Sept. 23, 2024
#454: Universe's Speed Limits, Triple Star Systems & CME Mysteries
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this lively Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they tackle fascinating questions from listeners about the universe's expansion, three sun systems, black hole mergers, and coronal mass ejections....
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RSS Feed Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this lively Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they tackle fascinating questions from listeners about the universe's expansion, three sun systems, black hole mergers, and coronal mass ejections.
Episode Highlights:
- Universal Expansion: What if the expansion of the universe slowed down? Could light overtake the edge of the universe?
- Three Sun Systems: Chris from North Carolina asks about the possibility of a planet orbiting three suns and the gravitational effects of such a system.
- Black Hole Mergers: Discover what happens when black holes merge. Is it like a mini big bang?
- Coronal Mass Ejections: Have we ever collected matter from a coronal mass ejection? Lee from Canada wants to know the details and implications.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website at spacenutspodcast.com. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube Music, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform. For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support. Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
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WEBVTT
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Hi there, Thanks for joining us on a Q and
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A edition of Space Nuts. My name is Andrew Uncley,
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your host. Always good to have your company. And that
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was Fread's chair coming up in this episode. You're not
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supposed to be on yet. Coming up with this episode,
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what if the expansion of the universe slowed down? Somebody
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wants to know. We've also got a triple headed question
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from Chris about three Sun systems merging black holes and attraction,
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and we'll be answering a question about whether or not
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we've collected matter from the coronal mass ejection, not the
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a coronal mass ejection, because they happen a lot, and
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if we've got time, we'll throw in another one, but
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we'll work with what we've got in this Q and
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A edition of Space Nuts.
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Fifteen, Channel ten nine Ignition Space Nuts or three two.
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Space Nurse.
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When I bought it Neil Good, I didn't realize he
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was here. He's so quiet. He's Professor Fred. What's on?
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Hello Fred?
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I apologize for my creaking chair, explained the chair was here,
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but I wasn't. Well.
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Yes, no, there it is. Mine doesn't do that, but
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the microphone does. Don't think. No, it's not doing it now.
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It's like taking a car to the mechanic. Oh, I've
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got this noise. No you haven't. Yeah, I think.
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Maybe I'll try a w D fourty or something.
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Yes, and it's good stuff that I put it on
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my breakfast. Now, let's let's get into some questions and
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we've got it. We've got a few here. I think
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we'll start off with Dave from the beautiful town of
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Inverrel in northwestern New South Wales, which is known for
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its gems. Gem fossicking very popular up there, Hi, Andrew
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and Fred. Previously on the show, you've discussed how the
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universe is expanding faster than the speed of light. Some
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theories propose this expansion may continue, while others suggest the
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expansion might eventually slow down. If the latter is correct,
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could the expansion of the universe slow down to less
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than the speed of light, therefore allowing light to overtake
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the edge of the universe? Is this possible and could
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light exist outside the universe? Day from Inverurrell. I've got
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a feeling you're going to talk about the speed of
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the expansion of the universe because it was faster than
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the spread of light. Initially, but then it did slow down,
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didn't it.
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Yeah, it's a difficult one to discuss this because when
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you talk about the expansion of the universe being faster
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than the speed of light, what do you mean. What
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you might mean is that two objects a certain distance
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apart moving away from each other faster than the speed
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of light, so that so that one will never see
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the other. And that's the best way to think of it.
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You're quite right that we think that during the first
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tent to minus thirty three of a second or thereabouts,
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a tiny, tiny length of time at the beginning of
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the universe, after immediately after the Big Bang, we think
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the expansion was colossal. That it, you know, the universe
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changed shape by our changed size by ten to the
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power fifteen ten to the minus thirty three of a second,
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what we call the inflation period. We're always undername things here,
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and certainly parts of you know, the universe. Bits of
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the universe would have separated from other bits that faster
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than the speed of light, which doesn't contravene special relativity,
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as we've said before, because the universe can do anything
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it likes. What we know is that things can't travel
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through the universe faster than the speed of light, so
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that theory that the universe might collapse in on itself
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was really knocked on the head in nineteen ninety eight
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with the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe
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by my colleague Branch Bitt here in Australia and others
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are overseas in the United States in fact, so that
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basically said, no, we don't think the universe is going
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to collapse an anymore. But in a way we're already
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in the situation that Chris describes because the most distant
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thing we can see, which is the cosmic microwave background radiation,
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and that is a distance you know, effectively a thirteen
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point eight billion years or look back time of thirteen
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point eight billion years, that is not receding from us
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fastened the speed of light, and in fact it's receding
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from us at the speed of light, and we can
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still see it. And of course everything between us and
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that is stuff that is nearer than the cosmic microwave
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background radiation. So by definition all that stuff is not
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moving at the speed of light, we can see it.
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So it's all about horizons, what you can see and
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what you can't see. And the horizon that really limits
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our visibility now is the flash of the Big Bang.
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You're looking so far back in time that you're seeing
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that wall of radiation. It's now microwave radiation, hence the
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name the cosmic microwave background radiation, and it's traveling away
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from us. Yes, at the speed of light.
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There you go. And he also wanted to know if
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light could exist outside our universe. That's I guess that's
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a speculator.
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Yeah. Yeah, we really don't know much about the outside
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of the universe, because universe by definition is everything that
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we can perceive or think about. But yes, there are
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people who think that I was might be just one
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of many universes, maybe were immersed in a higher dimensional void,
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which would perhaps would have light. It might be more
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appropriate to think, though, that outside the universe might not
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have light, but might have gravity, because I think you
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and I have talked about this before. The force of
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gravity compared with the other fundamental forces in the universe,
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and that's electromagnetic force and the strong and weak nuclear forces,
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it's hundreds of billions of times weaker. The force of
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gravity is much much, much weaker, and some people speculate
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that that's because it leaks out of our universe space
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between them.
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Right, Gosh, wouldn't you love to figure out what's they
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out there? Go out there and it would answer so
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many questions, I think. But all we can do is
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speculate and wonder, and you know, we can't even see
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past certain parts of the universe. So no, no, we've
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got no idea. Really, it could be just you know,
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some kind of void, or could be a used car
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sales lot for all we know.
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It's yes, it is. It called the void in Doctor Who.
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I remember Michael Day. Yeah, maybe that's what snapped into
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my brain.
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Yeah, scientists call it the bulk. Actually, ah right, cosmology
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physics name is the bulk, the bulk, it's the void
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for doctor Who, Doctor Who?
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Yes, indeed, Okay, Dave, thanks for your question. I hope
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we managed to help you out there. Let's go to
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our next question. This is this is a big question.
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Chris has never asked us a question before, so he's
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asked basically eight years worth of questions in one hit.
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Take it away, Chris and he Professor Watson.
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My name is Christopher Blue. I'm coming from coming to
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from Hey. You go to North Carolina and the United
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States of America. I love you guys podcasts. I work
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as an infectious disease technologist, so I'm not allowed to
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touch my phone. So what I do is I listened
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to your podcast or eight hours a day, a days
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a week, and I loved it. I'm not want to
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change anything. I actually he's speaking to you from the past.
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I'm on episode two thirty seven, and I held held
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off on asking questions this entire time because I asked
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you all say it could be a question that was
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already answered, but I just defined, you know, to heck
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with that. I'm just ask a question anyway, moving on,
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don't have a lot of time. Don't want to take
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up your time either. But if there was a planetary
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system that orbited or a future if there was a
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plan in that or orbited three suns. You know how
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some systems have binary systems and possible to have three
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three sons.
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And if that was the case, is it.
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Possible for those funds to go into sysgy and cause
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something something like the gravity from all three of those
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sons added up would lift them off the planet. I
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actually saw that in this show called three Body Problem.
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If you haven't seen. It's on Netflix, The Great Show.
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You will love it.
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Also, this is all based on my very small understanding
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cut off you God's favorite subject, black holes. But black
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holes are a singularity, infinitely small point in space, and
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black holes can merge with those singularities, become one one
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singularity or.
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Do they collide?
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And if they collide, would that be like the Big Bang? Okay,
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but now I just wanted to know that. And last question,
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I promise for now if he if everything has an attraction,
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all planets have an attraction, would everything when space be
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attracted towards if nothing else in space had that attraction
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besides Earth with all the planets and everything out there,
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just come towards Earth almost like a holing beacon and
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crash into it. But that's all my questions from now.
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Like I said, love you guys podcast, I really appreciate it.
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Actually it actually urged me to get back into college.
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I told myself I was never going back, but inspired
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me to go back. And I do appreciate it. So
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you guys take it easy.
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And have a great day.
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USA sign and off.
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Thank you Chris. Wow, that was a lot. I was
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gobsmacked that you went back to college because of us.
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I'm humbled by that. Fred, what do you think?
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Yeah, it's great. It's just great to hear it, Chris.
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And good luck with the way it's going, all the
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studies and everything, and keep up the good work with
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infectious disease technology.
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That's yes, So he can't touch his phone while he's
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so he listens to us. Yeah, well, oh look there's
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a terrible disease. Oh no, that was just Fred.
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I think you're the I think you're the one with
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the terrible.
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I've got yes, super pollination, that's what it's called, super pollination.
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That could be a thing.
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Now.
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Chris is questions three different questions. The first one is
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a triple header in itself a three sun system. What
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sort of a problem would a planet have orbiting a
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three sun system? And yes, he mentioned the TV series
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three Body Problem, which is based on a book by
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a Chinese writer. I still haven't finished the first book.
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It's a trilogy, and I'm struggling with it because he's
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really it's a difficult read. They've turned it into a
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fabulous TV show which is very accurate compared to the book,
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which I'm pleased to see so far. But Yeah, the
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problem in the TV series is you've got a planet
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that's trying to evolve and intelligent life keeps developing, but
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then being destroyed by the problem of trying to survive
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in a three sun system. It just can't maintain equilibrium,
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I suppose would be the way to describe it. Is
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that a real thing or are they just making it up?
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No, I was going to say, because I, as you know,
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I watched the three Body problem. But as I was
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listening to Chris's question, though, I thought this would not
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be stable. A planet orbusing three stars which were themselves
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orbitsing their common center of mass almost certainly would be
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very destructive from a gravitational point of view. That it
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wouldn't be a stable situation. And so I think Chris's
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question is first question, what if they all lined up
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in what we call Sissygy. Yeah, that would certainly provide
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an interesting bit of gravitational force on the on the
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poor planet. If that was also in Sissigy with these
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three stars, you might expect very very intense gravitational effects
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which are caused by one side of the planet getting
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pulled more than the other. So so it might, you know,
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if it was near enough, it might even get spaghettified,
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like you get when you get too near a black hole.
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So yes, really quite quite damaging, I think, but it's
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possible it could happen. We've we've covered stories before of
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planets both orbiting the individual members of a binary star system,
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a pair of stars, or the whole thing, and we've
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commented before, I think on how unstable though some of
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those orbits must be, just because the complex and gravitational pools.
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Yeah, well, they do portray the issues very well in
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that TV series three Body Problem, And yes, they do
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actually have scenes of people being lifted off the ground
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because of the gravitational effects of the stars that are
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controlling this planet's fate. Unfortunately, it's very mad for the people,
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very bad for the well.
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I think it would be. Yeah, if you were going
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to be lifted off the ground, you'd almost certainly get
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spaghetti fight.
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I think, Yeah, it's pretty messed up. Chris's next question
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was about merging black holes. What basically happens? Do they
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become one? Do they collide? Yes? What they do? Is
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it like a mini Big Bang? Well we know it
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causes gravitational waves, so yeah, it does make a hell
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