Sept. 15, 2025
15th Century Castilian Monarchs
Juan II (1406-1454). Portrait by Francisco Prats y Velesco, 1848
Enrique IV (1454-1474). Miniature from the journal of Georg von Ehingen, 1481
Isabella (1474-1504), anonymous portrait, circa 1490
Alba's March to the Netherlands, 1567
Map courtesy of William Maltby, Alba: A Biography of Fernando Álvarez de Toledo
Map of the Iconoclastic Fury in the Low Countries, 1566
Map courtesy of Geoffrey Parker, The Dutch Revolt (revised edition), Penguin Books, 1985
