June 8, 2026
Why Trooping the Colour Is the Royal Family’s Most Important Public Event
Trooping the Colour is one of the oldest and most important traditions in the British monarchy, blending military ceremony, royal symbolism, and carefully choreographed public appearances. In this special explainer episode, we examine the history of Trooping the Colour, why the monarch celebrates an “official birthday,” how the Buckingham Palace balcony appearance became so important, and what the event reveals about the modern Royal Family.
We also explore the role of King Charles, Prince William, Princess Catherine, Prince George, Princess Charlotte, Prince Louis, Princess Anne, and the wider royal family — including how every appearance, absence, uniform and balcony position is interpreted around the world.
WEBVTT
1
00:00:00.200 --> 00:00:11.599
Ah calorogus shark media, Hello and welcome to Palace intrig
2
00:00:11.679 --> 00:00:14.279
I am your host, Mark Francis. There are very few
3
00:00:14.279 --> 00:00:17.199
moments left in modern public life when an entire nation
4
00:00:17.320 --> 00:00:22.039
still knowingly participates in ceremony, not entertainment pretending to be ceremony,
5
00:00:22.399 --> 00:00:28.039
not politics disguised as theater, actual ceremony rituals repeated over generations,
6
00:00:28.039 --> 00:00:30.399
with the understanding that the repetition itself is part of
7
00:00:30.440 --> 00:00:34.200
the point. Trooping the Colour is one of those moments.
8
00:00:35.200 --> 00:00:38.679
Every June, Central London fills with soldiers and scarlet tunics
9
00:00:38.679 --> 00:00:42.560
and bearskin hats. Cavalry units move through the streets on horseback,
10
00:00:43.119 --> 00:00:46.439
military bands perform with astonishing precision, and the Royal family
11
00:00:46.479 --> 00:00:51.119
eventually assembles on Buckingham Palace balcony while aircraft roar overhead.
12
00:00:52.119 --> 00:00:55.320
To many outside of Britain, it can appear faintly surreal,
13
00:00:55.520 --> 00:00:59.560
a mixture of military parade, royal pageant and historical re
14
00:00:59.719 --> 00:01:03.719
enact conducted with total seriousness by people who somehow never
15
00:01:03.719 --> 00:01:06.519
seem embarrassed by any of it, and yet Trooping the
16
00:01:06.560 --> 00:01:08.519
Color remains one of the most important events in the
17
00:01:08.599 --> 00:01:13.680
Royal calendar, partly because of tradition, partly because of symbolism,
18
00:01:13.680 --> 00:01:15.959
but increasingly because it functions as something close to the
19
00:01:16.000 --> 00:01:21.840
monarchy's annual family portrait. Every appearance matters, every absence matters,
20
00:01:22.159 --> 00:01:28.719
Every balcony position is scrutinized. The ceremony itself dates back centuries. Originally,
21
00:01:28.719 --> 00:01:31.920
the color referred to the regimental flag carried by British
22
00:01:32.000 --> 00:01:36.840
military units. On battlefields crowded with smoke, confusion, and noise,
23
00:01:37.239 --> 00:01:40.200
soldiers needed a visible point of reference to identify and
24
00:01:40.280 --> 00:01:44.799
regroup around their regiment before a battle. Officers would literally
25
00:01:44.920 --> 00:01:48.200
parade or troop the colors before the soldiers so they
26
00:01:48.239 --> 00:01:52.200
could recognize them in combat. Over time, the military exercise
27
00:01:52.239 --> 00:01:56.280
evolved into ceremonial tradition. By the eighteenth century, the event
28
00:01:56.319 --> 00:01:59.560
had become closely associated with the sovereign, and during the
29
00:01:59.560 --> 00:02:02.480
reign of King George the Second, it became linked formally
30
00:02:02.480 --> 00:02:06.120
with the monarch's official birthday celebration. That leads to one
31
00:02:06.120 --> 00:02:09.360
of the questions asked every year by confused Americans. Why
32
00:02:09.439 --> 00:02:12.719
does the king have two birthdays? King Charles was born
33
00:02:12.719 --> 00:02:15.080
in November, trooping the colour takes place in June. The
34
00:02:15.120 --> 00:02:18.919
answer is practical rather than mystical British weather in November
35
00:02:19.080 --> 00:02:22.560
is usually dreadful. Cold rain and royal pageantry have never
36
00:02:22.599 --> 00:02:27.199
been ideal companions. Monarch's gradually adopted an official birthday celebration
37
00:02:27.879 --> 00:02:30.520
during the summer months, when outdoor ceremony stood at least
38
00:02:30.520 --> 00:02:33.879
some chance of success. The tradition has continued ever since
39
00:02:34.919 --> 00:02:37.680
modern Trooping the Colour takes place on horse Guard's Parade
40
00:02:37.680 --> 00:02:40.039
in London, with a monarch inspecting the troops before the
41
00:02:40.080 --> 00:02:43.759
military procession moves through the city. For decades, Queen Elizabeth
42
00:02:43.759 --> 00:02:46.800
attended on horseback, projecting the sort of calm familiarity with
43
00:02:46.879 --> 00:02:50.120
military ritual that became one of the defining images of
44
00:02:50.159 --> 00:02:54.360
her reign. King Charles initially attempted to continue that tradition
45
00:02:54.439 --> 00:02:58.159
after becoming monarch, although questions surrounding his health and age
46
00:02:58.159 --> 00:03:02.479
have naturally led to greater use of care during major ceremonies.
47
00:03:02.879 --> 00:03:05.199
That transition itself tells a larger story about where the
48
00:03:05.199 --> 00:03:09.759
monarchy now finds itself. The institution is constantly balancing continuity
49
00:03:09.800 --> 00:03:14.479
with reality. It wants to project stability, permanence, and confidence,
50
00:03:14.520 --> 00:03:19.599
while simultaneously adapting to changing public expectations, changing health realities,
51
00:03:19.639 --> 00:03:21.840
and the unavoidable fact that the central figures of the
52
00:03:21.840 --> 00:03:25.240
monarchy are no longer young. Trooping the colour becomes one
53
00:03:25.240 --> 00:03:27.800
of the clearest stages on which all of those tensions
54
00:03:27.840 --> 00:03:31.080
play out, and nowhere is that more obvious than the
55
00:03:31.080 --> 00:03:35.919
Buckingham Palace balcony. The balcony appearance did not originally exist
56
00:03:36.000 --> 00:03:39.120
as the centerpiece people now imagine. In fact, it became
57
00:03:39.240 --> 00:03:43.240
especially significant during the twentieth century as mass media transformed
58
00:03:43.599 --> 00:03:48.639
royal visibility. Today, the balcony photograph effectively serves as the
59
00:03:48.639 --> 00:03:53.400
monarchy's annual status update. Who appears there tells the public
60
00:03:53.439 --> 00:03:56.960
who matters. Who does not appear tells the public just
61
00:03:57.000 --> 00:04:01.080
as much. Under Queen Elizabeth's balcony appearance sometimes included a
62
00:04:01.080 --> 00:04:04.039
broader range of family members. Under King Charles, the approach
63
00:04:04.039 --> 00:04:08.080
has become considerably tighter. The current preference appears to favor
64
00:04:08.159 --> 00:04:12.120
working royals only, meaning the core institutional figures, rather than
65
00:04:12.120 --> 00:04:15.759
the wider family network. That decision was widely interpreted as
66
00:04:15.800 --> 00:04:18.240
part of Charles's long discussed vision of a slimmer monarchy,
67
00:04:18.759 --> 00:04:22.000
which sounds tidy in theory until one remembers that royal
68
00:04:22.040 --> 00:04:24.920
families are still families with all the tensions, resentments, loyalties
69
00:04:24.920 --> 00:04:28.480
and awkwardness that entails as a result. Trooping the color
70
00:04:28.519 --> 00:04:31.079
has become one of the key annual moments where the
71
00:04:31.079 --> 00:04:33.680
public tries to read the emotional temperature of the House
72
00:04:33.720 --> 00:04:38.120
of windsor people examined photographs the way medieval courts once
73
00:04:38.160 --> 00:04:42.240
interpreted seating chants. Is Prince William standing close to the king?
74
00:04:42.519 --> 00:04:46.360
Does Catherine look healthy? George, Charlotte and Lewis relaxed? Which
75
00:04:46.399 --> 00:04:50.800
cousins were included? Which were excluded? Is Princess Anne riding horseback? Again?
76
00:04:51.120 --> 00:04:53.519
How visible is Queen Camilla? Is there any sign whatsoever
77
00:04:53.639 --> 00:04:57.199
reconciliation with Prince Harry. A tremendous amount of modern royal
78
00:04:57.199 --> 00:05:02.879
coverage now revolves around interpreting these tiny visual signals. And
79
00:05:02.959 --> 00:05:05.720
to be fair, the Palace understands perfectly well this is happening.
80
00:05:05.800 --> 00:05:09.240
Nothing about trooping the color is accidental. The uniforms, the
81
00:05:09.279 --> 00:05:13.000
carriage arrangements, the balcony positions, the order of arrival, even
82
00:05:13.000 --> 00:05:16.399
the pacing of the day itself is carefully managed. Symbolism
83
00:05:16.879 --> 00:05:19.519
is part of the job or palace in just a moment.
84
00:05:23.360 --> 00:05:25.920
The most fascinating thing about trooping the color may be
85
00:05:26.000 --> 00:05:30.720
how successfully it has survived enormous social change. Britain today
86
00:05:30.800 --> 00:05:33.800
is radically different from the Britain that first established these ceremonies.
87
00:05:33.879 --> 00:05:37.680
The empire has gone, public deferences weakened, the media environment
88
00:05:37.759 --> 00:05:40.439
is harsher, faster, and infinitely more invasive, and yet the
89
00:05:40.439 --> 00:05:44.399
ceremony still works. Not for everyone, certainly, there are plenty
90
00:05:44.399 --> 00:05:47.639
of people who find the entire exercise ridiculous, but even
91
00:05:47.639 --> 00:05:52.480
many critics acknowledge the spectacle itself remains extraordinarily effective. Part
92
00:05:52.519 --> 00:05:56.240
of that comes from scale. Britain still does ceremonial pageantry
93
00:05:56.319 --> 00:05:59.160
unusually well. Few countries can stage this sort of event
94
00:05:59.240 --> 00:06:04.040
with comparable historical depth and visual confidence. But another reason
95
00:06:04.120 --> 00:06:06.480
is that trooping the color now functions less as a
96
00:06:06.480 --> 00:06:11.839
celebration of monarchy's power and more's reassurance about continuity. The
97
00:06:11.879 --> 00:06:14.360
message is not really look how powerful the king is,
98
00:06:14.399 --> 00:06:19.360
the messages the institution continues. That distinction matters enormously in
99
00:06:19.480 --> 00:06:24.319
modern royal strategy. Queen Elizabeth understood this instinctively. The greatest
100
00:06:24.319 --> 00:06:27.480
public strength was consistency. She appeared year after year, performing
101
00:06:27.519 --> 00:06:32.439
the same constitutional role with almost unnerving steadiness. Trooping the
102
00:06:32.439 --> 00:06:35.360
Color became one of the annual rituals reinforcing that image. Now,
103
00:06:35.439 --> 00:06:38.639
King Charles faces a different challenge. He inherited the throne
104
00:06:38.680 --> 00:06:41.680
at an older age, during a more unstable media environment,
105
00:06:42.040 --> 00:06:46.079
and amid continuing fractures within the family itself. As a result,
106
00:06:46.120 --> 00:06:50.480
every major royal appearance now carries additional pressure, and nowhere
107
00:06:50.519 --> 00:06:53.360
is that pressure more visible than in the appearances of
108
00:06:53.399 --> 00:06:57.360
the Wales's family. Prince George, Princes Charlotte, Prince Lewis becomes
109
00:06:57.360 --> 00:07:00.399
central attractions during trooping the Colour, partly because of public
110
00:07:00.399 --> 00:07:03.120
and joys seeing children behave like children amid all the
111
00:07:03.160 --> 00:07:07.879
military precision and constitutional seriousness. Lewis in particular has becomes
112
00:07:07.879 --> 00:07:10.920
something of an annual scene stealer thanks to his facial expressions,
113
00:07:11.279 --> 00:07:14.639
reactions to aircraft flyovers, and general refusal to behave like
114
00:07:14.680 --> 00:07:19.120
a miniature courtier. The Palace almost certainly understands the value
115
00:07:19.120 --> 00:07:22.519
of those moments. They humanize an institution that can otherwise
116
00:07:22.519 --> 00:07:26.279
feel remote and overly choreographed. At the same time, however,
117
00:07:26.279 --> 00:07:29.040
the Whales's children also serve a much deeper symbolic purpose.
118
00:07:29.399 --> 00:07:33.040
They represent succession made visible. One sees the king and then
119
00:07:33.000 --> 00:07:35.680
the Prince of Wales and Prince George standing beside him.
120
00:07:35.720 --> 00:07:39.120
The future of the monarchy becomes tangible in a single image,
121
00:07:39.560 --> 00:07:41.279
and that has always been the part of the power
122
00:07:41.279 --> 00:07:46.399
of royal ceremony. It transforms abstract constitutional ideas into recognizable
123
00:07:46.480 --> 00:07:50.439
human continuity. Triping the colour also reveals something important about
124
00:07:50.439 --> 00:07:54.079
the royal family's relationship with the military. Britain's monarchy remains
125
00:07:54.160 --> 00:07:58.160
deeply intertwined with the armed forces through honorary military appointments,
126
00:07:58.199 --> 00:08:03.079
ceremonial leadership, and long stand historical tradition. Princess Anne's role
127
00:08:03.120 --> 00:08:06.560
in the ceremony often receives particular admiration because of her
128
00:08:06.639 --> 00:08:11.199
reputation for discipline, competence, and professionalism. She tends to approach
129
00:08:11.240 --> 00:08:15.360
these events less like celebrity appearances and more like operational responsibilities.
130
00:08:16.360 --> 00:08:20.319
Prince William's military background similarly strengthens his role within Trooping.
131
00:08:20.720 --> 00:08:23.360
These associations matter because they help anchor the monarchy to
132
00:08:23.439 --> 00:08:27.680
institutions beyond celebrity culture. The Palace has spent years trying
133
00:08:27.680 --> 00:08:29.959
to prevent the royal family from drifting entirely into the
134
00:08:30.040 --> 00:08:34.080
territory of entertainment figures. Ceremonies like Trooping the Color reinforce
135
00:08:34.360 --> 00:08:37.799
the constitutional and military dimensions of monarchy, rather than merely
136
00:08:37.919 --> 00:08:41.960
the glamorous ones. At the same time, however, modern celebrity
137
00:08:41.960 --> 00:08:46.519
culture inevitably surrounds the event anyway. Fashion coverage follows Catherine closely,
138
00:08:46.639 --> 00:08:51.320
balcony moments become instant, social media eclips, television broadcasts increasingly
139
00:08:51.320 --> 00:08:56.799
focus on personalities rather than military detail. The monarchy simultaneously
140
00:08:56.840 --> 00:09:01.120
resists celebrity culture and depends upon it. That contradiction may
141
00:09:01.159 --> 00:09:04.559
define modern royal life more than anything else, and perhaps
142
00:09:04.600 --> 00:09:08.840
that is why Tripping the Color remains so compelling even now.
143
00:09:08.919 --> 00:09:12.559
On paper, it is an eighteenth century military ceremony attached
144
00:09:12.600 --> 00:09:16.720
to a sovereign's symbolic birthday celebration. In practice, it has
145
00:09:16.759 --> 00:09:20.960
become something far more complicated, part state occasion, part family drama,
146
00:09:21.240 --> 00:09:25.519
part national ritual, and part global media event. Every year,
147
00:09:25.639 --> 00:09:28.720
the ceremony attempts to project order, continuity, and confidence on
148
00:09:28.759 --> 00:09:32.159
behalf of the monarchy. Every year, the public searches the
149
00:09:32.200 --> 00:09:35.720
images for science of change, and every year, for a
150
00:09:35.759 --> 00:09:39.600
few carefully choreographed hours in June, the royal family once
151
00:09:39.600 --> 00:09:42.039
again become the center of one of the strangest and
152
00:09:42.120 --> 00:09:47.000
most enduring spectacles anywhere in public life and there you
153
00:09:47.039 --> 00:09:50.240
have it all. This month, we are encouraging listeners of
154
00:09:50.279 --> 00:09:53.480
Pallace Intrigued to help spread the word. If you enjoy
155
00:09:53.480 --> 00:09:55.879
the show, tell a friend about us, or, better yet,
156
00:09:55.879 --> 00:09:58.399
share an episode with someone who loves following the royal family.
157
00:09:58.919 --> 00:10:02.320
Be sure to follow Palace Intrigue on Spotify and turn
158
00:10:02.360 --> 00:10:05.919
on notifications so you never miss an episode. And we'd
159
00:10:05.960 --> 00:10:08.200
love to hear your thoughts on today's show. You can
160
00:10:08.279 --> 00:10:12.480
leave comments on Spotify. I'm my Francis my thanks to
161
00:10:12.559 --> 00:10:16.480
John McDermott. This is Palace Intrigue and good Times
1
00:00:00.200 --> 00:00:11.599
2
00:00:11.679 --> 00:00:14.279
3
00:00:14.279 --> 00:00:17.199
4
00:00:17.320 --> 00:00:22.039
5
00:00:22.399 --> 00:00:28.039
6
00:00:28.039 --> 00:00:30.399
7
00:00:30.440 --> 00:00:34.200
8
00:00:35.200 --> 00:00:38.679
9
00:00:38.679 --> 00:00:42.560
10
00:00:43.119 --> 00:00:46.439
11
00:00:46.479 --> 00:00:51.119
12
00:00:52.119 --> 00:00:55.320
13
00:00:55.520 --> 00:00:59.560
14
00:00:59.719 --> 00:01:03.719
15
00:01:03.719 --> 00:01:06.519
16
00:01:06.560 --> 00:01:08.519
17
00:01:08.599 --> 00:01:13.680
18
00:01:13.680 --> 00:01:15.959
19
00:01:16.000 --> 00:01:21.840
20
00:01:22.159 --> 00:01:28.719
21
00:01:28.719 --> 00:01:31.920
22
00:01:32.000 --> 00:01:36.840
23
00:01:37.239 --> 00:01:40.200
24
00:01:40.280 --> 00:01:44.799
25
00:01:44.920 --> 00:01:48.200
26
00:01:48.239 --> 00:01:52.200
27
00:01:52.239 --> 00:01:56.280
28
00:01:56.319 --> 00:01:59.560
29
00:01:59.560 --> 00:02:02.480
30
00:02:02.480 --> 00:02:06.120
31
00:02:06.120 --> 00:02:09.360
32
00:02:09.439 --> 00:02:12.719
33
00:02:12.719 --> 00:02:15.080
34
00:02:15.120 --> 00:02:18.919
35
00:02:19.080 --> 00:02:22.560
36
00:02:22.599 --> 00:02:27.199
37
00:02:27.879 --> 00:02:30.520
38
00:02:30.520 --> 00:02:33.879
39
00:02:34.919 --> 00:02:37.680
40
00:02:37.680 --> 00:02:40.039
41
00:02:40.080 --> 00:02:43.759
42
00:02:43.759 --> 00:02:46.800
43
00:02:46.879 --> 00:02:50.120
44
00:02:50.159 --> 00:02:54.360
45
00:02:54.439 --> 00:02:58.159
46
00:02:58.159 --> 00:03:02.479
47
00:03:02.879 --> 00:03:05.199
48
00:03:05.199 --> 00:03:09.759
49
00:03:09.800 --> 00:03:14.479
50
00:03:14.520 --> 00:03:19.599
51
00:03:19.639 --> 00:03:21.840
52
00:03:21.840 --> 00:03:25.240
53
00:03:25.240 --> 00:03:27.800
54
00:03:27.840 --> 00:03:31.080
55
00:03:31.080 --> 00:03:35.919
56
00:03:36.000 --> 00:03:39.120
57
00:03:39.240 --> 00:03:43.240
58
00:03:43.599 --> 00:03:48.639
59
00:03:48.639 --> 00:03:53.400
60
00:03:53.439 --> 00:03:56.960
61
00:03:57.000 --> 00:04:01.080
62
00:04:01.080 --> 00:04:04.039
63
00:04:04.039 --> 00:04:08.080
64
00:04:08.159 --> 00:04:12.120
65
00:04:12.120 --> 00:04:15.759
66
00:04:15.800 --> 00:04:18.240
67
00:04:18.759 --> 00:04:22.000
68
00:04:22.040 --> 00:04:24.920
69
00:04:24.920 --> 00:04:28.480
70
00:04:28.519 --> 00:04:31.079
71
00:04:31.079 --> 00:04:33.680
72
00:04:33.720 --> 00:04:38.120
73
00:04:38.160 --> 00:04:42.240
74
00:04:42.519 --> 00:04:46.360
75
00:04:46.399 --> 00:04:50.800
76
00:04:51.120 --> 00:04:53.519
77
00:04:53.639 --> 00:04:57.199
78
00:04:57.199 --> 00:05:02.879
79
00:05:02.959 --> 00:05:05.720
80
00:05:05.800 --> 00:05:09.240
81
00:05:09.279 --> 00:05:13.000
82
00:05:13.000 --> 00:05:16.399
83
00:05:16.879 --> 00:05:19.519
84
00:05:23.360 --> 00:05:25.920
85
00:05:26.000 --> 00:05:30.720
86
00:05:30.800 --> 00:05:33.800
87
00:05:33.879 --> 00:05:37.680
88
00:05:37.759 --> 00:05:40.439
89
00:05:40.439 --> 00:05:44.399
90
00:05:44.399 --> 00:05:47.639
91
00:05:47.639 --> 00:05:52.480
92
00:05:52.519 --> 00:05:56.240
93
00:05:56.319 --> 00:05:59.160
94
00:05:59.240 --> 00:06:04.040
95
00:06:04.120 --> 00:06:06.480
96
00:06:06.480 --> 00:06:11.839
97
00:06:11.879 --> 00:06:14.360
98
00:06:14.399 --> 00:06:19.360
99
00:06:19.480 --> 00:06:24.319
100
00:06:24.319 --> 00:06:27.480
101
00:06:27.519 --> 00:06:32.439
102
00:06:32.439 --> 00:06:35.360
103
00:06:35.439 --> 00:06:38.639
104
00:06:38.680 --> 00:06:41.680
105
00:06:42.040 --> 00:06:46.079
106
00:06:46.120 --> 00:06:50.480
107
00:06:50.519 --> 00:06:53.360
108
00:06:53.399 --> 00:06:57.360
109
00:06:57.360 --> 00:07:00.399
110
00:07:00.399 --> 00:07:03.120
111
00:07:03.160 --> 00:07:07.879
112
00:07:07.879 --> 00:07:10.920
113
00:07:11.279 --> 00:07:14.639
114
00:07:14.680 --> 00:07:19.120
115
00:07:19.120 --> 00:07:22.519
116
00:07:22.519 --> 00:07:26.279
117
00:07:26.279 --> 00:07:29.040
118
00:07:29.399 --> 00:07:33.040
119
00:07:33.000 --> 00:07:35.680
120
00:07:35.720 --> 00:07:39.120
121
00:07:39.560 --> 00:07:41.279
122
00:07:41.279 --> 00:07:46.399
123
00:07:46.480 --> 00:07:50.439
124
00:07:50.439 --> 00:07:54.079
125
00:07:54.160 --> 00:07:58.160
126
00:07:58.199 --> 00:08:03.079
127
00:08:03.120 --> 00:08:06.560
128
00:08:06.639 --> 00:08:11.199
129
00:08:11.240 --> 00:08:15.360
130
00:08:16.360 --> 00:08:20.319
131
00:08:20.720 --> 00:08:23.360
132
00:08:23.439 --> 00:08:27.680
133
00:08:27.680 --> 00:08:29.959
134
00:08:30.040 --> 00:08:34.080
135
00:08:34.360 --> 00:08:37.799
136
00:08:37.919 --> 00:08:41.960
137
00:08:41.960 --> 00:08:46.519
138
00:08:46.639 --> 00:08:51.320
139
00:08:51.320 --> 00:08:56.799
140
00:08:56.840 --> 00:09:01.120
141
00:09:01.159 --> 00:09:04.559
142
00:09:04.600 --> 00:09:08.840
143
00:09:08.919 --> 00:09:12.559
144
00:09:12.600 --> 00:09:16.720
145
00:09:16.759 --> 00:09:20.960
146
00:09:21.240 --> 00:09:25.519
147
00:09:25.639 --> 00:09:28.720
148
00:09:28.759 --> 00:09:32.159
149
00:09:32.200 --> 00:09:35.720
150
00:09:35.759 --> 00:09:39.600
151
00:09:39.600 --> 00:09:42.039
152
00:09:42.120 --> 00:09:47.000
153
00:09:47.039 --> 00:09:50.240
154
00:09:50.279 --> 00:09:53.480
155
00:09:53.480 --> 00:09:55.879
156
00:09:55.879 --> 00:09:58.399
157
00:09:58.919 --> 00:10:02.320
158
00:10:02.360 --> 00:10:05.919
159
00:10:05.960 --> 00:10:08.200
160
00:10:08.279 --> 00:10:12.480
161
00:10:12.559 --> 00:10:16.480
