Spacecraft Drama, Galactic Neighborhoods, and the Push for a Circular Space Economy

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Avery: Hello, and welcome to Astronomy Daily, the

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podcast that brings you the biggest news from

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across the cosmos. I'm Avery, and as always,

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I'm joined by the brilliant Anna.

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Anna: Hi, Avery. And hello to all our listeners.

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We have a packed show today covering

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everything from drama in low Earth orbit

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to the ancient history of Mars.

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Avery: It's going to be a great one.

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Let's start with a story that sounds like

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something out of a movie. A damaged

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spacecraft making an emergency return to

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Earth.

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Anna: That's right. We're talking about China's

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Shenzhou 20 spacecraft. It was

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up at the Tiangong Space Station,

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but it's now being sent back to Earth

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uncrewed after sustaining some damage.

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Avery: Damage from what? This is the scary

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part of space travel.

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Anna: The suspected culprit is a

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micrometeoroid estimated to be smaller

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than 1 millimeter. It appears to have caused

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a crack in the window of the return capsule.

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Avery: Wow. Less than 1 millimeter. It's

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amazing how something so tiny can be such a

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huge threat at orbital velocities. So

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what happened to the crew?

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Anna: Well, this is where the safety protocols

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really shine. The crew was forced to return

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to Earth on a different vessel, the Shenzhou

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UH19, which was docked

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as a lifeboat. This is actually a first for

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China space program having to use a backup

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ride home like this.

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Avery: That's a testament to good planning. So now

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they're bringing the damaged capsule back on

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its own to figure out exactly what happened.

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Anna: Exactly. The uncrewed return will

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allow engineers to inspect the damage up

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close. It's a critical learning opportunity

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for understanding the real world risks of

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orbital debris and micrometeoroids.

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Avery: Absolutely.

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Now, from the dangers in our cosmic

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neighborhood, let's zoom way out

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to look at how a galaxy's neighborhood

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shapes its entire life.

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Anna: Right. This comes from a huge project

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called the Deep Extragalactic Visible

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Legacy Survey, or DEVELS for short.

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Avery: Gotta love the acronyms. So what did the

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Devils survey find?

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Anna: It confirmed something astronomers have long

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that a galaxy's local environment, its

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neighborhood, has a huge impact on its

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evolution.

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Avery: So it's cosmic real estate. Location,

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location, location, pretty much.

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Anna: The data shows that galaxies in more crowded

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environments, like dense galaxy clusters,

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have much slower star forming rates compared

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to their more isolated cousins out in the

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cosmic voids.

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Avery: That makes sense. In a crowded cluster, there

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are more gravitational interactions, more

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mergers and processes like radio

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ram pressure stripping. Where a, uh, galaxy's

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star forming gas can be torn away as it moves

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through the cluster.

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Anna: That's the leading theory. And this new data

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release from doubles provides some of the

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strongest evidence yet to back it up, it

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helps us understand why some galaxies are

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vibrant and full of new stars, while

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others are old, red and um, retired.

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Avery: It's cosmic evolution in action. The

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Devils survey is essentially creating a

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census of these different galactic

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lifestyles, helping us piece together the

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complete life cycle of galaxies across the

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universe.

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Anna: A fascinating study indeed.

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Avery: Speaking of crowded environments, things are

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getting very busy right here at home. This

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week is absolutely jam packed with launches.

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Anna: It really is. There are 10

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orbital launches on the calendar. Let's

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run through the highlights.

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Avery: Leading the charge as usual is SpaceX.

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They have a staggering five Starlink

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deployment missions scheduled for this week

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alone. The the Internet constellation just

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keeps growing.

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Anna: Then over in French Guiana,

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Arianespace is set to launch South Korea's

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COMSAT 7 satellite, which is a

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very high resolution Earth observation

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satellite. Mhm.

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Avery: And don't forget Rocket Lab. They're

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launching from New Zealand carrying the RAISE

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4 demonstrator satellite for JAXA, the

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Japanese Space agency.

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Anna: And speaking of Japan, their own

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new heavy lift rocket, the H3

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is slated to launch a crucial N

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satellite for their national GPS system.

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Plus China has two of their own launches

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scheduled. It's non stop.

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Avery: That uh, H3 rocket launch for Japan is

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particularly significant, isn't it? They've

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had a few setbacks with that program.

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Anna: It is. The H3 is Japan's

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next generation flagship rocket, designed

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to be more affordable and flexible than its

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predecessor. A successful launch is crucial

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for securing Japan's independent access to

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space and for competing in the commercial

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launch market. This mission will be a major

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test of its capabilities and reliability

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after a failure on its debut flight.

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Avery: And um, the COMSAT 7 for South Korea, what's

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its primary role?

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Anna: COMSAT 7 is a powerful reconnaissance

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satellite. With its very high resolution

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imaging, it can be used for national

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security, disaster monitoring and

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managing natural resources. It's part of a

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growing trend of nations developing their own

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advanced Earth observation capabilities.

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Avery: It really shows you the current pace of the

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global space industry.

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Okay, from low Earth orbit, let's journey to

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a place that was once much more active. The

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surface of Mars.

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Anna: This is one of my favorite stories this week.

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A new study has produced an Incredible

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map of 16 massive ancient

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river drainage systems on Mars.

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Avery: 16 separate systems. Are we talking about

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small streams here?

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Anna: Not at all. The study says these systems

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are similar in scale to some of the large

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drainage basins we see on Earth. And

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get this combined, these 16

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systems transported nearly half of all the

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sediment that was ever moved by rowers on

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Mars. They were enormous.

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Avery: Half of all the sediment. That's mind

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Boggling. It paints a picture of a very

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different, very wet ancient Mars.

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And I assume this has big implications for

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the search for life.

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Anna: Absolutely. The researchers identified these

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locations as extremely promising places to

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search for signs of past Martian life. If

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life ever existed on Mars. These ancient

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water carved riverbeds and deltas are some

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of the best places we could possibly look for

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evidence.

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Avery: It's incredible to think about how they piece

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this together. How do they map rivers that

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dried up billions of years ago?

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Anna: They use high resolution topographic data

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from orbiters like the Mars Reconnaissance

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Orbiter. Scientists can trace the faint

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outlines of river channels, deltas, and

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alluvial fans carved into the landscape.

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By analyzing the geology and the

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mineralogy, looking for clays and

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carbonates that typically form in water, they

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can confirm these were indeed liquid water

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environments. It's like planetary scale

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archaeology.

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Avery: And if we do center over there, what kind of

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biosignatures would they look for? Not

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fossils, I imagine.

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Anna: Probably not complex fossils. They'd be

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searching for chemical biosignatures,

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specific organic molecules or isotopic

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ratios that are difficult to explain through

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non biological processes. Finding

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preserved microbial mats or

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stromatolite like structures would be the

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absolute jackpot. But chemical traces are

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a more likely target.

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Avery: Well, let's hope a future rover gets to visit

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one of those spots. Okay.

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While Mars's water is long gone, our own

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star is incredibly active right now.

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Anna: That's an understatement. The sun

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just unleashed a powerful X 1.9

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class solar flare.

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Avery: And as a reminder for everyone, X class

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flares are the biggest and most energetic

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category. This was a major event.

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Anna: It was. It erupted from a newly

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emerged sunspot region and caused a

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strong shortwave rain radio blackout over

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Australia and the surrounding region.

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Avery: But that's not even the main event, is it?

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Uh, there's something bigger on the horizon.

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Anna: Correct. The sunspot region that caused this

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flare is concerning. But an even larger

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and more complex region is now rotating

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into an Earth facing position. This is the

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very same sunspot that was responsible for

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the powerful flares and incredible

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aurora displays we saw last month.

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Avery: So space weather forecasters are watching

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it very, very closely. We could be in for

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another active period.

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Anna: Indeed. And it's important to remember

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the potential impact. A strong

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Earth directed coronal mass ejection, which

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often accompanies these big flares, could

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disrupt our power grids, damage satellites,

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and interfere with GPS and communications.

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We're far more technologically dependent now

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than we were during the last major solar

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maximum.

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Avery: So this isn't just about pretty auroras.

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There's a real need for accurate space

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weather forecasting to protect our

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infrastructure.

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Anna: Exactly. Agencies like

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NOAA's Space Weather Prediction center work

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around the clock to monitor the sun. Their

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warnings give satellite operators time to put

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their spacecraft into safe modes and utility

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companies time to prepare their grids for

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potential geomagnetic disturbances. It's a

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critical and often unseen, um, line of

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defense.

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Avery: Definitely.

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Now all this activity we've discussed, the

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launches, the satellites, the debris,

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it all leads into our final story, which is

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about finding a sustainable way to

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operate in space.

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Anna: Right. The growing problem of space

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debris. What's the new idea for tackling it?

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Avery: Experts are strongly advocating for what they

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call a circular space economy.

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The ide is to move away from the traditional

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model of launching something, using

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it and then abandoning it in orbit.

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Anna: So it's about applying the principles of

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recycling and reuse that we talk about on um,

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Earth. But in orbit.

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Avery: Exactly. This means designing satellites

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and spacecraft for durability, for

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easier repair, and for potential reuse

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or recycling of their components. It also

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involves creating multi purpose space

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stations that can serve as in orbit, repair

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and refueling depots, and developing

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technologies to actively go and recover

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existing debris.

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Anna: It's a huge but necessary shift in

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mindset. If we want space to remain

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accessible for future generations, we

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can't keep treating it like an infinite

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resource.

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Avery: That's the core of the argument. It's about

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building a sustainable future, not just for

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Earth, but for our activities beyond.

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Anna: Seems like a monumental task. Are

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there companies actively working on this

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technology now or is it still mostly

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theoretical?

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Avery: Oh, it's very much moving from theory to

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practice. You have companies like Astroscale

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developing satellites designed to capture and

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deorbit space debris. Others are working on

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robotic arms for in orbit servicing to

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repair and refuel existing satellites,

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extending their operational lives. Even

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NASA is investing in technologies for in

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space manufacturing and assembly, which

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reduces the need to launch massive

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monolithic structures from Earth.

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Anna: So the building blocks are being put in

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place. It's not just about cleaning up the

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mess, but also about building smarter from

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the start.

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Avery: That's the fundamental shift. Sustainability

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have to be part of the design process from

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day one. It's an investment that will pay off

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by ensuring that the opportunities of space

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remain available for the long term.

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Anna: I couldn't have said it better.

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Avery: A uh, perfect note to end on. And that is all

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the time we have for today's journey through

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the latest in space and astronomy.

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Anna: From near Earth challenges to the grand scale

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of the universe, there's always something new

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to discover. Thank you for tuning in.

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Avery: I'm Avery.

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Anna: And I'm Anna. Join us tomorrow for another

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episode of Astronomy Daily. Until then,

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clear skies, everyone. And keep looking up.

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Avery: Sam.