Oct. 21, 2024
#462: Dark Matter Mysteries, Gravitons & Interferometry Insights
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Space Nuts #462 Q&A Edition
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred...
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Space Nuts #462 Q&A Edition
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in another enlightening Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they tackle intriguing questions from listeners around the globe. From the perplexing nature of dark matter and dark energy to the possibility of interferometry using Space and ground-based telescopes, this episode is packed with cosmic curiosities and insightful discussions.
Episode Highlights:
- Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Solar System: Trent from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, questions why dark matter and dark energy, which comprise 96% of the universe, are not factored into the movements of our solar system. Fred Watson Watson explains the scale and influence of these mysterious forces.
- Interferometry with Space Telescopes: Bo from Victoria wonders if it's theoretically possible to perform interferometry using Space telescopes like Hubble and James Webb, combined with ground-based telescopes. Explore the current limitations and future possibilities of this technology.
- The Mystery of Gravitons: Vincent questions the existence of gravitons and their potential to form self-propagating waves. Delve into the intersection of quantum theory and relativity as Fred Watson Watson discusses this theoretical particle.
- Biblical Floods and Astronomical Events: Christopher from Bayville, North Carolina, inquires about the possibility of biblical floods being linked to astronomical events. Discover the fascinating connections between historical events and cosmic phenomena.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website at www.spacenutspodcast.com. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform.
For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support.
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
WEBVTT
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Hi there, it's Andrew Duncley from Space Nuts. Here we
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go again with a Q and A episode.
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I hope you're well.
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Thanks for joining us once again, and on this episode
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we are going to be answering questions about dark matter
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and dark energy. However, the twist on this is how
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do we predict movement in our solar system without accounting
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for dark energy and dark matter. That's a good question. Interferometry.
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Somebody wants to know if we can use space telescopes
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for that, and they're also asking about the life of Brian.
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We'll get into that shortly. Gravitons and whether or not
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they are responsible for gravitational waves and biblical floods. That's
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all coming up on a Q and A edition of
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Space Nuts fifteen.
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Second guidance is in Terannal ten nine ignition Space Nuts
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or three two nice as when I report it.
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Neil's good and joining us once again is his good self,
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Professor Fred what's an astronomer at large? Hello Fred, Hello.
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Andrew, good to see you.
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Good to see you too. And the voice is still struggling,
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so please forgive me. I might sound like what's like
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a famous news reader.
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If I keep that.
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Yes, I can bang it on at the moment, but
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hopefully it'll go away real soon.
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Shall we get started.
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We've got a lot to get through, So we've got
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a couple of text questions, a couple of audio questions.
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I think we'll just just plunge on in. Our first
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question comes from Trent Hello from Saint John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
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It's my understanding the existence of dark matter and dark
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energy first became necessary to explain why stars at the
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edges of galaxies are unable to escape the gravity of
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the galaxy.
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They live in.
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However, the existence of dark energy and dark matter is
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not necessary to accurately predict the relationships between the bodies
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and our own solar system. If dark energy and dark
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matter make up ninety six percent of the universe, why
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is it not necessary to predict the relationships between the planets, moons,
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et cetera in our solar system? Is its existence kept
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to a minimum within the bubble that is our solar system? Also,
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I have a question for Andrew. Is Hugh a real person?
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If so, what do you have him on some dime?
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I love the podcast, Please don't stop making it. Love
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you guys, Love you too. Trent I'll answer the second
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question first. Yes, Hugh is a real person. There, he
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is there. Look, can't just see him? Hang on, My
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name is Hugh. It is good to be a part
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of the show.
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No, he's real. He is real.
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He runs the whole company actually, and he's been with
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it since the very beginning. And yeah, he just sits there.
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And yes, look, we have asked him to come on
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the show and he declines, can't.
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Look.
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You know, he's an old radio man from way back.
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I actually met Hugh at a radio station in Newcastle
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when I was in high school and did job experience.
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This is a true story. I'd written him a letter
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asking him how to get in radio and he never
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answered me. And I confronted him on that when I
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was doing job experience and he said, oh, well, too bad, and.
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I thought, oh, very nice.
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Anyway, he ended up becoming my boss at the ABC,
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and here we are now working together on this podcast.
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I mean, it's a crazy world the way it all
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works out. I saved that story up because he didn't
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remember me, but I recognized him and finally put two
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and two together. The first time I saw him coming
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up the driveway at the radio station in Dubohre and
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I went, oh my gosh, I know.
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Who that is.
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And it all sort of unfolded from there. But I
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saved the story until the day I left the ABC
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and I emailed Hugh and said, guess.
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What and told him that story. Yeah. So yes, Israel Israel.
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Whether or not it'll ever come on the show remains
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to be seen, but put enough pressure on and you
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just never know your luck. Lovely bloke, and we really
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appreciate him, and I won't say anything nice about him
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ever again. Now, let's let's try and tackle Trent's question
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about dark energy dark matter and why it doesn't influence
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the movements of our planets within our solar system, given
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the fact that dark energy and dark matter makeup ninety
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six percent of the universe or thereabouts.
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Yeah, it's great questions, and it sort of comes about
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in terms of mutters of scale, if I put it
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that way. So, dark energy is something whose existence only
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becomes apparent when you're looking at things which are millions
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of light years away, and it's you know, it is.
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It is a Its effect is to cause the expansion
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of the universe to accelerate. Neither that expansion nor acceleration
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are prominent on scales that you know, are small enough
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to think about planets and stars or even galaxies actually,
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so you know, our galaxy is not being torn apart
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because the expansion of the universe, and that's because gravity
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is by far the most significant force over that kind
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of scale length. When it comes to dark matter, that's
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an interesting one and basically the Solar System is immersed
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in dark matter. It's a it's in a blob of
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dark matter, which is kind of the size of the galaxy,
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and so it is on scales relating to planets, it
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is perfectly uniform and so there it doesn't have any
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gravitational influence. We're sort of inside it, this uniform volume
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of dark matter. So the it's the even though it's
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you know, it's it outweighs normal matter when you look
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at the sum totals, when you when you look at
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the way objects in the Solar System behave, it's simply
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the gravitational pull of the the objects themselves that become important.
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That background, if I put it that way, of dark
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matter is irrelevant because it's completely uniform. So it's but
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there are interesting questions, and you know, the the existence
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of dark matter and dark energy is not just because
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we see galaxies that would tear themselves apart if they
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was nothing there other than what you can see. Galaxy
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clusters are the same, They would fly apart if all
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you could see was all that there is. It's not
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just those that tell us about the existence of dark matter.
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We've got gravitational lensing effects which come from dark matter,
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and we can look at the universe as at all.
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We were talking in the last episode about the angle
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Australian telescope and the way it's mapped the galaxies around it.
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The structure of material within those galaxies also tell you
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about dark energy and dark matter. In the science of cosmology.
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It's quite complicated stuff, but it actually reveals that both
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of them are real phenomena, and so it is still
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a mystery. It's still the biggest mystery that we confront
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I think in exploring the universe, with the exception of
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are we alone, it's an even bigger one. But yeah,
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dark matter and dark energy pretty good.
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Yeah, and a lot of work being done to try
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and unravel the mystery. But so far we yeah, we
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get more questions than answers. But yeah, one day we'll
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figure it out, hopefully sooner rather than later, but you
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just never know.
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We may never find out.
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Hopefully that won't be the case, but there's so much
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to learn.
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Thank you, Trent.
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Great question. As always, Our next question comes from Sunny Queensland.
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I think, hello, Fred and Andrew, it's blow here. I'm Welburn.
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Do you hold up the shortest.
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Name you listen?
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What is?
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I have a question for you. It's a keoretical one.
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I was wondering if it is theoretically possible to interferometry
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with the space telescopes and ground based telescopes. So we
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have the Hubble telescope, we have the Jam's web, and
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we'll have a number of large ground based telescopes. Can
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we actually do an intraferometry imaging of a star away
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object using these objects? Using these telescopes, That's how we
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got the center drop the black hole in Sagittarius a star,
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and I think we can do something similar with those
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two space telescopes and and then brought the ground based telescopes.
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I was wondering if that's to really be possible. Speaking
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of theories, has anybody done a study or between the
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correlation of the name Brian and astronomy. I'll give you
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four data points. There's Brian May, Brian Cox, Brian Schmidt
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and Brian Green. Surely they're not consequences anyway, looking forward
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to your response.
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Thanks Bo.
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There's also Brian from Sunny Queensland. Sorry, Bro, I don't
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know why I thought you were from Queensland. Maybe because
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I've got friends visiting from Queensland at the moment, queens
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and stuck in my head. But no, you're from Sunless Victoria.
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So yes, thanks for the Thanks for the question, Bo,
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what did he say? The shortest name in our in
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our listening audience. But you'd have to be careful because
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you know, admitting that your name is b oh, it's
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probably probably not the safest bed.
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In the world.
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He could get ridiculed for that one bow. But thanks
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very much for the question. Let's go with the Brian
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angle first, Fred, Brian's in astronomy.
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I love this. Yeah, this.
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Bunch for former Director of the Australian Astronomical Observatory, Brian Boyle. Now, yeah,
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you Zealand tall O'Brian. If you're listening, you don't think
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he does, but if he does, that's where he is.
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So but you could say the same for Fred, you know,
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because Fred Hoyle. Yeah, Fred.
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Fred Kepler, No, I moved that up.
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There are also got one.
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I've got one. I'll go one.
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Freddie Mercury.
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There you were, Freddie Mercury.
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Yeah.
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No, it's not far off, is it. Brian May and
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Freddie Mercury like that. They were. They were a lot
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of quite interesting. There are a lot of astronomers with
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Fred as their middle name, including David Marley, actually David
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Frederick Marlin. There were other Fredericks too, So I suspect
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there's not a link that you can make. I think
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a more interesting one is not to do with names.
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But I do remember many years ago when the old
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Siding Spring Lodge still existed, the one that burned down
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in the One Belong fire in twenty thirteen. We used
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to have evening dinners there for all the astronomers who
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were on the mountain because they were staying at the lodge.
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They used to have a.
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Dinner every evening, and conversations that those dinners were where
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many many collaborations were dreamed up, was quite extraordinary. So
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sometimes there were twenty astronomers around the table. I do
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remember one time sitting there and all of the all
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of the astronomers on one side of the table, everyone
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was eating soup. All of them on one side of
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the table were left handed. Yeah, And I thought, surely
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that was telling us something about astronomers and the way
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their brains are, because I've left hand too.
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So maybe all of all the threads were left handed,
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and all the bright right.
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Right could be it anyway, So curious collaboration, Sorry, curious
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correlationident I'm looking for Regarding interferometry. Let's come back to
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it for a minute. Even though we're talking about space.
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It's it.
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With current technology, it's not possible. And that is, you know,
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given that you can combine was it eight radio observatories
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to make the EHT the event Horizon Telescope, all facing
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one side of the Earth. They were all linked together
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by very accurate timing. The clocks were the vital part
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of that. And that's because in radio astronomy, the frequencies
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are low enough that you can actually you can interrogate
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the phase of the wave that's coming in. So a
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wave coming in has a phase, and that means you
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can concentrate on one particular or determine which part of
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the wave you're looking at a high bit or a
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low bit or whatever. Now you can do that in
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radio astronomy. The frequencies are low enough that you can
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actually analyze those phases as they're going through, and then
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you can mix them later in such a way that
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the phases actually add or subtract from the different telescopes
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that you're looking at around the world. But that's the whole,
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you know, that's the whole, not the rezon data. But
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it's very much the mode of operation of radio telescopes.
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They all operate, with the exception of single dishes. All
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the arrays operate on that principle of being able to
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know what phase your signal is at and then add
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or subtract at that instant the other ones to form
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an interferometer, which lets you measure very small angles and
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identify detail on very small scales. The reason why you
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can't do that with optical astronomy is simply that the
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frequencies are too high. There is no technology at the
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