#415: From Starliner's Slip to Lunar Lights: A Glimpse into Tomorrow's Space Tech

WEBVTT

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Hello again, thank you for joining
us. This is Space Nuts, the

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podcast about astronomy and space science.
My name, my name is I forget.

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My name is Andrew Dunkley, your
host. It's good to have your

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company. Coming up on today's edition, We've got quite a few things to

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talk about. The the ups and
downs, or certainly not ups of the

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Boeing star Liner. We'll have a
quick chat about that. Lighting up the

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Moon with reflectors is on the agenda. And using satellites to predict crop yields.

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Yes, they looked down from space
and go, oh that looks crop.

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And we're going to look at a
special special anniversary with Professor Fred Watson.

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All coming up on this edition of
Space Nuts fifteen in Channel ten nine

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ignition Space Nuts NI or three two
Space Nuts as when I report it.

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Bill's good and here he is the
man of the Millie second Professor Fred Wat's

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an astronomer A large Hello, Fred, I love Andrew. That was a

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pretty croppy introduction you did there.
Yes, I have to agree with you.

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Most of my introductions are here.
You been all well? Well,

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thank you all good? Still still
it's got strong still a stronger at larging.

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Yes, no, fair enough all
right, let's let's get started.

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I want to talk about the Boeing
star Liner because they were I've been reading

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stories about it for the last week
or so. They were so ramped up

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after years of delays, we were
finally going to get it off the ground,

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and ah, it slipped on a
banana. I don't know what happened,

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but it's it looks like another delay. It was, Yes, so

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the crew of two this was going
to be the first crew mission of the

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star Liner, and it was going
to wind up at the International Space Station

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and probably come back from there as
well. And the launch was set for

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Friday our time. I think I'm
right in saying that I can't remember.

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I get so many tag your word
for it launch dates in my mind.

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You know, these days you can
look forward to a launch pretty well every

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day. Anyway, it was recently. Maybe it wasn't Friday. I think

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that might have been Changese six at
launched on Friday, which was also successful.

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The star Liner, however, I
think they got to within two hours

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of liftoff. Might be exaggerating there, and there was a sort of vibrating

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valve I think on the rocket itself
rather than the star Liner, which caused

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the launch not just to be paused, but to be scrubbed. That was

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the official term term scrub, and
in fact you can find online you can

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find the dialogue between mission control and
the two astronauts in the capsule where I've

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actually got it Houston beep beep thing
something like that. I think that I

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mean Houston or it's equivalent. In
twentieth first centuries, speak said we're scrubbing

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the launch, and you could tell, you know, just the it was

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Roger. Yeah, it wasn't Roger. It was Roger Roger, I think

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the laster. Yeah, that's I
mean the you know, I think they'd

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be happy to scrub anything that was
imparting a risk to the launch, So

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I think you'd be happy with that. But yes, the disappointment when you're

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all you're basically keyed up, because
you know, within a matter of ours,

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if not less, you're you're going
to be docking at the International Space

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Station. The last I heard was
that it's scrubbed for at least ten days,

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and in fact, I've just saw
some photos this morning of the the

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assembly basically the rocket booster with the
star Liner on top being moved back to

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the kind of servicing bay that they've
got there, something a bit like that,

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you know, vehicle assembly building that
there is at Pad thirty nine.

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Anyway, so it's scrubbed for a
while, so hopefully we will catch up

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with better news soon. It was
pretty exciting. It will be you know,

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Bowing's first CREWD mission to space.
Yes, well, I'm sure it

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will happen. But as we've said
many times in the past, safety first,

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so they're just being ultra careful,
and who can blame them for that?

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All right, let's move on to
the Moon. To the Moon and

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back. This is a really interesting
story because we're looking there's so much interest

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in the Moon. We've got a
lot of missions either there or on their

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way there, and they're not too
distant. Future human missions coming up soon.

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I know China is looking at putting
a base there, whether it's on

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the surface or in orbit, a
research base of some kind, and it's

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just going to get bigger and bigger. And the Moon's got a lot of

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attention because well, it's got resources
there that people want. But when you

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get there and set up bases and
have people there long term, there are

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challenges, and one of those is
light that's a problem. It is,

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and yes, you know, you're
absolutely right. The South Pole in particular,

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which is a very heavily created region
of the Moon's surface, is attracting

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international attention because we have evidence from
a number of spacecraft, actually notably an

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Indian one Chandra Yara think it was
called, which the evidence supports the notion

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that there is water ice on the
floor of these craters, because being at

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the south pole of the Moon,
the creaters themselves never see the sun overhead

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or anything like overhead. It's always
at an angle low down in the sky,

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and in most cases so low that
it never rises above the walls of

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these creators, and so sorry the
craters. And so the floor of the

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crater is basically yes, it's got
ice on it, which may have been

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there for millions, perhaps billions of
years, but that ice is basically unobtainable

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because there's no sunlight, so you
can't melt it, nor can you use

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electrical power to decompose it into hydrogen
and oxygen, which is what everybody is

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keen on doing. It gives you
a free supply of oxygen to breathe and

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hydrogen plus oxygen to make rocket fuel. So that's why there's so much interest

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in the ice in these creators is
a potential resource for future exploration of not

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just the Moon, but the Solar
system generally. So there's the problem.

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Power especially is a problem because these
never see the Sun. And that sort

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of thinking has led a group of
scientists somewhat sextas A and M University,

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some at NASA Langley Research Center to
think about how you deal with this,

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and they have basically done the obvious. They've said, well, why can't

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we reflect the light of the Sun
down into the crater? So you focus

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it onto the solar panels and you've
got a mirror near the near the rim

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of the crater. So that's the
plan the research, which is still apparently

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in quite an early stage. What
they've done, though, is to use

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fairly sophisticated modeling systems computer models to
show what will be the best kind of

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surface and the best sorts of materials
as well to use. And it's no

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surprise that a parabolic shape comes out
as being the optimal. That's because paraboloid

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focus is light. That's what many
telescope mirrors are made of. Paraboidal mirror

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that focuses the starlight onto it to
make an image, which you then magnify

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it with an eyepiece. So what
you do with your mirror is steer it

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so it's always basically pointing at the
sun in such a way that it reflects

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the light down to your solar panels, and have it on a mountain that

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will track the Sun as it goes
around the sky. Now, the other

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thing that I think is new about
this is well two things here. One

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of the problems is you want to
make your mirror as big as possible in

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order to collect as much sunlight as
possible. But reflectors are not very easy

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to fold up into the cargo bay
of a spacecraft, or at least you

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know its cargo pod in the nose
of the spacecraft, and so you need

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something that will fold up. Now
we've encountered this problem before Andrew In a

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well known thing called the James Web
telescope, which was indeed folded up because

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it was made of sixteen, sorry
eighteen hexagonal segments that could be folded away.

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What they think of for this,
though, because the optical sing optical

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surfacing requirements to nowhere near astringent.
What they're thinking about is using new materials,

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and in particular something which is called
a self morphing material, which has

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actually been developed texas A and M. So what you do is you have

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what they call shape memory materials and
change the shape in response to changes in

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temperature. And you'd certainly get a
change in temperature when you go at the

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south pool of the Moon, because
the temperature when the sun's not there drops

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to about minus one hundred and fifty. When the sun's there, it's about

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plus one hundred and fifty, And
so I think there's a bit of give

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and take in those levels, but
it's that sort of order. So shape

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morephing materials that will kind of basically
pop into the right shape when the sun

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gets on them are a nice idea. And maybe this is a way to

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the future for the south pole of
the Moon. Maybe are you ready for

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this one? Gat to me on
reflection, that's a good idea. You

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should be on the radio. Oh
God, no, thanks? How much?

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Lie? Are we talking about generating? Here? A mirrorsworth? I

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guess? And there is a comparison, Andrew, and I've forgotten the name

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of the place, but there is
a valley in Norway, southern Norway.

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It's not that far from it's a
valley that doesn't there's a town in the

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bottom of the valley that doesn't see
the sun for I don't know, a

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couple of months around the winter solstice, which of course means kind of November,

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December, January, that sort of
time. And so they have a

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mirror on a hilltop that does see
the sun and basically beams a pool of

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light. I think it's a flat
mirror other than a parabolic one, beams

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a pool of light down into the
town square so that people can, you

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know, people who suffer from sad
what's that season or something disorder in winter

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blues. Yeah, in winter blues, which is pretty serious in those Scandinavian

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countries. So people can get a
taste of sunlight without having to get on

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the jet to go to Mayoka or
somewhere like that. The other thing that

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comes to mind with this is,
and this is a bit off the track,

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but you can't You've got to watch
out for those focusing mirrors because it

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was a story it's probably three four
years ago now, a new building in

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London which had a glass surfaces,
a skyscraper glass surface that was curved and

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it was basically cars. Yeah,
it was melting the insides of it.

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Yeah, come back to their car
and all the plastics melted onto the floor

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of the car. Wow, this
building's focused the sunlight onto it. So

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that's not what The other problem I
heard with buildings like that is it causes

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bird problems. They don't realize it's
actually a solid object because they can see

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a direct reflection of what's around and
behind them, so they go straight into

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it. Thousands of birds get killed
every year from these situations. That's right.

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That's unlikely to be an issue for
the lunar as the Moon, yes,

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but it is certainly is on the
Earth. Yeah, you mentioned how

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cold it gets down in those craters
on the Moon. I stand to be

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corrected, but I do believe that
at the bottom of some of those craters

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it's the coldest place in the Solar
system as far as I'm aware. Yes,

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it's going to be. You're right, there are record breakers for the

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coldest place in the Solar system.
And I think I've read the same thing

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as you have. The bottom of
those creators, they never see the sun,

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and you know, thermal temperature losses, the thermal radiation that you get

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from those into the blackness of space
probably do make them very cold. Indeed,

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hm hmm, yeah, I mean
I could be wrong about that,

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and there are so many very cold
places in the Solar systems down the bottom.

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Sorry, go ahead on, I
was going to say, yes,

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we've got the delay probably here Andrew
both talk over one another. I'm going

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to just continue. I think the
coldest place in the Solar System is in

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a laboratory somewhere in the United States, where the artificially created temperatures just a

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few, you know, micro degrees
above absolute zero. So, in fact,

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I think I've read either that or
either that or it's their management style

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could be that too. Yeah,
all right, so yeah, lighting up

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the Moon a very interesting concept and
one that will probably come to fruition.

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Will shed more light on that down
the track, haha, And you can

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find out more about it at fizz
dot or this is space Nuts. Andrew

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Dunkley here with Professor Fred what's that
and space nuts? Now? Fred,

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we mentioned an anniversary at the head
of the program, ten years of Hippie.

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Yeah it isn't you know. It's
for a start, it's such a

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brilliant acronym. But you're absolutely right
Hippie has been going for ten years.

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Hippie is spelled not hi double p
y, but h I double pi,

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and it's an acronym for the high
precision polar emetric instrument, so high hip

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high precision pio polar emetric instrument.
That acronym has actually been very useful in

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the last day or so because people
are wishing it to Hippie birthday because it's

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ten years old. So Hippie bird, I'll tell you my reaction. I've

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got the shakes. Oh yeah,
tell that one Hippi Hippi shore for goodness

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sake, not strictly, some people
get that, the other will two of

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them. I got it two of
the other ones somewhere. So it's well,

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you know, to tell the story. What was celebrated yesterday, and

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just for reference, yesterday our time
was the eighth of May twenty twenty twenty

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four. On the eighth of May
twenty fourteen, Hippie was first used on

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the Angle Australian Telescope. I was
at that time this astronomery in charge of

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the Angle Australian Telescope, so I
remember it all pretty well. But what

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I didn't realize at that time was
just how powerful an instrument this was,

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and what an illustrious life it was
going to have down the track as it

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has done for ten years. So
that machine has been evolved. It's now,

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excuse me, Hippie two, which
is the you know, it's the

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improved version. It's been used on
the Anglo Australian Telescope, It's been used

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on the Germany North Telescope at Mana, KaiA, so one of the biggest

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telescopes in the world, the eight
point two meter telescope, and a number

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of other telescopes as well, both
in America and in Australia. So it's

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got a fabulous track record. It's
it's brainchild again. Sorry, no,

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it's farther figure, if I can
put it that way. It was a

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colleague and friend of mine by the
name of Jeremy Bailey. He when he

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sent out a lovely notice yesterday advertising
Hippie's tenth birthday, and it's not online,

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it's just something that we know between
astronomers. He basically included a list

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of all the publications that Hippie has
has resulted in, which come from eighty

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four hundred and eighteen Individual polarization Measurement
that's pretty impressive. It do what does

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it do? It just sits in
a corner and goes, oy man,

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this is so cool. Yeah,
I think it'd be quite good if it

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did the Sorry, you put my
train of thought in an entirely different direction.

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You're now reflecting on your youth.
Well, I'm actually reflecting on them,

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on two people who we and I
won't say where they were or how

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we met them, but two people
that we basically named Cheech and chum because

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that's what Yes, that's right,
Yes, so I remember. The clue

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is in the acronym a high precision
polar imetary instrument, and polar imetry is

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about measuring polarized lights. You can
do it in radio waves as well,

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but that's with radio telescopes. This
is an optical polarimetry instrument. And you

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know, I'm sure Jeremy would cringe
if he heard me saying this. Jeremy

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Bailey, the father figure, along
with many of his colleagues at the University

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of New South Wales. I should
mention that that's where it was developed here

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in Sydney. I'm sure they'd cringe
at this analogue. But yes, polarizing

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sunglasses, we're all familiar with polarizing
sunglasses and what they do. They take

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out the glare from a reflective surface. And that's because if light falls on

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a reflective surface, it becomes polarized. And what that means is that the

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vibrations of the Oh, here we
go. These are my golf glasses,

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mister polarizing some other supered. Yes, that's good. Now for those of

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you listening to this who can't see, Andrew looks extremely glamorous with a pair

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of polarizing sunglasses glasses off. I
wish you'd keep them on all the time,

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because yeah, it all fits with
the hippie image. You have to

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say, I'm cool. But if
you now, if you, if you

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kind of lift those off your head, Andrew keep looking through them, pull

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them forward so that you can turn
them round through a right angle, if

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you see what I mean. Pull
them forward and then twist them. No,

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not that way, the other axis. Yeah, that's it. So

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when you look through one of those, now you're actually doing the opposite in

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terms of polarized light. So what
you do the other way, and you'll

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see light that scattered off a reflective
surface. And if you then turn them

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back to the way they normally should
be. That will disappear. That's amazing.

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Again, I never wear them sideways. No, you don't know,

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that's true. You don't wear them
sideways. You look ridiculous if you did.

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Anyway, So what's happening there is
that it's the vibe. The way

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light vibrate. The vibration, the
electromagnetic vibration of a propagating light wave is

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kind of in all directions. But
to put the polarizing sunglasses on, what

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you do is you just basically stream
out most of those directions so that you've

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got these waves which are effectively representing
a flat surface. I'm not really explaining

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it very well, but you're confining
the vibrations into one plane. You can

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put it that way, and that's
what a polarizing sunglass does. Now Hippie

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does that too, but in a
much much more sophisticated way. And whereas

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you're you know, if you used
your polarizing sunglasses to measure how much polarization

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there was in a beam of light, you might get it to one part

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in ten something like that, and
accuracy of that kind. Hipnie can do

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that with an accuracy of one or
two parts per million and so it is

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incredibly high precision, hence the name
Hippie High Precision polarimetary Instrument. So it's

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got this unique ability and it hasn't
been surpassed by anything else in the world

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to make these really superbly accurate measurements
all in a box about the size of

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a loaf of bread, which means
not only was it very cheap to make,

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it's also one of the smallest frontline
instruments on the world in the world.

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In fact, Geremany Is Jeremy and
his colleagues sent around a lovely photograph

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showing Hippie on the back end of
the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii. The

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caption is a very small instrument on
a very large telescope, and Hippie weighs

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fifteen kilograms, but in order to
mount it on the back of the telescope

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they've got to add two tons of
counterweight so it doesn't just spoil the balance

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of the telescope, because most astronomical
instruments weigh several tons. So once it

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done, it's polarization is really useful
for tracking magnetic fields in distant star systems

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distant galaxies because what happens is that
magnetic fields tend to align the particles in

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clouds of dust. And we call
it dust, but to anybody else it's

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smoke in space. And those clouds
of dust actually are essentially magnetic. They

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will align along the field lines of
a magnetic field, and the dust also

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polarizes the light that passes through them. And so what you've got is an

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instrument that can measure very accurately the
magnetism a very great distances. You know,

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galaxies at the other side of the
universe can be have the magnetic fields

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measured, not because you've got a
bar magnet to hold up or anything,

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but because you've got a polarimitter.
And so that's the kind of science that

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it does. But it can also
and I love this. Jeremy once told

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me this, and I've been blown
away by ever since. You know that

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you probably don't know, but again, you should check this with your polarizing

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sunglasses. If you're on the golf
course with those sunglasses on, Andrew,

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you have a shower of rain and
you see a rainbow, check the rainbow

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out through your sunglasses and do that
same trick of bending the turning your sunglasses

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through ninety degrees and you'll see that
the light from the rainbow is very very

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highly polarized. Okay, some polarizing
angles, it disappears altogether. So rainbows

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are things that polarize light very efficiently. And Hippie is capable because of this,

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of detecting rainbows in the atmospheres of
xts of planets. Work that one

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out. You can find rainbows on
other worlds in orbit around other stars.

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What a brilliant thing to look for. I don't whether Jeremy's ever detected that.

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I think the last time I spoke
to him we hadn't, But it's

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certainly one of the one of the
possibilities for this kind of astronomy that you

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00:25:07.799 --> 00:25:11.839
might be able to detect rainbows on
other world wonderful, incredible, what a

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great instrument. Happy birthday to Hippie
as ten years ten years old. In

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fact, we'll go Hippy Hippie hooray. Yes, I'm glad you said that,

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because yeah, I wish I hadn't. Did There were several emails back

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to Jeremy yesterday that said exactly that, Hippie. Certain my ideas, Yes

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they are still in you. All
right to our final story today, Fred,

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and this one is the use of
satellites to predict crop yields. Now,

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this sounds like it doesn't sound beyond
the realms of possibility. I'm sure

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fifty years ago they would have said
hogwash can't be done. Never happened,

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But it is. It is.
It's basically a framework that has been put

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00:26:06.839 --> 00:26:15.079
in place two essentially, and this
is actually coming from the one of one

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00:26:15.079 --> 00:26:21.680
of the press releases about this,
this idea and arises in Cornell University in

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the United States. The idea is
to produce this framework, and by that

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00:26:27.000 --> 00:26:32.799
I mean a kind of you know, a system framework that would let you

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predict agricultural yields using minimal data.
That's the trick here. You're using as

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00:26:40.440 --> 00:26:45.960
little information as you can from a
spacecraft to be able to predict the agricultural

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yield of what's on the ground.
And the reason why that's important is that

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if you've got you know, if
if you're a farmer in Australia, you're

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farmer in the United States, farmer
in Europe, you would have resources that

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would let you do that. On
the ground, you be able to go

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and check your crops and say,
well, this is going to be a

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00:27:11.400 --> 00:27:15.720
bumper harvest, or this is going
to be not a croppy harvest. If

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I can quote you from the beginning, it's going to be rubbish. So,

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00:27:21.200 --> 00:27:26.119
but if you imagine yourself in a
developing nation with yields that might be

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00:27:26.400 --> 00:27:36.160
highly dependent on weather conditions and virtually
no technology to be able to use to

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00:27:36.240 --> 00:27:40.880
work out whether your crop's going to
fail or not, that is the whole

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00:27:40.960 --> 00:27:48.200
idea of that. And so the
basic premise of this whole work is that

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from space you can measure essentially the
color of the crop. And by that

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00:27:56.359 --> 00:28:00.839
I mean not just whether it's green
or you know, green or yellow,

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but the subtleties of its spectrum.
So you can look at the spectrum of

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00:28:07.359 --> 00:28:14.079
a paddock or a field of crops
from space and analyze that, analyze the

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colors in it. And what you
can look for is something called chlorophyll fluorescence.

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00:28:19.559 --> 00:28:25.079
Now we're all kind of familiar with
chlorophylla. It's what gives grass and

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trees the green color, and basically
it's the photo photosynthesis mechanism in crops.

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00:28:33.680 --> 00:28:38.680
It's what actually allows you know,
like to turn the chemicals in those crops

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into useful things that nourish it and
also provide oxygen. So chlorophyll fluorescence means

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00:28:47.640 --> 00:28:52.279
that if the sun is shining on
it, then you get you get chlorophyll

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00:28:52.559 --> 00:29:00.759
fluorescence being formed and it's a reddish
color that's emitted by photosynthetic tissue, and

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00:29:00.799 --> 00:29:06.079
you can measure that from space and
you can do it pretty accurately. So

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00:29:06.880 --> 00:29:12.200
it means that you're you know,
you're not really getting an instant measurement of

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00:29:12.200 --> 00:29:17.000
what the yield will be, but
it does tell you about the health of

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00:29:17.000 --> 00:29:21.599
that crop on the ground, how
well it's doing, and what sort of

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00:29:21.960 --> 00:29:23.720
you know, what sort of yield
you're likely to get at the end of

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00:29:23.799 --> 00:29:29.880
the day. And so yes,
it's very much aimed at, first of

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00:29:29.920 --> 00:29:33.880
all, as I said, developing
nations, but also the fact that a

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lot of traditional cropping methods are starting
to break down because of climate change,

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and so climate change again is very
much an important part of this story.

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Yes, one of the crops that's
under major thread is coffee because they need

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to grow coffee beans at high altitude
and it's getting too warm, so it's

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only a certain height they can go
and it could jeopardize future coffee crops.

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Satellite technologies anonymous with agriculture these days, and in my part of the world

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00:30:03.480 --> 00:30:10.039
where we have big, big,
huge farms that grow wheat and canola and

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00:30:10.240 --> 00:30:15.279
sorghum and you name it. The
harvesters are actually satellite controls. They're all

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00:30:15.680 --> 00:30:19.920
geo controlled from space. You can
you sit in the cabin and watch movies

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00:30:19.960 --> 00:30:26.000
while it just does it all by
itself. It's quite incredible, all satellite

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00:30:26.000 --> 00:30:30.880
control. It is remarkable and that
comes from it's probably now six years ago.

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00:30:30.920 --> 00:30:36.079
I seem to remember. This was
part of the twenty eighteen kind of

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00:30:36.160 --> 00:30:42.319
kickoff when the Space Agency was formed. Geosciences Australia got grunts to do exactly

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00:30:42.359 --> 00:30:48.599
what you've said, to use satellites
to control planters, harvesters, all the

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00:30:48.640 --> 00:30:53.359
other agricultural machines. But it's more
than just giving the driver arrest. It's

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00:30:53.400 --> 00:30:57.839
about high precision farming, so that
you can go within a millimeter of the

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00:30:57.920 --> 00:31:03.759
edge of your paddock where you know
the ground falls away. You know,

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00:31:03.839 --> 00:31:07.240
you can get so close to that
you can have very very high efficiency in

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00:31:07.279 --> 00:31:11.559
the yields of the land. And
that was what they were talking about at

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00:31:11.559 --> 00:31:15.240
that time, how it can improve
the yield by high precision farming. I

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00:31:15.240 --> 00:31:21.599
imagine it would also be that they'd
be able to calculate the best combination of

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00:31:21.920 --> 00:31:26.079
maneuvers to get the crop off with
the lowest amount of fuel use things like

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00:31:26.119 --> 00:31:32.400
that. It's quite amazing. But
yeah, crop, I can see this

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00:31:32.599 --> 00:31:37.960
being an incredible tool going forward for
farming, being able to just take a

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00:31:37.000 --> 00:31:41.839
peek at your crop and going Okay, I'm selling the farm or I'm going

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00:31:41.920 --> 00:31:45.079
to buy another one. Yes,
that's right, that's it, depending on

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00:31:45.119 --> 00:31:49.160
the yields. Yeah, fantastic.
That story, if you're interested, is

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00:31:49.440 --> 00:31:53.920
on seed daily dot com and now
we do have a lot of people in

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00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:57.920
agricultural areas that do listen to us, as seed daily dot com is where

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00:31:57.920 --> 00:32:01.559
you'll find that story. Fred.
That brings us to the end. A

357
00:32:01.720 --> 00:32:07.599
reminder, if you'd like to listen, like to visit our website. You

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00:32:07.640 --> 00:32:10.680
can do that at space nuts podcast
dot com orspacenuts dot io. If you've

359
00:32:10.720 --> 00:32:16.720
been following us on YouTube, don't
forget to subscribe below and please leave reviews.

360
00:32:17.079 --> 00:32:21.599
Reviews are very handy to spread the
word and get more people on board

361
00:32:21.599 --> 00:32:25.519
with Space Nuts, so yes,
please leave reviews on whatever platform you use.

362
00:32:27.000 --> 00:32:30.839
We'd really appreciate that. Fred.
As always, it's been a great

363
00:32:30.880 --> 00:32:35.799
pleasure, and we will catch up
with you again real soon. Probably could

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00:32:35.839 --> 00:32:39.519
be minutes, never know, well
it could be. That's a bit unlikely,

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00:32:39.559 --> 00:32:45.519
but it could be all right,
Thanks Fred, will see you soon.

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00:32:45.359 --> 00:32:50.359
Sounds great. Thanks Andrew Fred wat's
an astronomer at large part of the

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00:32:50.400 --> 00:32:53.960
team here at Space Nuts. And
Hugh in the studio who's been watching all

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00:32:54.000 --> 00:33:00.319
sorts of crop on his television lately
and I'm not really going to get into

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00:33:00.359 --> 00:33:04.839
that too deeply scary stuff. And
from me Andrew Ductley, thanks for your

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00:33:04.839 --> 00:33:07.960
company. I will join you again
as Wilfred on the next episode of Space

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00:33:08.039 --> 00:33:13.440
Nuts. See you then, Bye
bye, Spacenuts. You'll be listening to

372
00:33:13.519 --> 00:33:21.279
the Space Nuts podcast available at Apple
Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your

373
00:33:21.319 --> 00:33:24.960
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00:33:25.200 --> 00:33:30.880
This has been another quality podcast production
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