Gilmour Space's Historic Launch Attempt, NASA's Collaborative Moon Missions, and the Far Side Telescope

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Anna: Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your

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daily dose of the latest and most exciting

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news from across the cosmos. I'm

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Anna.

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Avery: And I'm Avery. We are so glad to have you

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join us as we dive deep into the fascinating world

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of space and astronomy. There's always something

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incredible happening out there, and we're here to break it

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all down for you.

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Anna: Today we're covering everything from a

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historic, yet brief rocket launch in Australia

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to NASA's latest lunar mission contracts

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and an exciting new radio telescope

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preparing for its journey to the moon's far side.

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Avery: Plus, we'll get an update on SpaceX's

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Starship as it gears up for its 10th flight.

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So get ready to explore the universe with us.

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Anna: Kicking off our news, we have an update from

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Australia, where Gilmour Space made a

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historic attempt at their first orbital launch.

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On July 29, their Eris rocket

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lifted off from the Bowen Orbital Spaceport

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in Queensland, marking Australia's first

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homegrown orbital launch attempt in over

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50 years.

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Avery: That's a huge milestone for Australia's space industry.

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Even though the launch didn't go as planned, just

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14 seconds after liftoff, the Eris

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rocket began sliding sideways and crashed back to

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Earth. It sounds reminiscent of Astra's

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third orbital launch attempt back in 2021,

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which also had a similar side slide.

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Anna: Exactly. It's a tough break for a debut,

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but Gilmour Space is maintaining an incredibly

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optimistic outlook. They shared on X,

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formerly Twitter that ERIS became the first

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Australian made orbital rocket to launch from

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Australian soil, achieving 14 seconds

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of flight and a 23 second engine

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burn. They called it a big step for launch capability,

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confirming their team was safe, data was in

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hand and their eyes are already on test

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flight two.

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Avery: It really highlights the fail, fast, learn

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faster mantra of the space industry. Gilmour

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Space CEO Adam Gilmour emphasized that every

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second of flight will deliver valuable data that will

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improve our rocket's reliability and performance for

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future launches. He also stated that getting off the

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pad and into flight is a huge step forward for

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any new rocket program, proving that much of what they've

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built works. It's fantastic that there were no

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injuries or adverse environmental impacts.

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This launch has been a long time coming for them. Gilmour

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Space, based on Australia's Gold coast, initially

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aimed for a March launch, but that was scuttled by

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Tropical Cyclone Alfred. Then a, uh, mid

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May attempt was foiled by a technical issue where

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Aris's payload fairing unexpectedly popped off

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while the rocket was on the pad. Oh wow.

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A power surge caused by electrical backfeed from

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downstream devices was the culprit there. After

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fixing that, they geared up for late June, but

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strong winds at the spaceport, which Gilmore Space

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operates, pushed it back further. It seems like

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a combination of weather and technical glitches kept pushing

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the date until they finally got off the ground.

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Anna: It truly was a testament to their persistence.

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The company founded by Adam and James

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Gilmore in 2015 and aims to

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make Australia a major player in spaceflight.

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Eris, their 82 foot tall

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rocket, is designed to launch payloads of up

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to £474 to

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Sun Synchronous orbit.

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Avery: And it's not just rockets. The company also built

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satellites. Their Alarisat spacecraft bus

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had its first launch just last month on SpaceX's

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Transporter 14 mission, carrying in instruments

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for CSIRO, Australia's national science

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agency, to monitor water quality. So

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while the ERIS launch didn't fully succeed, this time it's

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clear Gilmour Space is a significant and growing force

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in the Australian space sector.

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Anna: Next up, let's turn our attention to some

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exciting news from NASA and their

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ongoing Artemis campaign, which is all about

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exploring more of the moon than ever before.

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NASA has recently awarded a substantial contract

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to Firefly Aerospace, based in Cedar

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Park, Texas.

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Avery: It's a big step, and what's particularly

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noteworthy about this delivery is that it's the first

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time NASA will use multiple rovers

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and a variety of stationary instruments in a

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truly collaborative effort. They're working with the

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Canadian Space Agency, or csa,

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and the University of Bern in Switzerland.

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Anna: It's a big step and what's particularly

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noteworthy about this delivery is that it's the first

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time NASA will use multiple rovers and a

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variety of stationary instruments in a truly

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collaborative effort. They're working with the Canadian

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Space Agency, or csa, and the

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University of Bern in Switzerland.

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The primary goal is to gain a deeper

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understanding of the chemical composition of the

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lunar South Pole region. The this area is

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of high interest due to the potential for using

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resources available in its permanently

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shadowed regions which are thought to hold

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water ice. Joel Kearns,

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NASA's Deputy Associate Administrator for

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exploration, highlighted that CLPS

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is embracing a new era of lunar

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exploration, with commercial companies like

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Firefly leading the way. These

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investigations are crucial for developing the

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knowledge needed for long term sustainability

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on.

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Avery: The Moon, and the instruments they'll be carrying

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are fascinating. One of the rovers is

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Moon Ranger, an autonomous micro rover

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developed by NASA's Ames Research center and

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Carnegie Mellon University, which will explore the

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lunar surface and study hydrogen bearing

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volatiles with its neutron spectrometer system.

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Anna: Then there are the STEREO cameras for lunar

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plume surface studies, designed to capture the

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impact of the rocket exhaust plume and as the

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lander descends, Helping us predict lunar

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regolith erosion. We'll also see a

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laser retroreflector array, A passive

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instrument that will serve As a permanent location marker

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for decades.

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Avery: The CSA rover is also part of this mission,

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Specifically designed to access and explore

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Remote south pole areas, including those

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permanently shadowed regions. It's built to

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survive at least one lunar night and

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carrying a suite of instruments like stereo cameras,

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A neutron spectrometer, and the thermal

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imaging radiometer to understand the lunar surface,

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Geological history, and potential resources

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like water ice. And finally, the University

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of Bern Is contributing A laser ionization

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mass spectrometer. This instrument will

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analyze the element and isotope composition of lunar

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regolith Using a robotic arm and

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titanium shovel to excavate samples.

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It'll give us grain by grain analyses to understand

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the chemical complexity of the landing site and

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the moon's evolution. It's a comprehensive set

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of tools Aimed at unlocking the secrets of the lunar.

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Anna: South pole from potential lunar resources.

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Let's shift our focus to an ambitious scientific

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endeavor Listening to the very early

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universe. The lunar surface

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electromagnetics experiment

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radio telescope project has reached a major

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milestone and is now ready for testing.

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Avery: This is incredibly exciting, Anna. Uh, this

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project plans to deploy A radio telescope on

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the moon's far side by 2026.

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The unique advantage of the moon's far side Is that

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it's completely shielded from earth's radio noise,

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which constantly interferes with ground based

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telescopes.

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Anna: That isolation is key, isn't it? It

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allows Lucy Knight to search for incredibly faint

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signals from the early universe, Specifically

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the coveted dark ages signal. This

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signal originates from a time when the universe was

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only about 380,000 years old,

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long before the first stars and planets had even

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formed. Earth's radio interference

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Typically drowns out this specific signal,

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Making a far side lunar telescope an ideal

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location.

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Avery: Absolutely. But as appealing as the far

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side is for its radio quietness, it

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presents immense engineering challenges.

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Any equipment sent there has to contend with an

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incredibly harsh environment. We're talking about

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massive amounts of radiation and extreme

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temperature swings.

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Anna: And when we say extreme, we mean it.

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Temperatures can drop to

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-173 degrees Celsius

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during the 14 day lunar night and

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soar to 173 degrees

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Celsius during the 14 day lunar day.

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This day night cycle also means that if the

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system relies on solar panels, it needs to

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power itself for two weeks without recharging.

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Avery: That's where the design gets intricate. A

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significant portion of the telescope's weight, about

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50kg is dedicated solely to

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its battery to ensure it can last through two

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weeks without sunlight. Beyond power,

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thermal management is another huge hurdle.

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UC Berkeley designed a specialized heat pipe system

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that transfers heat generated by solar

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radiation and the instruments to a

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radiator, which then releases that heat into

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space.

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Anna: They also incorporated a series of thermal

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switches to control the internal temperature and

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turn subsystems on and off as needed

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to maintain thermal stability. What's

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particularly ambitious about Lucy E.

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Knight is its objective to collect data

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100% of the time, which demands a

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complex melding of power and thermal management.

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Avery: It truly is. While collecting Dark

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Age data is a significant goal,

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Lucy II primary mission is actually

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a technology demonstration. It's

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designed to prove that radio telescopes can not

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only survive, but also viably collect data

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on the far side of the Moon for more than just a

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few days. The plan is for it to collect data for

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over two years. If successful, it

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will pave the way for even more powerful radio

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telescopes in this uniquely quiet region of

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space.

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Anna: From the quiet far side of the Moon let's

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now turn our attention back to Earth, or

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rather just above it, with some news from

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SpaceX. They've recently moved their Starship

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vehicle to the launch pad for testing, ahead of what's

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expected to be its 10th flight.

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Avery: That's right, Anna. This is a big step for the

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ambitious program. Flight 10 is anticipated to

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take place next month. Month from SpaceX's Starbase

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site in South Texas, the Starship Upper

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Stage, which stands at 171ft

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tall, was documented making its journey to the

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pad in photos shared by SpaceX.

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Anna: Elon Musk initially hinted at a launch in

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about three weeks back on July 14,

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and his most recent update points to next

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month. So we're definitely nearing another launch attempt.

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SpaceX is developing Starship as the largest

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and most powerful rocket ever built, with

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the ultimate goal of helping humanity colonize

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Mars and undertaking other significant

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exploration feats.

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Avery: This vehicle is quite a marvel, consisting of

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two fully reusable elements, the giant Super

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Heavy Booster and the Upper Stage

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spacecraft, often referred to simply as Ship.

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While the Super Heavy Booster has shown remarkable

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success in its recent flights, even demonstrating

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the chopstick catch by the launch tower, the Ship

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Upper Stage has faced its share of challenges.

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Anna: Indeed, SpaceX lost the ship vehicle on the

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three most recent Starship flights, which took place

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in January, March and May of this year.

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They've been diligently working through issues, including

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a rapid unscheduled disassembly of a previous

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ship variant on a test stand in

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June, which was traced to a pressurized

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nitrogen tank failure, it's clear

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they're learning.

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Avery: And adapting with each test. Despite these

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setbacks, the drive behind Starship remains

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focused on its grand vision, its enabling

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routine, fully reusable spaceflight to

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make Mars settlement economically feasible.

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All eyes will certainly be on Flight 10 to see how these

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ongoing improvements play out.

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Anna: And that brings us to the end of another fascinating

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episode of Astronomy Daily. We've covered

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quite a range of stories today, from the challenges

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of Australia's first orbital rocket launch attempt

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with Gilmour Space's Eris to

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NASA's significant new contract with Firefly

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Aerospace for lunar deliveries.

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Avery: Yes, and we also looked at the incredible

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potential of the Lucy E. Night radio

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telescope preparing for its journey to the moon's

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far side, hoping to unlock secrets

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from the universe's dark ages. And then,

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of course, the continuous development and testing of

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SpaceX's mighty Starship as it inches

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closer to its ambitious goals.

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Anna: It's been a packed episode, full of the latest

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advancements, some setbacks, and

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incredible leaps in space and astronomy.

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There's always so much happening in the cosmos, and

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if you'd like to keep across even more space and

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astronomy news, just visit our

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website@astronomydaily.IO

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Absolutely.

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Avery: Thank you so much for joining us on Astronomy Daily.

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We love sharing these updates with you.

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Anna: Be sure to tune in again tomorrow for more exciting space

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and astronomy news. Until then, keep looking

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up

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the.

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Avery: Story.