Revenue Anxiety: The Invisible Voice Shaping Clinical Decisions
Every clinician knows the feeling.
You're evaluating a patient... but another conversation is happening inside your head.
Will insurance approve this?
Do I have enough units?
Should I document this differently?
Larry Benz argues that this "second voice" may be doing more damage than we realize.
In Part 2 of Called to Care in the Age of AI, Larry introduces the concept of Revenue Anxiety and explores how clinicians have slowly been trained to let reimbursement concerns compete with clinical judgment.
Rather than asking whether AI can replace clinicians, this episode asks a far more important question:
Can AI remove the administrative noise so clinicians can focus on what only humans can do?
Topics include:
- Revenue Anxiety
- Clinical judgment
- Insurance-driven decision making
- AI in healthcare
- Verification vs generation
- Presence vs productivity
- Burnout
- The future of clinical practice
Subscribe to The Operator on Substack to follow the entire series.
00:00:01.066 --> 00:00:01.427
All right, well,
00:00:01.447 --> 00:00:02.447
welcome back to The Operator.
00:00:02.548 --> 00:00:03.289
Last week,
00:00:03.809 --> 00:00:05.931
we talked about AI giving clinicians back
00:00:06.530 --> 00:00:07.251
their presence.
00:00:07.432 --> 00:00:11.294
This week asks an even more uncomfortable
00:00:11.335 --> 00:00:11.814
question.
00:00:12.236 --> 00:00:14.256
Who's actually making the clinical
00:00:14.297 --> 00:00:15.438
decisions in the room?
00:00:15.698 --> 00:00:17.399
Because if you've practiced long enough,
00:00:17.940 --> 00:00:19.460
you know there's another voice in the
00:00:19.501 --> 00:00:20.661
room, not the patients,
00:00:21.321 --> 00:00:22.283
but maybe the payers.
00:00:22.303 --> 00:00:23.184
It's somewhere in there.
00:00:23.204 --> 00:00:23.984
You don't want it to be.
00:00:24.605 --> 00:00:26.687
And if that's influencing what you
00:00:26.746 --> 00:00:28.807
recommend before you've even finished your
00:00:28.827 --> 00:00:29.588
evaluation,
00:00:30.463 --> 00:00:33.026
Larry argues we've got a much bigger
00:00:33.085 --> 00:00:34.968
problem than AI.
00:00:35.008 --> 00:00:35.987
So let's start there.
00:00:36.529 --> 00:00:38.850
You really begin this article in a series
00:00:38.890 --> 00:00:41.773
by saying there's another voice in the
00:00:41.813 --> 00:00:43.173
treatment room, not the patients,
00:00:43.213 --> 00:00:44.755
but the payers.
00:00:44.975 --> 00:00:47.296
When did you first realize that that was
00:00:47.357 --> 00:00:47.658
true?
00:00:48.472 --> 00:00:50.456
Yeah, I would say actually, you know,
00:00:50.555 --> 00:00:53.399
years before I even sort of had words
00:00:53.439 --> 00:00:54.502
or could articulate it.
00:00:54.661 --> 00:00:55.584
You know,
00:00:55.723 --> 00:00:57.566
you feel something oftentimes before you
00:00:57.585 --> 00:00:58.527
can explain it, right?
00:00:58.588 --> 00:00:59.048
Yeah.
00:00:59.088 --> 00:00:59.990
So you're the patient.
00:01:01.356 --> 00:01:03.137
they're telling you where it hurts,
00:01:03.298 --> 00:01:04.858
what they can't do anymore,
00:01:05.338 --> 00:01:06.099
what they're scared of.
00:01:06.140 --> 00:01:07.540
And somewhere in the back of your head,
00:01:07.561 --> 00:01:09.742
there's a second kind of conversation or
00:01:09.802 --> 00:01:10.843
noise going on.
00:01:11.164 --> 00:01:12.025
Is that covered?
00:01:12.965 --> 00:01:14.387
Will I have the time to do that?
00:01:14.427 --> 00:01:15.828
Will that take up too many of my
00:01:15.867 --> 00:01:17.468
minutes and interfere with the next
00:01:17.509 --> 00:01:18.870
patient who's already probably in the
00:01:18.909 --> 00:01:19.391
waiting room?
00:01:19.411 --> 00:01:21.451
Do I need a pre-auth on it?
00:01:21.471 --> 00:01:22.412
Did I document it?
00:01:22.513 --> 00:01:24.034
Do I have functional goals?
00:01:24.073 --> 00:01:25.454
Do I have all these kind of things
00:01:25.474 --> 00:01:26.816
that are going in your head that we've
00:01:26.855 --> 00:01:27.137
kind of
00:01:27.757 --> 00:01:30.581
placed onto medical providers.
00:01:31.941 --> 00:01:33.784
That's the payer uninvited.
00:01:33.944 --> 00:01:36.628
That's the unintended consequences of us
00:01:37.028 --> 00:01:39.290
having payers rule the room.
00:01:39.350 --> 00:01:40.813
They're sitting there with us.
00:01:41.134 --> 00:01:43.417
And here's the part that should bother all
00:01:43.456 --> 00:01:43.716
of us.
00:01:43.816 --> 00:01:45.659
Nobody put that chair in there on purpose.
00:01:46.319 --> 00:01:48.242
you know it got there added one
00:01:48.281 --> 00:01:50.704
requirement at a time just incremental
00:01:50.765 --> 00:01:52.387
over a third year period until it felt
00:01:52.406 --> 00:01:54.929
like furniture in your office right and
00:01:54.948 --> 00:01:56.430
the day that i knew was real was
00:01:56.450 --> 00:01:59.054
the day i watched great clinicians you
00:01:59.073 --> 00:02:01.275
know either shorten a conversation or be
00:02:01.376 --> 00:02:03.177
hurried or do something they wouldn't have
00:02:03.317 --> 00:02:04.299
normally done
00:02:05.099 --> 00:02:06.740
interrupting the patient, for example,
00:02:08.181 --> 00:02:09.901
because they were too busy thinking of
00:02:09.961 --> 00:02:12.081
minutes and coverage and productivity and
00:02:12.282 --> 00:02:13.663
units and all those things.
00:02:13.923 --> 00:02:14.103
You know,
00:02:14.163 --> 00:02:15.543
no one decided to put the insurance
00:02:15.562 --> 00:02:17.683
company in the treatment room, Jimmy.
00:02:17.783 --> 00:02:20.905
It got there the way most things happen,
00:02:21.405 --> 00:02:22.626
one at a time over a long period
00:02:22.645 --> 00:02:24.105
of time until it starts now to look
00:02:24.165 --> 00:02:24.526
normal.
00:02:25.086 --> 00:02:27.306
And those little things contribute
00:02:28.168 --> 00:02:29.207
incrementally to burnout.
00:02:31.296 --> 00:02:32.979
You introduced a phrase that I actually
00:02:33.019 --> 00:02:34.219
hadn't heard before,
00:02:34.259 --> 00:02:35.480
but like you said a second ago,
00:02:35.540 --> 00:02:37.342
sometimes we feel it before we can put
00:02:37.402 --> 00:02:40.425
words to it, which is revenue anxiety.
00:02:40.825 --> 00:02:43.268
It sounded like you were describing
00:02:43.328 --> 00:02:45.991
something that happens almost beneath the
00:02:46.371 --> 00:02:47.792
clinician's awareness until you can
00:02:47.853 --> 00:02:48.652
actually verbalize it.
00:02:49.354 --> 00:02:50.775
How would you describe what revenue
00:02:50.854 --> 00:02:52.417
anxiety feels like?
00:02:53.103 --> 00:02:54.063
Yeah, it's a hum.
00:02:54.123 --> 00:02:54.724
It's a very,
00:02:54.764 --> 00:02:57.247
very low grade noise or a hum,
00:02:57.429 --> 00:02:59.050
and it never shuts off.
00:02:59.110 --> 00:03:02.474
And it's that underlying issue.
00:03:02.495 --> 00:03:04.176
That's why I call it anxiety.
00:03:05.366 --> 00:03:07.888
that is going on while you're trying to
00:03:07.927 --> 00:03:09.788
be present for a patient right it's not
00:03:09.828 --> 00:03:12.088
the panic of the day it's the background
00:03:12.149 --> 00:03:13.628
dread that you do the right thing
00:03:13.649 --> 00:03:17.509
clinically um but it won't get paid right
00:03:17.530 --> 00:03:18.871
that's that fear if i do it right
00:03:18.911 --> 00:03:20.330
it won't get paid that you'll finish a
00:03:20.390 --> 00:03:22.231
note at seven p.m and it's gonna get
00:03:22.252 --> 00:03:24.913
denied anyhow or that you have to have
00:03:24.932 --> 00:03:27.193
your note reviewed by a peer reviewer or
00:03:27.233 --> 00:03:29.153
that something's gonna come back and as an
00:03:29.334 --> 00:03:29.593
edit
00:03:31.348 --> 00:03:32.829
And the crude part about all of this
00:03:32.889 --> 00:03:34.751
is the therapist can't tell you that it's
00:03:34.790 --> 00:03:35.151
there.
00:03:35.450 --> 00:03:37.272
Ask them and they'll say, I'm fine.
00:03:38.174 --> 00:03:39.474
I love my patients.
00:03:39.574 --> 00:03:40.574
I do patient care.
00:03:40.975 --> 00:03:42.437
But that anxiety is there.
00:03:42.877 --> 00:03:45.079
It's not about the patients and their
00:03:45.118 --> 00:03:45.680
problems.
00:03:46.280 --> 00:03:48.162
It's about the machinery wrapped around
00:03:48.181 --> 00:03:48.822
the patients.
00:03:48.861 --> 00:03:50.502
It's all this,
00:03:51.084 --> 00:03:53.104
the mental tax that goes with
00:03:53.866 --> 00:03:55.707
all that you have about your boss,
00:03:55.768 --> 00:03:56.829
about your company,
00:03:56.908 --> 00:03:58.629
about the insurance company,
00:03:58.949 --> 00:04:00.091
about your peers,
00:04:00.191 --> 00:04:02.112
all those kind of things.
00:04:02.193 --> 00:04:04.414
And the burnout research is interesting
00:04:04.435 --> 00:04:07.396
because it's sort of very clear on this.
00:04:07.456 --> 00:04:09.718
People don't leave the work because it's
00:04:09.778 --> 00:04:11.080
difficult work.
00:04:11.199 --> 00:04:13.521
They go into it for patient care, right?
00:04:13.762 --> 00:04:15.463
They leave because something keeps them
00:04:15.503 --> 00:04:16.584
from doing the work.
00:04:17.485 --> 00:04:20.687
Revenue anxiety is one of those things.
00:04:21.367 --> 00:04:23.848
It doesn't feel like fear.
00:04:23.887 --> 00:04:26.608
It feels like static, noise, hum,
00:04:26.629 --> 00:04:28.749
and you can't do great work over static.
00:04:29.788 --> 00:04:31.310
You can't hear yourself think.
00:04:32.050 --> 00:04:33.709
It's like the good cop,
00:04:33.750 --> 00:04:36.591
bad cop going on in your brain.
00:04:37.531 --> 00:04:40.711
And when you talk to therapists on a
00:04:40.932 --> 00:04:43.033
one-to-one level or medical providers,
00:04:43.213 --> 00:04:44.173
they tell you this, yeah,
00:04:44.192 --> 00:04:45.153
I'm thinking about this,
00:04:45.194 --> 00:04:46.494
but this is going on and
00:04:47.581 --> 00:04:48.382
And, you know,
00:04:48.401 --> 00:04:50.423
we get all this multitasking going on and
00:04:50.442 --> 00:04:52.124
then they got social media in their brain
00:04:52.163 --> 00:04:53.785
and they got text messages and other
00:04:53.845 --> 00:04:55.125
messages coming at them.
00:04:55.826 --> 00:04:57.067
All of that collectively,
00:04:57.127 --> 00:04:58.869
I'm sort of calling revenue anxiety or
00:04:58.908 --> 00:05:00.569
these underlying things that are
00:05:00.610 --> 00:05:03.391
distracting from what really drove you
00:05:03.411 --> 00:05:05.954
into what you love, which is patient care.
00:05:06.014 --> 00:05:06.533
Yeah.
00:05:06.593 --> 00:05:07.915
Well, we would never let a parent.
00:05:08.593 --> 00:05:10.435
into the room and actively say, hey,
00:05:11.076 --> 00:05:12.036
I'd like you to make the clinical
00:05:12.076 --> 00:05:12.497
decision.
00:05:12.896 --> 00:05:14.298
But there was a sentence in your article
00:05:14.338 --> 00:05:16.680
this week where training clinicians to let
00:05:16.721 --> 00:05:19.124
the payer make the clinical decision,
00:05:19.184 --> 00:05:20.345
almost like a Trojan horse.
00:05:20.404 --> 00:05:21.826
They didn't show up and knock on the
00:05:21.846 --> 00:05:22.307
door and say,
00:05:22.326 --> 00:05:23.348
I wanted to make that decision.
00:05:23.968 --> 00:05:25.009
We sort of let them in.
00:05:25.430 --> 00:05:26.870
That's a serious accusation.
00:05:26.891 --> 00:05:29.233
But so how do we end up there?
00:05:30.040 --> 00:05:30.360
Yeah, well,
00:05:30.379 --> 00:05:32.081
I love your analogy of the Trojan horse,
00:05:32.100 --> 00:05:32.581
by the way.
00:05:32.620 --> 00:05:33.781
But we got there slowly,
00:05:33.821 --> 00:05:36.442
which is one of the serious things.
00:05:36.482 --> 00:05:38.083
Why did we ever let this happen, right?
00:05:38.142 --> 00:05:39.783
Nobody ever stood up and announced.
00:05:39.843 --> 00:05:40.423
From now on,
00:05:40.483 --> 00:05:42.463
insurance company decides what the plan of
00:05:42.504 --> 00:05:43.105
care is.
00:05:43.165 --> 00:05:43.524
Instead,
00:05:43.644 --> 00:05:45.706
we built a system where the payer decides
00:05:45.925 --> 00:05:46.985
what gets authorized,
00:05:47.386 --> 00:05:48.425
what gets reimbursed,
00:05:48.485 --> 00:05:50.447
and how many visits are allowed.
00:05:50.487 --> 00:05:52.127
And then we act surprised when the
00:05:52.588 --> 00:05:55.728
clinical plan quietly sort of reshapes
00:05:55.769 --> 00:05:58.009
itself to these three things.
00:05:58.610 --> 00:05:59.370
It's interesting,
00:05:59.810 --> 00:06:02.312
I spoke at a dental conference and there's
00:06:02.333 --> 00:06:04.055
a difference here because in dental,
00:06:04.694 --> 00:06:06.377
a good portion of it is out of
00:06:06.416 --> 00:06:09.360
pocket pay and dental insurance isn't
00:06:09.379 --> 00:06:11.540
really underwriting insurance like it is,
00:06:12.281 --> 00:06:14.564
but it's the exact same thing happened,
00:06:14.624 --> 00:06:17.086
different problems, same identical trap.
00:06:17.125 --> 00:06:19.928
And here's how I put it to them.
00:06:20.028 --> 00:06:20.269
I said,
00:06:20.329 --> 00:06:22.290
here's the piece that almost nobody in the
00:06:22.331 --> 00:06:24.353
building got in their training.
00:06:25.216 --> 00:06:26.495
When we train a dentist,
00:06:26.555 --> 00:06:27.637
and you could say a therapist,
00:06:27.677 --> 00:06:28.697
you could say a doctor,
00:06:28.916 --> 00:06:31.317
to be clinically excellent and then never
00:06:31.398 --> 00:06:33.737
teach them to separate their clinical
00:06:33.798 --> 00:06:35.939
judgment from an insurance company fee
00:06:35.978 --> 00:06:36.499
schedule,
00:06:36.879 --> 00:06:39.779
we're training a clinician to let the
00:06:39.839 --> 00:06:42.120
payer make clinical decisions.
00:06:42.701 --> 00:06:44.180
And think about what that means, Jimmy.
00:06:44.201 --> 00:06:45.862
You've invested in building a highly
00:06:45.942 --> 00:06:47.122
skilled practitioner.
00:06:47.562 --> 00:06:48.822
They sit down with a patient,
00:06:48.841 --> 00:06:51.043
they see clearly what the patient needs,
00:06:52.278 --> 00:06:53.220
And then what happens?
00:06:53.259 --> 00:06:54.901
They open up the benefit portal,
00:06:54.942 --> 00:06:55.901
the insurance portal,
00:06:55.922 --> 00:06:58.264
and suddenly the treatment plan bends.
00:06:58.865 --> 00:07:01.026
That's not clinical autonomy.
00:07:01.047 --> 00:07:03.149
That's sophisticated form of learned
00:07:03.209 --> 00:07:03.949
helplessness.
00:07:04.930 --> 00:07:06.112
It's just dressed up.
00:07:06.331 --> 00:07:07.833
It's just dressed up in a clinical
00:07:07.872 --> 00:07:08.334
language.
00:07:08.353 --> 00:07:10.435
In physical therapy, dentistry,
00:07:10.495 --> 00:07:12.458
pick your white coat, same mechanism.
00:07:13.077 --> 00:07:14.639
You know, clinicians thinking, well,
00:07:14.879 --> 00:07:16.540
I can't do that because it's not approved.
00:07:16.579 --> 00:07:17.560
I like doing this dry kneeling,
00:07:17.579 --> 00:07:18.279
but it's not approved.
00:07:18.300 --> 00:07:19.581
Oh, if I do manual therapy,
00:07:19.620 --> 00:07:22.021
is it too many units now that I'm
00:07:22.062 --> 00:07:22.622
on the patient?
00:07:23.141 --> 00:07:24.802
All of that is going by.
00:07:24.822 --> 00:07:27.184
You don't lose clinical judgment in a
00:07:27.264 --> 00:07:28.125
dramatic moment.
00:07:28.165 --> 00:07:29.504
You lose it the day you think,
00:07:30.125 --> 00:07:31.185
will it get approved?
00:07:31.865 --> 00:07:33.367
Think about that.
00:07:33.406 --> 00:07:34.947
That's not clinical judgment.
00:07:34.968 --> 00:07:36.648
It's the opposite of clinical judgment.
00:07:36.708 --> 00:07:38.389
And if that is clouding your mind and
00:07:38.449 --> 00:07:40.149
we've let it cloud minds,
00:07:40.649 --> 00:07:41.750
that is a problem.
00:07:42.031 --> 00:07:42.230
Yeah.
00:07:42.913 --> 00:07:45.394
I think if we were to do control
00:07:45.714 --> 00:07:47.415
F and see which word would pop up
00:07:47.435 --> 00:07:48.196
the most in this,
00:07:48.216 --> 00:07:50.156
it wouldn't be AI or even insurance.
00:07:50.617 --> 00:07:51.877
I think the word we've said so far
00:07:51.937 --> 00:07:53.038
most is judgment.
00:07:53.678 --> 00:07:54.759
So I'm struck by the fact that this
00:07:54.798 --> 00:07:56.100
article really wasn't about insurance.
00:07:56.139 --> 00:07:57.920
It is about that word judgment.
00:07:58.641 --> 00:08:01.182
Would you say what you're actually â is
00:08:01.202 --> 00:08:02.483
that what you're actually writing about?
00:08:03.144 --> 00:08:03.384
No.
00:08:03.543 --> 00:08:04.865
Yeah, a hundred percent.
00:08:06.115 --> 00:08:08.596
insurance is the villain of the story,
00:08:08.637 --> 00:08:10.658
but judgment is the subject.
00:08:10.677 --> 00:08:11.358
Yeah.
00:08:11.439 --> 00:08:14.060
I don't actually care about billing codes
00:08:14.079 --> 00:08:15.360
for the sake of billing codes.
00:08:15.380 --> 00:08:17.622
What I care about is getting a highly
00:08:17.682 --> 00:08:18.682
trained clinician,
00:08:18.723 --> 00:08:20.685
somebody with a doctorate or a dentist or
00:08:20.704 --> 00:08:21.665
a primary care doctor,
00:08:21.704 --> 00:08:24.086
who's trained for years to be an
00:08:24.127 --> 00:08:26.028
interpreter of the body or interpreter of
00:08:26.048 --> 00:08:26.569
the mouth.
00:08:26.608 --> 00:08:27.689
And they build a plan.
00:08:28.149 --> 00:08:30.071
And then all of a sudden it's being
00:08:30.110 --> 00:08:32.011
reduced to a machine and whether that
00:08:32.052 --> 00:08:33.232
machine says yes or no,
00:08:33.293 --> 00:08:33.994
I can do that.
00:08:34.134 --> 00:08:34.374
Right.
00:08:34.653 --> 00:08:36.395
and so the whole series is one argument
00:08:36.917 --> 00:08:39.679
to protect the clinical judgments you know
00:08:39.740 --> 00:08:42.042
actually sir you know last week's article
00:08:42.062 --> 00:08:45.405
was was really more about being present
00:08:45.446 --> 00:08:48.429
this one is protecting clinical judgment
00:08:48.909 --> 00:08:51.994
you know every one of these ai agents
00:08:52.053 --> 00:08:53.655
and that's where i'm going with this and
00:08:54.495 --> 00:08:56.417
if if ai is to do one thing
00:08:56.456 --> 00:08:59.057
correct is to allow us to do what
00:08:59.116 --> 00:09:01.597
it can't which is be human and so
00:09:01.658 --> 00:09:04.719
week one agent is the scribe week two
00:09:04.918 --> 00:09:08.740
agent is the agent that allows it to
00:09:08.860 --> 00:09:11.400
read all the things around insurance and
00:09:11.500 --> 00:09:13.922
eight minutes and protect it and pre-auth
00:09:13.981 --> 00:09:16.482
and do that in the background so that
00:09:16.523 --> 00:09:18.663
you can focus on doing things clinically
00:09:19.263 --> 00:09:21.083
the scribe allows you to be present
00:09:21.683 --> 00:09:25.505
And AI around insurance needs allows you
00:09:25.546 --> 00:09:28.126
to have clinical judgment without being
00:09:28.267 --> 00:09:30.488
uninhibited or being inhibited,
00:09:30.548 --> 00:09:31.149
I should say,
00:09:31.249 --> 00:09:33.450
from the noise of the machinery around
00:09:33.490 --> 00:09:33.909
insurance.
00:09:34.889 --> 00:09:36.671
Another thing I noticed in this series so
00:09:36.711 --> 00:09:39.572
far is that every AI tool you brought
00:09:39.633 --> 00:09:40.832
up gives something back.
00:09:40.893 --> 00:09:42.514
Last week, you mentioned presence.
00:09:42.553 --> 00:09:43.975
This week, clinical focus.
00:09:45.004 --> 00:09:46.225
We saw a lot of traction, too,
00:09:46.264 --> 00:09:49.265
when I mentioned this on LinkedIn around
00:09:49.306 --> 00:09:50.807
this whole idea of efficiency.
00:09:50.866 --> 00:09:54.328
So why frame AI in terms of restoration
00:09:54.788 --> 00:09:55.809
instead of efficiency,
00:09:55.830 --> 00:09:57.951
which is probably the most used word
00:09:58.010 --> 00:09:59.812
behind AI in that topic?
00:10:00.296 --> 00:10:01.697
Yeah, and we've been warped,
00:10:01.716 --> 00:10:04.559
just like we've been biased by insurance
00:10:04.580 --> 00:10:05.061
companies,
00:10:05.100 --> 00:10:06.942
the vendors are the ones who are selling
00:10:06.982 --> 00:10:07.682
efficiency.
00:10:08.803 --> 00:10:11.226
And that's the smaller part of the story.
00:10:12.047 --> 00:10:14.309
Everybody's out there promising that AI
00:10:14.330 --> 00:10:15.530
will save you time.
00:10:15.890 --> 00:10:18.293
Fine, yeah, I do think that it will,
00:10:18.374 --> 00:10:20.436
but save time is a productivity pitch.
00:10:21.211 --> 00:10:23.754
And this profession has been beaten half
00:10:23.794 --> 00:10:25.735
to death by productivity pitches,
00:10:26.297 --> 00:10:28.078
by unprofessional managers,
00:10:28.619 --> 00:10:30.620
non-PTs in the example of physical
00:10:30.640 --> 00:10:31.001
therapy,
00:10:31.022 --> 00:10:32.942
just pressing down on your schedule
00:10:33.004 --> 00:10:35.466
optimization and open doors and doing this
00:10:35.525 --> 00:10:38.087
and just more throughput, more throughput.
00:10:39.208 --> 00:10:40.009
No, thank you.
00:10:40.330 --> 00:10:42.172
I'm not interested in giving a therapist a
00:10:42.231 --> 00:10:43.312
faster treadmill.
00:10:43.753 --> 00:10:45.114
I'm interested in giving the back the
00:10:45.173 --> 00:10:48.797
things the system took.
00:10:48.836 --> 00:10:49.998
What did it take from us?
00:10:50.457 --> 00:10:51.339
It took presence.
00:10:51.379 --> 00:10:52.320
That was week one,
00:10:52.740 --> 00:10:53.539
all the way in the room.
00:10:53.900 --> 00:10:55.522
Week two, clinical focus.
00:10:56.883 --> 00:10:58.663
I want them to think like a clinician,
00:10:58.724 --> 00:11:00.826
not a coder or a compliance expert.
00:11:00.905 --> 00:11:03.148
Nobody ever became a physical therapist to
00:11:03.168 --> 00:11:04.609
be excellent at compliance.
00:11:05.048 --> 00:11:07.591
Nobody ever came to be the productivity
00:11:07.650 --> 00:11:08.312
king or queen.
00:11:08.792 --> 00:11:10.393
Nobody ever took it to know all the
00:11:10.413 --> 00:11:12.033
insurance rules and regulations.
00:11:12.734 --> 00:11:14.073
Nobody ever went in the profession for
00:11:14.114 --> 00:11:14.293
that.
00:11:14.354 --> 00:11:16.955
We went in there to do patient care
00:11:17.034 --> 00:11:18.596
and to impact people's lives.
00:11:19.135 --> 00:11:21.096
And if AI is to do its job,
00:11:23.177 --> 00:11:25.658
and I think that it can help us,
00:11:25.999 --> 00:11:27.639
those would be what it would be.
00:11:28.220 --> 00:11:32.162
Allow restoration as opposed to a faster
00:11:32.201 --> 00:11:32.542
treadmill.
00:11:33.428 --> 00:11:33.750
All right.
00:11:33.850 --> 00:11:35.931
In your Hemingway moment, I think,
00:11:35.971 --> 00:11:36.631
in this article,
00:11:36.672 --> 00:11:38.613
you wrote this great sentence,
00:11:38.852 --> 00:11:41.134
the machine handles the machinery.
00:11:41.515 --> 00:11:43.817
It sounds like it's just talking in a
00:11:43.876 --> 00:11:44.217
circle.
00:11:44.538 --> 00:11:45.899
I think it's a really beautiful sentence,
00:11:45.918 --> 00:11:46.940
but I want you to help me unpack
00:11:46.980 --> 00:11:47.059
it.
00:11:47.379 --> 00:11:48.921
What does that look like in a clinic
00:11:49.481 --> 00:11:51.722
where it's working the way it should,
00:11:51.763 --> 00:11:54.325
the way you hope the machine handles the
00:11:54.365 --> 00:11:55.125
machinery?
00:11:55.907 --> 00:11:56.246
Yeah.
00:11:56.326 --> 00:11:59.068
So if you remember last week,
00:11:59.089 --> 00:12:02.010
we talked about Sarah and how she's
00:12:02.071 --> 00:12:02.511
working.
00:12:03.677 --> 00:12:05.437
And the reality is she finishes an
00:12:05.498 --> 00:12:07.698
evaluation, she signs the note,
00:12:07.839 --> 00:12:09.599
and that's the end of her involvement with
00:12:09.619 --> 00:12:12.799
the administrative aspect of the patient.
00:12:13.220 --> 00:12:15.801
She doesn't touch code strings if this AI
00:12:15.961 --> 00:12:16.881
agent does its job.
00:12:16.902 --> 00:12:18.601
She doesn't choose a prior app.
00:12:18.621 --> 00:12:20.423
She doesn't get pulled out of a session
00:12:21.062 --> 00:12:23.803
because an authorization disagreed with it
00:12:23.844 --> 00:12:26.684
or an edit bouncing back from something
00:12:26.705 --> 00:12:28.144
you programmed into the EMR.
00:12:28.164 --> 00:12:29.446
I remember when that was really big.
00:12:30.385 --> 00:12:32.447
The system already did it.
00:12:32.587 --> 00:12:34.629
The AI agent already did it with the
00:12:34.669 --> 00:12:36.893
right functional data pulled from her
00:12:36.952 --> 00:12:37.352
nodes.
00:12:37.753 --> 00:12:39.914
The billing happens, the pre-cert happens.
00:12:39.975 --> 00:12:42.236
The payer gets honored.
00:12:42.697 --> 00:12:44.078
The payer gets what they get.
00:12:44.139 --> 00:12:45.681
They just get it from a non-human.
00:12:45.721 --> 00:12:47.261
They get it from an AI agent who
00:12:47.302 --> 00:12:48.823
doesn't typically have a bad day.
00:12:49.884 --> 00:12:52.446
But it happens, I would say,
00:12:53.267 --> 00:12:54.827
the same way that plumbing happens.
00:12:54.868 --> 00:12:57.009
It's in the walls, out of sight.
00:12:57.669 --> 00:12:59.671
She trusts that it's there and that it
00:12:59.711 --> 00:13:00.370
just happens.
00:13:00.390 --> 00:13:02.332
And so she's got presence and now she's
00:13:02.352 --> 00:13:03.974
had clinical judgment all at the same
00:13:04.014 --> 00:13:04.293
time.
00:13:04.774 --> 00:13:05.774
So what the difference is,
00:13:05.835 --> 00:13:08.277
is that Sarah spends her cognitive budget
00:13:09.157 --> 00:13:11.339
The hours that she's meant thinking on
00:13:11.418 --> 00:13:12.539
patients in front of her,
00:13:12.940 --> 00:13:15.282
not on billable units, not on pre-op,
00:13:15.601 --> 00:13:16.643
not on is it covered.
00:13:17.403 --> 00:13:19.284
She spends all of her time doing what
00:13:19.325 --> 00:13:20.405
she's paid to do.
00:13:21.346 --> 00:13:22.847
Not a clinic with fewer patients,
00:13:22.888 --> 00:13:24.629
a clinic where the therapist's brain is
00:13:24.690 --> 00:13:27.052
finally pointed at patients.
00:13:27.909 --> 00:13:28.730
at the right problem.
00:13:28.750 --> 00:13:29.711
And I would say it this way,
00:13:30.110 --> 00:13:32.251
good machinery is like good plumbing,
00:13:32.692 --> 00:13:33.212
right?
00:13:33.253 --> 00:13:35.114
A good agent would be like good plumbing,
00:13:35.134 --> 00:13:36.355
you don't admire it,
00:13:36.434 --> 00:13:38.696
you just you just stop thinking about it.
00:13:39.596 --> 00:13:41.577
And that silences the whole point.
00:13:41.638 --> 00:13:43.558
So when it breaks down, like plumbing,
00:13:43.619 --> 00:13:44.798
you would get concerned about it.
00:13:45.480 --> 00:13:46.379
Right.
00:13:46.399 --> 00:13:48.881
So and hopefully the AI won't break down.
00:13:49.121 --> 00:13:50.702
You only notice it when there's an issue.
00:13:50.763 --> 00:13:52.644
And every other time you just it's it's
00:13:52.683 --> 00:13:53.224
in the walls.
00:13:54.100 --> 00:13:54.860
Another line I liked,
00:13:54.980 --> 00:13:56.923
verification is the product.
00:13:56.982 --> 00:13:59.005
This one sort of stings a little bit
00:13:59.046 --> 00:14:00.788
because it feels a little true.
00:14:01.207 --> 00:14:05.633
That sounds more like more than an AI
00:14:05.692 --> 00:14:06.293
principle, though.
00:14:06.333 --> 00:14:08.395
That sounds more like a systemic issue.
00:14:08.416 --> 00:14:10.378
It almost sounds philosophical if you want
00:14:10.398 --> 00:14:10.778
to get it to.
00:14:11.119 --> 00:14:14.322
So what does verification is the product
00:14:14.422 --> 00:14:14.602
mean?
00:14:15.393 --> 00:14:17.092
Yeah, it's a philosophy.
00:14:17.133 --> 00:14:20.614
It's the one that keeps this from really
00:14:20.673 --> 00:14:21.673
going wrong here.
00:14:21.734 --> 00:14:23.455
So here's the trap with AI in healthcare.
00:14:23.495 --> 00:14:25.355
People think that the output is the
00:14:25.394 --> 00:14:27.075
product, the generated note,
00:14:27.475 --> 00:14:30.956
the auto-selected code, the prior auth,
00:14:31.316 --> 00:14:32.777
the compliance check.
00:14:32.937 --> 00:14:35.116
Any tool could generate an output.
00:14:35.157 --> 00:14:37.658
The thing you're actually buying,
00:14:37.778 --> 00:14:39.278
the one thing that makes safe
00:14:40.171 --> 00:14:41.351
is that it is checkable,
00:14:41.732 --> 00:14:44.115
that a human being can look at every
00:14:44.235 --> 00:14:45.956
one of those decisions, re-understand it,
00:14:46.096 --> 00:14:47.958
and in theory, override it, right?
00:14:48.619 --> 00:14:50.461
The agent doesn't get to be a black
00:14:50.500 --> 00:14:52.682
box that quietly decides how to get paid.
00:14:52.863 --> 00:14:54.004
It does the legwork,
00:14:54.544 --> 00:14:55.745
and it shows the work.
00:14:55.826 --> 00:14:57.388
The clinician stays accountable.
00:14:58.028 --> 00:14:59.590
The audit trail is the product.
00:14:59.610 --> 00:15:01.652
The verifiability is the product.
00:15:01.672 --> 00:15:04.094
So ultimately, the clinician always has
00:15:05.014 --> 00:15:07.035
you know the benevolent dictator right
00:15:07.196 --> 00:15:09.456
over a verification check of an ai it
00:15:09.475 --> 00:15:11.797
just doesn't again the output isn't the
00:15:11.836 --> 00:15:13.496
product the fact that a human can check
00:15:13.537 --> 00:15:17.038
it understand it and overrule it that's
00:15:17.077 --> 00:15:18.898
the problem it's the human that can
00:15:18.918 --> 00:15:22.078
overrule it verification you know is is is
00:15:22.119 --> 00:15:24.139
the whole ball game yeah well you
00:15:24.159 --> 00:15:26.320
described sort of shangri-la right which
00:15:26.379 --> 00:15:28.760
is a world where the clinician gets to
00:15:28.941 --> 00:15:29.240
asks
00:15:30.048 --> 00:15:32.490
what does this patient need instead of
00:15:32.931 --> 00:15:34.471
this little voice, this hum,
00:15:35.392 --> 00:15:37.452
will insurance approve this thing that I'm
00:15:37.493 --> 00:15:38.333
already thinking of?
00:15:38.953 --> 00:15:40.894
Do you think we've forgotten that those
00:15:40.934 --> 00:15:43.336
are supposed to happen in that order?
00:15:43.397 --> 00:15:45.018
Because I feel like it does happen.
00:15:45.038 --> 00:15:46.879
It just happens in the other order.
00:15:47.616 --> 00:15:47.756
Yeah,
00:15:47.777 --> 00:15:49.318
I would say that we haven't necessarily
00:15:49.359 --> 00:15:50.460
forgotten about it.
00:15:50.720 --> 00:15:51.780
We've been trained.
00:15:52.201 --> 00:15:54.844
We've been trained to learn helplessness.
00:15:54.884 --> 00:15:55.644
We were trained out of it.
00:15:55.664 --> 00:15:56.466
There's a difference.
00:15:56.485 --> 00:15:57.927
And the difference really does matter.
00:15:58.648 --> 00:16:00.350
You know, forgetting would be innocent.
00:16:00.529 --> 00:16:01.831
You know, this is an innocent.
00:16:01.870 --> 00:16:04.474
It's it's conditional behavior that we've
00:16:04.494 --> 00:16:06.556
been trained in to deny a clinician enough
00:16:06.615 --> 00:16:06.975
times.
00:16:07.636 --> 00:16:09.418
make them redo enough notes,
00:16:10.197 --> 00:16:11.697
claw back enough visits,
00:16:11.738 --> 00:16:13.379
and they'll start pre-checking their own
00:16:13.438 --> 00:16:15.158
judgment against the payer's rules.
00:16:15.318 --> 00:16:16.980
We've just been normalized into the
00:16:17.019 --> 00:16:17.720
payer's rules.
00:16:17.740 --> 00:16:19.080
And before they can say it out loud,
00:16:19.120 --> 00:16:21.961
it's a survival reflex, if you will.
00:16:22.782 --> 00:16:24.662
Those two questions are supposed to happen
00:16:24.701 --> 00:16:25.381
in that order.
00:16:25.822 --> 00:16:27.783
Need first, coverage second.
00:16:27.903 --> 00:16:29.043
What does the patient need?
00:16:29.062 --> 00:16:30.703
What does my clinical judgment tell me?
00:16:31.283 --> 00:16:32.644
You figure out what the human being
00:16:32.684 --> 00:16:33.285
requires,
00:16:33.865 --> 00:16:35.746
and then you go fight the administrative
00:16:35.767 --> 00:16:36.707
fight to deliver it.
00:16:36.748 --> 00:16:38.629
And it's okay to have adult conversations
00:16:38.649 --> 00:16:40.811
with patients about coverage issues and
00:16:40.831 --> 00:16:42.032
that that's not your bag,
00:16:42.072 --> 00:16:43.212
but this is what you need.
00:16:43.413 --> 00:16:44.393
Let them decide.
00:16:44.953 --> 00:16:46.835
And what happens is most patients will
00:16:47.355 --> 00:16:48.937
typically decide to do what's right,
00:16:49.096 --> 00:16:50.378
not what the insurance covers,
00:16:50.457 --> 00:16:51.618
at least in my experience.
00:16:51.638 --> 00:16:52.859
It's just that we've been conditioned
00:16:52.918 --> 00:16:53.299
elsewhere.
00:16:53.980 --> 00:16:55.441
And the whole point of the agent is
00:16:55.480 --> 00:16:57.261
to take the second question off the
00:16:57.302 --> 00:16:58.283
therapist's plate.
00:16:58.562 --> 00:17:00.583
So the first question gets the clinicians
00:17:00.644 --> 00:17:02.164
full and undivided attention,
00:17:02.225 --> 00:17:03.166
clinical judgment.
00:17:03.586 --> 00:17:05.207
Get the order right and everything sort of
00:17:05.267 --> 00:17:07.449
downstream.
00:17:07.949 --> 00:17:09.490
Everything downstream gets healthier.
00:17:09.529 --> 00:17:11.250
It's not that we forgot, you know,
00:17:11.290 --> 00:17:12.172
the right order.
00:17:12.491 --> 00:17:14.232
We got trained out of it one denial
00:17:14.292 --> 00:17:14.853
at a time.
00:17:14.953 --> 00:17:17.434
Need first, coverage, treatment second,
00:17:17.654 --> 00:17:18.076
or, you know,
00:17:18.155 --> 00:17:19.316
treatment coverage from the insurance
00:17:19.355 --> 00:17:19.957
company second.
00:17:19.977 --> 00:17:22.157
Flip those two and what you've done is
00:17:22.178 --> 00:17:23.358
you've given your judgment away.
00:17:24.817 --> 00:17:27.057
So you brought Sarah back from from week
00:17:27.178 --> 00:17:29.259
one from article one in this series,
00:17:29.798 --> 00:17:31.140
you bring her back at the end with
00:17:31.180 --> 00:17:33.701
something you call this clinical focus.
00:17:34.621 --> 00:17:36.642
How would she know she'd gotten it back?
00:17:36.682 --> 00:17:38.583
What would feel different about her day?
00:17:38.603 --> 00:17:39.903
Would it be the thought process,
00:17:39.923 --> 00:17:41.364
the order in which or what would it
00:17:41.544 --> 00:17:42.585
look and feel like?
00:17:43.334 --> 00:17:43.614
Yeah.
00:17:43.634 --> 00:17:44.835
And so you're a clinician, Jimmy.
00:17:44.855 --> 00:17:47.476
So you have to go back and reimagine
00:17:47.496 --> 00:17:47.996
this a bit.
00:17:48.036 --> 00:17:49.817
But she'd feel it in her body at
00:17:49.856 --> 00:17:50.537
the end of the day.
00:17:50.576 --> 00:17:51.396
That's specific.
00:17:51.436 --> 00:17:52.698
This, you know, hollow.
00:17:53.417 --> 00:17:55.118
We get the sort of hollow tiredness,
00:17:55.159 --> 00:17:56.519
the one that comes from fighting the
00:17:56.558 --> 00:17:58.980
system, this fighting and fighting.
00:17:59.019 --> 00:18:00.441
It's very, very stressful.
00:18:00.461 --> 00:18:01.641
And it doesn't come from treating
00:18:01.701 --> 00:18:02.080
patients.
00:18:02.141 --> 00:18:02.981
It comes from fighting.
00:18:03.041 --> 00:18:04.221
And you're tired.
00:18:04.261 --> 00:18:05.403
In this case, she's tired.
00:18:06.403 --> 00:18:09.505
Now she's tired from clinically treating a
00:18:09.545 --> 00:18:09.964
patient.
00:18:10.025 --> 00:18:11.566
It's a different type of field.
00:18:11.586 --> 00:18:14.406
The kind you earn from actual work.
00:18:14.426 --> 00:18:15.527
They say, like,
00:18:15.887 --> 00:18:17.587
honest sweat doesn't smell.
00:18:17.929 --> 00:18:19.750
Honest tired feels good.
00:18:21.049 --> 00:18:23.211
I work today helping patients get better,
00:18:23.290 --> 00:18:24.491
not fighting the system.
00:18:25.051 --> 00:18:26.834
when sixty seventy percent of your time is
00:18:26.854 --> 00:18:28.715
fighting fighting system that's that's
00:18:29.036 --> 00:18:31.397
that's you know that's a problem she
00:18:31.458 --> 00:18:33.440
noticed she stopped rehearsing denials in
00:18:33.480 --> 00:18:35.000
her head you know that this noise and
00:18:35.040 --> 00:18:36.722
this hum you know started to go away
00:18:36.762 --> 00:18:37.844
without these little internal
00:18:37.864 --> 00:18:39.365
investigations going on
00:18:41.467 --> 00:18:44.328
And here's the quiet one, you know,
00:18:44.348 --> 00:18:46.510
she went home and she didn't need to
00:18:46.550 --> 00:18:48.031
bring her clinic home with her.
00:18:48.271 --> 00:18:49.653
It's not the second job.
00:18:49.972 --> 00:18:51.734
I'm not talking about notes that you have
00:18:51.755 --> 00:18:54.296
to do, but, oh man, units per visit,
00:18:54.336 --> 00:18:55.636
what was my report card telling,
00:18:55.717 --> 00:18:56.938
all these kind of things, you know.
00:18:57.898 --> 00:18:59.799
So you know it not from a dashboard,
00:18:59.839 --> 00:19:00.980
but you know it from the feeling that
00:19:01.020 --> 00:19:01.481
you had.
00:19:02.357 --> 00:19:04.357
And you know you've got your focus back
00:19:04.498 --> 00:19:06.878
the day you're tired from the work,
00:19:07.519 --> 00:19:09.440
not from fighting the machinery around the
00:19:09.460 --> 00:19:09.700
work.
00:19:09.740 --> 00:19:11.680
And every healthcare provider knows the
00:19:11.720 --> 00:19:12.079
difference.
00:19:12.099 --> 00:19:13.480
They know the feeling of the difference.
00:19:14.340 --> 00:19:14.421
Well,
00:19:14.441 --> 00:19:17.020
let's give a little forward tease to next
00:19:17.060 --> 00:19:18.382
week and the next part of this series.
00:19:18.422 --> 00:19:19.741
And when people finish this series,
00:19:19.761 --> 00:19:21.642
what do you hope they'll never again
00:19:21.662 --> 00:19:24.202
accept as just part of healthcare or that
00:19:24.282 --> 00:19:24.583
hum?
00:19:25.338 --> 00:19:25.659
Yeah,
00:19:25.679 --> 00:19:27.480
so what you're going to see is continued
00:19:27.599 --> 00:19:30.421
emphasis on what I believe is the best
00:19:30.560 --> 00:19:32.461
use case for AI in health care.
00:19:32.840 --> 00:19:34.701
Week one is about presence.
00:19:35.122 --> 00:19:37.403
Week two is about clinical judgment.
00:19:37.962 --> 00:19:39.663
And week three will just take this to
00:19:39.703 --> 00:19:40.844
different levels, again,
00:19:40.903 --> 00:19:42.704
more agentic view of where we're going
00:19:42.724 --> 00:19:43.444
with AI.
00:19:43.825 --> 00:19:45.365
And hopefully, by the end,
00:19:45.405 --> 00:19:46.546
they'll get rid of that hum,
00:19:46.625 --> 00:19:48.727
the idea that the background dread,
00:19:49.626 --> 00:19:50.787
the cost of the job.
00:19:50.846 --> 00:19:52.228
I want a clinician to finish.
00:19:53.259 --> 00:19:54.680
reading this or looking at this and
00:19:54.700 --> 00:19:55.941
actually get a little bit angry,
00:19:55.980 --> 00:19:56.780
but in a good way,
00:19:56.820 --> 00:19:58.840
to stop treating the second voice in the
00:19:58.901 --> 00:20:01.321
room, the payer, the seven PM note,
00:20:01.362 --> 00:20:02.582
the revenue anxiety,
00:20:02.602 --> 00:20:04.122
the erosion of your own judgment,
00:20:04.701 --> 00:20:07.542
to stop treating any of that as weather.
00:20:08.762 --> 00:20:10.943
And it's just how it is,
00:20:11.003 --> 00:20:12.723
is the price of admission, right?
00:20:12.763 --> 00:20:13.943
I wanted a little anger there.
00:20:14.443 --> 00:20:15.684
None of this is natural,
00:20:15.825 --> 00:20:16.704
all of it was built.
00:20:17.065 --> 00:20:17.664
And by the way,
00:20:17.684 --> 00:20:19.565
I want the EMR companies to read this,
00:20:19.605 --> 00:20:20.726
because I'm going to be submitting,
00:20:20.806 --> 00:20:21.306
secondly,
00:20:21.346 --> 00:20:22.846
Tim Flynn and I tried to submit an
00:20:22.905 --> 00:20:24.685
article for a professional publication,
00:20:24.726 --> 00:20:25.727
peer-reviewed publication,
00:20:25.787 --> 00:20:27.086
on the use of AI agents.
00:20:27.666 --> 00:20:29.547
And it was along these themes.
00:20:29.567 --> 00:20:31.147
A little harder to explain in the academic
00:20:31.188 --> 00:20:31.508
sense.
00:20:32.167 --> 00:20:32.907
But really,
00:20:32.948 --> 00:20:35.067
the ultimate goal will be another position
00:20:35.107 --> 00:20:37.308
paper that EMR companies look at and say,
00:20:37.828 --> 00:20:39.429
this is really what I need to do
00:20:39.449 --> 00:20:40.249
for a clinician.
00:20:40.769 --> 00:20:43.569
So that's what the hope is here.
00:20:45.589 --> 00:20:46.490
If you think about it, Jimmy,
00:20:46.530 --> 00:20:48.933
nothing about our system is natural.
00:20:49.153 --> 00:20:50.015
It was all built.
00:20:50.234 --> 00:20:51.855
The forms, the denials,
00:20:51.895 --> 00:20:53.097
the second voice in the room,
00:20:53.157 --> 00:20:54.959
and anything built by people can be
00:20:55.079 --> 00:20:56.580
rebuilt by people.
00:20:57.182 --> 00:20:58.303
Stop calling it weather.
00:20:59.063 --> 00:21:02.006
Start calling it a choice and then say,
00:21:02.105 --> 00:21:05.690
can we really use something like AI to
00:21:05.730 --> 00:21:07.171
help us get there?
00:21:07.191 --> 00:21:07.751
That's the goal.
00:21:08.700 --> 00:21:09.440
All right.
00:21:09.460 --> 00:21:10.701
Look forward to this next week.
00:21:10.721 --> 00:21:13.041
Make sure to subscribe on Substack.
00:21:13.061 --> 00:21:14.663
This conversation around AI usually
00:21:14.702 --> 00:21:17.924
focuses on what technology can do.
00:21:17.964 --> 00:21:18.845
You've seen the ads.
00:21:19.204 --> 00:21:20.165
If you've somehow missed them,
00:21:20.405 --> 00:21:21.145
teach me how to do that.
00:21:21.826 --> 00:21:23.287
But we want to keep asking the different
00:21:23.326 --> 00:21:25.667
question, what can technology give back?
00:21:25.788 --> 00:21:27.229
Last week, it was presence.
00:21:27.288 --> 00:21:28.710
This week, it was clinical focus.
00:21:29.269 --> 00:21:30.691
What is the focus of next week?
00:21:31.413 --> 00:21:32.173
Oh, you're going to see.
00:21:32.233 --> 00:21:33.474
It's going to be a surprise to you.
00:21:33.494 --> 00:21:34.194
Spoiler alert.
00:21:35.155 --> 00:21:37.616
If you're enjoying this series called The
00:21:37.656 --> 00:21:38.656
Care of the Age of AI,
00:21:38.696 --> 00:21:40.337
subscribe to The Operator on Substack.
00:21:40.357 --> 00:21:41.557
We'll put that link in the show notes
00:21:41.577 --> 00:21:44.179
so you don't miss the next installment.
00:21:44.400 --> 00:21:46.440
Until next time, keep operating.
00:21:49.342 --> 00:21:50.021
And I'll send you...