Exclusivo: Habla el expresidente Juan Manuel Santos sobre su carta a Naciones Unidas

0:00 In the WU the report of Colonel with a very special guest, which will clarify the issue of the scope of the peace agreement signed at the Teatro Colón in Bogotá, Daniel and former President Juan Manuel Santos. Both welcome good morning July. This is today' s Colonel report. Former President Juan Manuel Santos revealed in the last hours the contents of a letter he sent to the Secretary - General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterrez, on the peace agreement that he signed with the FARK and whose copy is deposited in the Laon Security Council In order to understand the letter of former President Santos, it is necessary to remember that the scandalistÁlvaro Leiva returned to the elusive reflectors a few days ago, when he used the thesis that the peace agreement with the FAR allows and further forces the former President, President Forgiveness, Gustavo Petro, to summon a constituent Assembly. The sudden former Minister Iba assures him that the binding authorization is in a paragraph of the introduction that says I open Comillas, the Government of Colombia and the FARC EP in order to further consolidate the bases on which it will build peace and national reconciliation. Once the approval procedure has been completed, all political and social movements and all the other active forces in the country will

1:32 be called upon to agree on a great national political opening aimed at defining the institutional reforms and adjustments necessary to meet the challenges that peace demands, putting a new framework of political and social coexistence closes quotation marks. The paragraph nowhere states that the President of Colombia is empowered, much less obliged to convene a Constituent Assembly. However, I was going to assure him that it does say so by interpretation, by analogy, by extension and that, since the Peace Agreement was elevated to a unilateral declaration of State before the UN Security Council, President Petro is obliged to quote a constituent. All of this would be an interpretive enticing of Leiva one more as when he said that he did not have to comply with the hiring statute and the conciliation law because he could stick to the primary line, which was the Constitution, in whose elaboration he participated to cancel the tender of passports, which, by the way, it was his own Chancellery that opened and qualified. In short, everything would remain that size if it weren' t for President Gustavo Petro to buy him the theory and he has already said that the agreement with the FARC forces him to cite the constituent.

2:53 The letter from former President Juan Manuel Santos to the Secretary General of the ONO that you can already see on the page of the W say that I open quotations from some Colombian officials and former executives have attributed to some paragraphs of the agreement a meaning that is contrary to its object, scope and purpose, which is possibly incompatible with the principle of good faith. So far, the quote also says that it is a lie that the agreement signed with the FARFA cultivates extra- institutional paths that allow to circumvent what the Constitution establishes to be reformed. In short, in terms of saints, the convocation of a constituent must go on to obtain a qualified majority in Congress, be reviewed by the Constitutional Court, obtain the vote of more than thirteen million Colombians and, according to him, no part of the agreement that it signed with RASFAR proposes or insinuates that the Government of Colombia is licensed to assault the Constitution. Rodrigo Londoño, who was known as Timochenco, who, as commander of the FAR, signed the agreement, also told me that the little Parish does not say that.

4:01 He doesn' t talk about constitutive convocations, which is the rest. It is an interesting interpretation, although under the concept of Timo Chenco the interest is not always bad. At this time, we salute former President Juan Manuel Santos, with whom we will speak exclusively of the scope of his letter to the Secretary- General of the United Nations. Good morning, Mr Presidents Santos, good morning, Daniel, and good morning to your entire audience. Well, we' ve seen the little paragraph that speaks of a great national political agreement. What was the purpose of that statement in introducing the peace agreement with fans. For look, Daniel, I think the important thing here is to clarify that the agreement filmed by the parties does not mention much less, it demands a constituent assembly and that this which is a exhausting discussion we carry.

5:02 I don' t know how many months on whether to convene one' s constituent and now that the peace agreement can be used while other problems in the country are growing. So the intention of this Charter is precisely to put an end to this discussion, because, after the little welcome this thesis has received, they want to go to the highest international distance there is, which is the Security Council, and there they will not find echo of the demonstrations, including the former Chancellor when he was Chancellor in the Security Council. And what is happening at this time of announcing that you are going to go to the Council to make a demonstration and a denunciation of the Colombian state. The Colombian Head of State himself is going to denounce the Colombian State, because that has not gone very well. And what I intend with the Charter is that hopefully they will realize that, if they continue on this path, they will remain very moral, but they also leave the country very bad that I hope, reflect that they put an end to this discussion, that it makes no sense and that they dedicate themselves to governing and fixing the growing problems that the Colombian population is suffering. That is the meaning of the Charter. The Charter is

6:34 very clear. There is no mention of a constituent assembly. Nor do Security Council resolutions modify or modify the constitution of a country, nor do they have a higher rank than the constitution of any country. I mean, they' re not supranational rules. The agreement of passage with the FACs has no legal force in itself, but Congress, by means of laws or leadership acts, can adopt rules to develop or implement the agreement, and that is precisely what has been done. Besides, Daniel, there' s one thing I' d like to clarify as well. Unilateral statements by a Head of State do not have, do not have, the legal effect of amending the Constitution of a country. No one can believe that, for example, the President of the United States or the President of France can make a unilateral state statement that he will extend the presidential term from four or six years and, by magic, the United States Constitution is amended by that declaration. Oh, my God.

7:58 So this is an argument that wears us out, that won' t get anywhere, that doesn' t hold the deal, or what you have to do is implement it. That is something that should unite the country. President Pedro himself promised in the campaign to implement the agreement, because President Duque implemented it very little. He didn' t like the peace agreement and did very little to implement it and that' s why President Petro said he was going to implement it. But it has been two years and, as Rodrigo Londoño himself said, it would seem that this government is less interested in implementing what the past has done, because it has done less in two years than the past government did. That is why I call for the implementation of the peace process. And to implement it does not require constituent, it does not require even many laws. Political will is required and management capacity is required to implement all aspects of implementation. Ladies and gentlemen, ever since you left Nariño ' s house, you have said in public also in private that you do not want to get involved in politics. And so I have to say that you have made an effort not to polemize with your successors. But I have to ask you and you will understand me because not every day a boss was

9:28 in office, as President Gustavo Petro accuses a former president, how you are promoting a coup d'état. What do you say to President Petro? See if I don' t want to go into politics with President Petuo, let alone withÁlvaro Iba. My role as ex- president is another. I am dedicated to international aspects, and I have to deal with internal policy aspects. Better. I think that is the most convenient role of the former presidents, because it gives me some laughter, because how to say that the Colombian armed forces have to comply with their obligation to respect and defend the Constitution can be considered as an attempted coup d'état. That doesn' t fit in my head. I don' t know why President Petro says those things. Yesterday I read an interview of one of the delegates of the Nineteenth EM in the constituent, in which it is thus constituent in the discussion for the Constitution of the ninety- one, where it said that President Petro should think before saying things, because generally the things I did suddenly go wrong.

10:50 And in this case, then, to say that respecting the Constitution is a coup d'état, because I believe that no one can understand why he said it. But, what happens is that you also had some sailings a while ago and the Chancellor was accusing you of beating him in the past and taking out a document in which, according to him, you proposed a constituent in the nineties to replace then President Ernesto San Pedro. Immersed, then, in the scandal of the process of financing his campaign. Well, look, Daniel, I' m going to confess to the interview I was going to in the magazine week produced me. I had a feeling like someone else' s shame and a certain sadness of seeing you read with those theses and bringing to the fore aspects and things that have nothing to do with it. He was referring to a proposal he had made in the last century. That was in nineteen hundred and ninety- seven parks in a process that began to seek the possibility of a peace process and in that proposal the fals said that, as a culmination of the process, if the process succeeds, a constituent national assembly could be convened. That is the meaning of the letter that I left

12:20 inscribed in a commission of the Church in the year nineteen hundred and ninety- seven. If memory is not failure, nothing has to do with today' s discussion. The fags have ceased to exist, they have embraced a peace process and I really don' t know why that will bring me up if it doesn' t make any sense. Moreover, if they want to convene a constituent, they can do so. No one is telling the President that he cannot summon him, but it must be through the mechanisms established by the Constitution. There he cannot use the peace agreement, or he cannot use a decree to convene a constituent, because he would be in violation of the Constitution.

13:05 If he wants a constituent, he can summon it, but using the mechanisms established by the Constitution of nine hundred and ninety- one, which he himself, as part of the assembly, helped to draft. Hey. I have a maledicted friend who says that the only thing more dangerous thanÁlvaro was employed isÁlvaro was unemployed and that all this is a plan to give him peace and total forgiveness and forgetfulness again. And an end- point law. You what do you think of that, because look I don' t want to go in to controvert with something. I tell you, I know him a lot It makes me sad. That' s why I' m telling you to see him in these already, at this point in the gripping life, he can know if he can appear. I wouldn' t care much about it. What you' re saying really doesn' t have any hold on it and you' re not going to give it the importance that some people are giving it, because they don' t. And there is another thesis that says that all this is going to finish the GEP that leiva, because it has been wanting to take them. The initiative that the HEB fulfills even offers people. You don' t go into the jef if I want that to happen and there are people who say so. You think that behind this there is a purpose to end the GEB or to diminish its powers,

14:39 because the truth, Daniel, I don' t know if there is an additional purpose behind all this, which you do know thatÁlvaro has wanted to criticize the GE. The Uniños were born and there he denounced that people are not fulfilling the GE. It may have many flaws, It has been long delayed, It took a long time and it is trying to correct, for example, amnesties for FAR members who are not most responsible. It may have many flaws, but trying to accuse the GED of not complying with the agreements or with its purpose, as it makes no sense, has no reception whatsoever.

15:26 The Chief is a highly respected jurisdiction internationally. The whole world is following very carefully everything that is happening in Colombia, because it is the first signed agreement to be signed through or under the umbrella of the Rome Statute, where the victims are the heart of the agreement. Their rights to justice, their rights to the truth, to non- repetition are fundamentals in all negotiation and implementation, and that is why the whole world is following very carefully what is happening here and that is why it is so important to implement the peace agreement, to stop looking for extra- constitutional mechanisms that do not exist and cannot exist, and to dedicate itself to implementing the peace process. That is my request to President Petro and to the Government, please implement the peace agreement which, moreover, by implementing the peace agreement, will solve many problems mentioned by President Petro himself. For example, President Petro says that the transformation of the territory yes, the transformation of the territory was contemplated in the agreement through territorially focused development plans were negotiated about seventeen. If they implement those agreements, if

16:56 they implement them, if they implement them, if they budget, then there the regions that suffered so much with the war, because they will be transformed so that there is everything and what is needed is political will. There is management capacity. Well, he' s Chancellor. Leiba also said that you did not read what he signed and that there in the parish it is very clear that the President of the Republic is not only empowered, but obliged to quote one thing. You customer if you read the agreements. It' s President Daniel, please, that little paragraph that says I was going, because Dr Humberto has already said he has no head or feet. What you' re saying is leiva. Rodrigo Londoño himself says that is not true. And, in addition, if you read that paragraph, what it says is that you have to make a great national agreement, summon the political forces, the social organizations to agree on the implementation of the peace agreement. What any government does with its policies, makes national agreements. We did it when we wanted to do all the reforms we put before Congress that were approved. We called on the political parties, the living forces of the country, the interested parties.

18:26 We argued, we presented that to Congress, and Congress approved it. That is what any Government has to do with any policy, and that is what was enshrined in the peace agreement. But in no way can that be interpreted as the obligation to convene a constituent. Moreover, the negotiation was established as a red line, I established her forgiveness me cable in first person, myself, as President of Republic. For no reason will the proposal of a Constituent Assembly be accepted and the FARKS discussed among themselves because there were different views.

19:10 He won the thesis that they did submit as a proposal the call for a constituent and that request of the FARKS was denied by the national government. That is to say, a procedure arose and he refused. Then. I don' t know why at this point it comes up that there implicitly, because it' s not explicit. There is the call for a constitution that really doesn' t make any sense. I find it absurd to attach such importance to that which is obvious. It is obvious to anyone that he reads the peace agreement. President Petro has said in what is a clear allusion to you is. The following, I open Comillas, the national agreement is not to go to a club Patton mno Marubisky, it is among the entire Colombian society, including those former presidents. How to receive that statement from the Chief It is, then, that he invite me to take a whisky wherever he wants that I am willing to any agreement that is for the good of the country, but that, please, is coherent and consistent. A national agreement is to put on the table people who think differently and it is necessary to set that national agreement, and he is doing exactly the opposite. Every time someone thinks differently, he insults him, he tells him that he is propitiating

20:40 a coup d'état and that is not the way to create the environment necessary for the necessary agreements in a government to pass the reforms. The Council is therefore very humble to President Petro that he should adopt a conciliatory attitude, which will make it easier for him to call a national agreement. In that, for example, it seems to me that what Senator Ivan ze Peda has said is correct. What the country needs is a national agreement to be able to resolve. Look at the problems that people of insecurity are having, the cauca, we' re losing it. The theme of health for God' s sake. If what happened with the teachers is the preamble of what will happen with health. In Colombia we have a very serious problem. I saw what' s going on with the economy, look what' s going on with the energy sources, or something else that worries me a lot. Daniel that I was discussing it now in Brazil, that I spent ten days last week. I was with organizations and people who are very interested in protecting the environment and succeeding in Cop sixteen and Cop thirty NAFO sixteen will be held in Colombia of the Cup thirty in Brazil at the end of the year. Incomings were already in Brazil studying very carefully how they are going to be for that

22:15 cop to be successful, but they were very concerned that the sixteen cop that is going to be done here, in Colombia, in Cali at five months, does not even have a concrete agenda. The people who wanted to come said no. We can' t go because we don' t know exactly what we' re going to do, what the objectives are, how it ' s going to be, how it' s going to be organized. Please organize that as quickly as possible, because it is the country that will look very bad if that fails. They are those kinds of aspects that Petos should dedicate himself to and will not fight, he will not fight with Raimundo and everyone and have there say permanent turmoil and discussion, because that is not in the interests of anyone, either him or the country. Mr Presidents, Santos, you say that you are willing to sit with President Petro even says to have a whisky. When it was the last time you spoke to Petro, when the relationship between you began to deteriorate, then look, for my part, do not be deteriorated, because I what Petro says does not take, because very much to heart has left me twice. He himself invited me to talk about it. I' m more interested in the peace process being implemented, but on two occasions, because it didn' t appear and other

23:47 people were offended, they took a thousand. That' s a slap on you, because I don' t have that attitude and I say well, I can' t come leave it. I' m not going to use it and that as a little battle head, I' ll always be willing. I think it' s the obligation of every former President, that if they need us, we' re there. For example, there is an instance to discuss precisely these kinds of issues, such as that of the United Nations Security Council, which is the Committee on Foreign Affairs, have not convened it. So what I hope you think about, that there are ways to generate agreements and that governing is precisely making agreements is in democracies. That' s fundamental. That is why, in Colombia and everywhere, the art of governing is being so difficult, because polarization makes transactions more difficult in a democracy, and a democracy without the ability to make transactions between different sectors and interests of society, because it does not work and cannot solve problems for people.

25:00 Therefore, it would be good if President Petro concentrated in the last two years of government on trying to find a solution to some of these growing problems that are affecting us. You say the last two years you have left in government. You believe that President Petro is going to leave on the 7th of August of two thousand and twenty- six, or, as some people think, that he is going to try to stay in some way. It' s just that I don' t find in any way that he can stay there He doesn' t exist. He would have to break the Constitution, he would have to become a dictator and I think that in Colombia he is not willing to accept that. Mr Es Presidentes Santos, you feel comfortable being part of a group against Petro' s initiative with former Presidents Alvaro Uribe Iván Duque ernesto san but you spoke to them and specifically spoke to former President Urin again.

26:06 No. I hadn' t talked to him, I haven' t talked to any of the former presidents. But it' s logical. It is obvious that we all agree that the Constitution must be respected. That should not surprise anyone now some who are saying the Club of former Presidents is opposing the regions of Pepro. No. What I think is that we agree if we talk to each other that one of the duties of any President, because that is what we swear when we take office as President is to comply with the Constitution. Well, it doesn' t seem so logical for the Group to be here either, because obviously it changed the Constitution to get re- elected and, moreover, the mechanisms are extremely questionable. Several of his ministers went to jail for this reason in a process that was called the political gypsies, as well as that respect for the constitutional order was not so characteristic of that Government. But in Uribe' s case he made at least one path or tired, a path that was endorsed by the Constitution, that is, by Congress. Yes, he approved of religion. That' s obvious.

27:27 He went through the congressional leak. What we' re here for. I think everyone agrees that by a decree, by extra- constitutional means, a constituent cannot be called. And again I' m going to start with the fundamentals. Let' s stop arguing about this, because that' s not going to happen. It cannot happen and this attempt to seek an international rod, a band of the Security Council. Petro has Tania to live in July have United Nations to seek that endorsement, because he will not find it. They will tell you, Mr Petro, thank you very much for coming, but do not put us to solve a problem of internal politics of your country and they will return it without any result and the bad country will remain, and for that I hope they will reflect and do not go to United States to try to involve the Security Council in something where they do not want to get involved and are not willing to get involved. And that can almost assure Daniel that that' s what' s going to happen. A curiosity, Mr President, why the name of former President Andrés Pastrana has not sounded as part of this group of former Presidents. I have no idea that yes, ask the journalists or Andrés Pashada. I have no idea. You mention in

29:02 your letter to former Presidents Felipe González of Spain and Pepe Mújica of Uruguay, who are verifiers of the peace agreement, and say they agree with your communication. What did they say, for look, I sent the letters to both of them and they authorized me to say that, indeed, they agreed with the thesis of the Charter, with the spirit of the Charter, with the content and of the Charter and with the continuity of the Charter. It simply says that one cannot seek to break the Colombian Constitution through the peace agreement or through the Security Council. That' s simple. What consequences you expect from your letter to the UN Secretary, Antonio Gutérrez. The consequences are simply that when President Petro Vaya will tell you what I have just said, look, Mr Pep, but we do not accept your thesis in that it is not up to us. They' re going to tell you in a very diplomatic, very kind way, and what I do hope is that they ratify what they' ve been telling you every three or four months that they' re going to Colombia to make some kind of report on how implementation is going and that they tell you, please, but rather, I' m going to be focused on implementing the peace agreement. I hope that happens. Mr President,

30:33 Juan Manuel Santos, thank you very much for this conversation. To Ostedes Daniel, thank you very much for this opportunity in the interview given to us a few days ago by former President Gustavo Petro Federico Gómez de Cambio and to me he said that he will travel to the United Nations headquarters to discuss these issues with the Secretary General and with members of the Security Council. So this thing just starts. This was today' s Colonel report. Thank you very much. No daniel a second, because, in addition to the Colonel report, you had an immersion job in the elections in Mexico. I am very clear about the conclusion of this conversation. That trip to New York by President Petro confirms that former President Santos himself is not going to have an atmosphere, because he, precisely with that letter, has made him a very bad atmosphere.

31:38 For the purpose of that journey