Aug. 25, 2024
#446: Voyager's Future Paths, Black Hole Star Quenching & Ultimate Temperature Limits
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Space Nuts Q&A: Voyager's Journey, Star Formation, and Absolute Temperature Limits Join Andrew Dunkley...
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Space Nuts Q&A: Voyager's Journey, Star Formation, and Absolute Temperature Limits Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this engaging Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they dive into intriguing listener questions about SpaceTime exploration, star formation, and the mysteries of temperature limits in the universe.
Episode Highlights:
- Voyager's Future Path: Alan from Alberta asks about the future trajectory of Voyager 1 and 2. Discover what they might encounter in the distant future and the fascinating possibilities of their journey through interstellar SpaceTime.
- - Star Formation and Black Holes: Ron from New York brings up a complex topic about how supermassive black holes can quench star formation in galaxies. Fred Watson explains the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and the latest findings from the Webb Space Telescope.
- - Absolute Temperature Limits: Time to Take from Florida questions the upper limit of temperature in the universe. Explore the concept of absolute zero, the speed of light, and why there's no absolute maximum temperature.
- - Hypothetical Digestibility: Rennie poses a fun hypothetical about whether humans could digest plants and animals from another planet. Fred Watson and Andrew discuss the possibilities and potential risks.
- Don't forget to send us your questions for our Q&A episodes via our website... spacenuts.io
- Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.Visit our websites:- www.spacenuts.io
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WEBVTT
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Oh again, thank you for joining us.
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This is a Q and A edition of Space Nuts.
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My name is Andrew Dunkley. Coming up, we're going to
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be looking at Voyager one and Voyager two. A question
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from Alan Ron wants to talk about star formation and
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Tom has brought up that maximum potential temperature in the
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universe thing again. We'll talk about all of that and
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more on this episode of Space Nuts.
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Fifteen second in Channel ten nine ignition Space Nuts or
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three two one Space Nurse as the night reported, Neil's
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good and here.
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To answer them all with a massive disclaimer is Professor
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Fred Watson as Dorono Merill Tiphrad.
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How are you, Andrew?
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I'm just reading one questions now and sech I wonder
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what the answer to that is, just as he was sitting.
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Yes, we're going to throw all the questions.
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I think if we if we write a letter to
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the Astronomical Union and just sit and wait, we can
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answer it in a couple of.
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Weeks' worse a long episode.
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Yet, let's just get straight down to it, shall we.
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First question comes from Alan Bye.
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This is Alan Skalhill Roll Medicine, not Alberta, Canada. My
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question is can the trajectory of Voyager one and two
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be extrapolated to determine what galaxy, star or planet they
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could come into contact with in the distant future, and
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what would the likely outcome be of such a contact,
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but they be pulled into the orbit of any of
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these space structures.
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Thank you, love your podcast.
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Thank you Allen. Nice to hear from you again. I
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remember him distinctly because of where he lives Madison Hat. Yeah,
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but it's a question I think that we've had come
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up before in a different form, people wondering where they're
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headed and what they might run into. The answer is, well,
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probably not that complicated for.
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It at the moment, I think they are. I don't
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think you can actually identify anything that they're heading towards
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because we've got blank sky in that direction. And just
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the disclaimer here, you never quite know what sort of
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perturbation they're going to have on the way by, you know,
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out gassing from the spacecraft or a little bit of
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residual solar wind. It could alter the trajectory. But I
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do remember turning the question on its head when your
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old friend Umuamora was first discovered. The extrapolation backwards in
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time forma put it somewhere near the star of one
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of the brightest stars in the in the sky. But
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the disclaimer there was we don't know when it left,
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and Vega would have been in a different place when
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it left from what what we see now, because you're
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talking about journey times of millions of years.
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And I think the same.
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Is true of you know, of the two voyagers, and
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probably new Horizons as well. Pioneer spacecraft are also leaving
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the Solar System. All of them, I think, are heading
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for regions unknown. And it's partly, as I said, because
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we don't know. You know, first of all, how long
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is it going to take them to to have an
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interaction with another body? And until you know that, you
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don't know where that other body is going to be
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in the first place.
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So it's.
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We're talking flight times of potentially billions of years? Are
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we so right now? We couldn't tell you, but of years,
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so much will have changed, so much will have moved,
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something might get in the way and influence them, or
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maybe they'll just go on forever and not hit a thing.
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That's right, So you know, in a billion years time,
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our galaxy will have rotated five times in the in
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the at the distance of the Sun from the from
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the galactic center, so you've got all that swirling stuff
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going on as well. You know, the journey of every
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star around the center of the galaxy takes them on
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past that aren't identical by any means, So you might
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very well find in a billion years you're looking at
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a completely different set of stars that it might run into.
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Yes.
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But the bottom line though, and the answer to the
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final part of the question, is it would The likelihood
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is that it would wind up going into orbits around something.
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A direct collision is unlikely but not impossible, but winding
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up in orbit around something else is perhaps the most
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likely outcome. Whether it's probably going to be a star,
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maybe a planet might become the artificial mode of the planet.
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Yeah, well the Earth has picked up the odd rock,
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hasn't it in recent times? So yeah, that's a possibility.
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But we're not talking any time in the near future.
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I mean, Voyager one and Voyager two barely out of
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our rum, out of the Sun's influence, let alone getting
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into deep interstellar space. They're only just sort of sort
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of on that on on that on that border zone,
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aren't they. Now that's right, Yes, so long way to
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go yet, Alan, a very long way to go, and
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maybe they'll never see a thing and probably go cheese.
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Is it boring? Are we there yet?
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That's right, It probably will go forever. It's straw. Wish
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I'd brought more cassettes. Yes, quiet, Let's move on to.
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Our next question. This comes from Ron A question for
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you from upstate New York. I'll be in upstate New
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York in the latter half of next year. Wrong, just
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in case you want to have lunch. I've seen a
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few posts about star formation being extinguished by the outflow
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of the super massive black hole at the galactic core.
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The paper star formation shut down by a multi phase
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gas outflow in a galaxy at a red shift of
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two point four to five inches. I assume that is
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discusses the higher outflow.
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Is it minutes discussed.
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As the highest neither, it's just the other quotation mark
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from the.
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End of the quote.
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It's all right, discuss this two point four to five
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discuss us the higher outflow of Thank you, cool and
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neutral guests. Well discovered discovered? What should I start again?
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Discovered by the web space telescope. I can understand how
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this outflow would interrupt the stellar formation of the path
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of these jets. But I don't see the mechanism for
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this black hole to quench stellar formation across the entire galaxy.
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Do these jets process and sweep across the galaxy? Hopefully
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doctor Watson can shed some light on this thanks to
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the great podcast Always a Learning Experience, and they send
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us a link to an article about this very thing.
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Thank you, Ron. Can you just for me dumb down
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his questions?
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Yes, So it's basically, and I should say, this is
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a really complex area of galactic astronomy, the astronomy of galaxies,
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and you've got some processes. It depends on gas flows,
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the environment of the galaxy, whether it's surrounded by other galaxies, weather,
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there's a black hole in the middle of it, and
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all of you know, all of that throws into the
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mix as to whether you get this quenching effect of
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the gas flow can quench style formation, for example, until
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stars don't form us rapidly. So I'm just having a
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look now at the Cosmos article that Ron tends us
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are linked to, and it's so here's the sentence, and
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thank you.
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Who am I quoting?
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I think I might be I might a should be
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quoting a press release, in which case that's all right,
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because I can't find an author for this article. But
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that's okay. I'm quoting Cosmos magazine. That's the Australian homegrown
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science magazine. It's long been thought that outflows from super
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massive black holes can suppress style formation, but direct observational
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evidence this has now been lacking. How can a black
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hole have an outflow in the first place A fair question,
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given that black holes are meant to be so dense
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the gravitational field can prevent even light from escaping. So
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the best scientists, I think I'd agree with all scientists
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aren't completely sure, and I think we are pretty sure actually.
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But the best theory suggests that spinning black holes have
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this outflow would flow of matter in the form of
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vertical jets of material, and it's all about conserving angular momentum.
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It's also about magnetic fields. I might throw it and
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so okay.
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So much of difficulty in proving that this car that
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this wind is suppressing star formation is because previous studies
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have been limited to studying ionized gases, which are warm
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in the black hole outflows. But the new study shows
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that more than ninety percent of the wind is made
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up of cool neutral gas, effectively invisible in previous research.
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And so I think that is the hint that the
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outflow that we're seeing, they says of the order of
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one hundred times larger than what we thought it was,
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because this is in the outflow rate of the neutral
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gas there, not the ionized gas that's had its electrons
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stripped off, and so you've got much more outflowing mass
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than was thought of before. And it's so what it
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says is and again i'm quoting now. Who am I
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quoting now? Rebecca Davis from Swimburn. Thanks mate, Rebecca, Welcome
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to space Nuts. Rebecca says the outflow is removing gas
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faster than gas is being converted into stars, indicating that
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the outflow is likely to have a very significant impact
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on the evolution of the galaxy. Our findings provide new
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evidence to indicate that black hole driven outflows are able
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to rapidly shut off or quench. There you go the
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word I use myself staff imation in math gallus. So
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I think the answer to the question is, and you know,
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I think basically Ron thinking of the idea of jets
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of material coming from black holes, which is the way
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they are. But when they get to higher galactic latitudes,
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in other words, higher distances above or below the galactic plane,
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then that those jets become lobes, we call them lobes.
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They become big bubbles of gas. And if there's one
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hundred times more forming those outflows than we can actually see,
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it means those gas bubbles are big enough that they
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can affect the whole galaxy, or at least much of
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the galaxy, which is really the question that Ron's asking,
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and it's a great question. So you know, we tend
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to think of these jets as being focused just vertically
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one way and the other from the black hole, but
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they're really spreading out in a large into a large
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blob to the north and south of the black hole,
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which can basically permeate the entire galaxy.
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So I think that's the answer to the question.
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Okay, don't keep.
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Very good, Thank you, Ron, great question, Thanks for sending
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it in.
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This is Space Nuts.
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Andrew Dunkley here and Professor Fred Watson there left right
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up down.
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Not sure.
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Let's take a quick break from the show to tell
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annual plan which brings the cost down a heck of
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a lot. And don't forget of course, they're thirty day
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00:13:58.440 --> 00:14:02.120
money back guarantee. Keep yourself safe online by having in
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cogny remove your personal information from data brokers, get you
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off search engines, and remove profile links to your old emails,
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home addresses, phone numbers, whatever is out there on you. Really,
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this is a no fuss, carefree way of keeping your
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personal data safe and in Cogni does.
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All the work.
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You just have to give them the green light.
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So check it out.
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Add incogny dot com slash space nuts. That's in Cogni
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00:14:30.759 --> 00:14:35.000
dot com slash space nuts and rest knowing your information
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00:14:35.200 --> 00:14:37.799
is safe. Now back to the show.
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