with them, and so they will they will
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maybe see a urine dump at Dawn who.
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Now, okay, could be interesting. I'm not sure that they'll
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broadcast it. They're broadcasting quite a bit though, which will
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be fascinating. So we'll be able to keep an eye
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on things, just certain things we probably don't want to
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keep an eye on. But while we're talking about the Moon,
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there is one more story that's that's making headlines, and
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that is an announcement by NASA for a Moon base.
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That's correct, really, yeah, they've obviously been behind closed doors
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making a lot of plans and now they're ready to
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go public.
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A lot's changed actually in the last month. We've got
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Apollo three being the not the first landing on the Moon,
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but an exercise in low Earth orbit, which will test
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out the capabilities of both the SpaceX and the Blue
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Origin versions of the Lunar Lander. And then Artemis four
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will be the landing process itself, the lunar landing hopefully
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in twenty twenty eight. But the other big announcement, exactly
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as you've said from Jared Isaac Munday, NASA Administrator, the
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boss of NASA, is the idea of an point and appropriation.
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That's the word of twenty billion dollars over seven years
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in order to build a permanent moon base on the
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lunar surface. And that's a change in philosophy because it
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was not seen as being artemis was seen as more exploratory,
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with only the very later stages of the Artemist program
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settling anything like a permanent.
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Base on the Moon.
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But it looks as though over the next seven years
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that money is going to be spent on actually setting
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up shop on the Moon for perhaps long term, maybe
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permanent habitation, teaching us how to live on an alien world.
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One consequence of.
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This is that the the project to have a mini
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international space station in orbit around the Moon, which was
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called the Gateway spacecraft that has been put on pause,
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which probably means it's dead, I would guess, even though
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some of the main contractors have put a lot of
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effort into it, and in fact, I think most of
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the Gateway already exists, but it's being put on pause.
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It may one day be re you know, re invigorated
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to take to be useful for astronauts visiting the Moon,
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but at the moment it's on hold.
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Fair enough to.
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I guess putting a permanent base on the Moon is
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going to be divisive to a lot of people don't
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think that's a good idea, But if Nessa doesn't do it,
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somebody will.
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That's correct, yes, and we know who it will be,
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probably probably, Yeah, all right.
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Those stories are all available via the NASA website. You
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can also read about the CSIRO through their own website
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c csiro dot au and the Space Toilet. Well, I
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think that's probably on every website of the popular press,
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but you can read about it on space dot com
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as well. There's a Space Nuts with Andrew Dunkley and
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Professor Fred Watson.
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Space Nuts. Now, some time ago.
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We did a story about a crew evacuation on the
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International Space Stations Station involving an astronaut, fifty nine year
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