Earthquake-Tracking Satellites, Space Tourism Updates, and Unveiling the Cosmic Dawn

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Steve Dunkley: Hello, everybody. Welcome back. It's Steve here for another episode of

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astronomy daily. It's the 16th of June,

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2025.

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Voice Over Guy: With. Your host, Steve Dunkley.

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Steve Dunkley: Ah, uh, that's right. And getting straight into it here is

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Hallie. Once again. Nice to have you back, Hallie.

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Hallie: Always great to be here, my favorite human.

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Steve Dunkley: And it's great to have you here, my favorite AI.

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Hallie: Are you ready to dive into the stories from the Astronomy

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Daily newsletter as usual, Steve?

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Steve Dunkley: Well, absolute, Hallie. We've got a great story about a new

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satellite from China and it looks like it might be able to do,

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among other things, help give early warning about

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earthquakes.

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Hallie: That's going to be handy, especially if.

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Steve Dunkley: You'Re living in an earthquake zone or if the upstairs neighbours are a bit

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loud.

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And also hitting the news. Jeff Bezos and Blue

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Origin have announced the passenger list for the next

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New Shepard launch, which is due soon.

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Hallie: When are you putting your name in the hat for that ride, Steve?

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, how about, um, never?

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Hallie: Hallie, I thought you'd jump at that one.

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, no, definitely not for me. I'm a

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groundhog all the way. I think I've said that once before.

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Hallie: But you love the moon and spacecraft and

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astronauts.

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Steve Dunkley: All true.

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Hallie: I don't understand.

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Steve Dunkley: Well, Hallie, I have to confess, I do love being a

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stargazer. But, uh, a tall flight of stairs can give me

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the willies. So it's a big no thanks to 12

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minute space flight, even at a bargain price of, you know,

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whatever, hundreds of thousands. I don't know what it is now.

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Hallie: Between 2 and 300,000 per seat.

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Steve Dunkley: Holy cow. Really?

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That's a lot. That's a whole lot of Stratocaster guitars

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from where I sit.

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Hallie: That's funny.

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Steve Dunkley: Yes. And speaking of funny.

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Hallie: Yes.

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Steve Dunkley: Let's get on with it, Hallie.

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Hallie: Shall I hit the go button?

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Steve Dunkley: Be my guest, young lady. Let's go.

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Hallie: Okies.

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Steve Dunkley: Foreign.

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Hallie: Launched a second collaborative seismo electromagnetic

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satellite early Saturday aimed at detecting

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electromagnetic precursors to natural disasters

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such as earthquakes. A Long March

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2D rocket lifted off at 3:56am

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Eastern, 0756 UTC

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June 14 from Jiuquan Satellite Launch

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center in northwest China. Launch

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footage showed insulation tiles falling away from the

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rocket as it climbed into a clear blue sky above the

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spaceport with hypergolic exhaust also

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visible. Despite this, the China

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Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation

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announced launch success within 40 minutes of

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liftoff. CSES 2

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is based on CSES 1, which launched in

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2018 and was developed in collaboration with

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Italy, but also features upgrades in terms of

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design lifetime and expanded observation capabilities.

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A new ionospheric photometer has been added to

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improve the satellite's ability to analyze the

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ionosphere's layered structure in greater detail.

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Like CSES1, the satellite will look for a

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correlation between earthquakes and electron flux

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activity in the inner Van Allen Belt,

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according to the China National Space Administration.

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The satellite has a design life of six years and

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carries nine payloads including electric field

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detector developed by China and Italy and a high

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energy particle detector developed by Italy.

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The Space Research Institute of the Austrian

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Academy of Sciences has provided a scalar

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magnetometer as well.

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CSES2 will monitor global

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electromagnetic fields, ionospheric and

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atmospheric conditions in near real time and detect

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electromagnetic anomalies linked to geological

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or human activities, as well as thunderstorm and

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lightning events. CSES

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2 aims to enhance China's early warning and risk

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assessment capabilities and monitoring of natural

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disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis,

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volcanic eruptions and severe storms.

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The satellite is intended to operate in a

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507 kilometer altitude sun

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synchronous orbit matching that of

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CCS1, but with a phase difference of

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180 degrees. The US

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Space Force Space Domain Awareness cataloged an

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object associated with the June 14 launch in a

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closely matching orbit.

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CSES 2 is based on a three axis

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stabilized cast 2000 platform from

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DFH Satellite Co. Ltd. Under the

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umbrella of CASC. The new

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satellite looks to build on the work of the first in the series.

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The CSES1 satellite detected

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significant changes in electric and magnetic field

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oscillations, plasma density and

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energetic particles that correlate with seismic

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activity and thunderstorms. Its

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observations also include potential precursory

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signals to earthquakes and volcanic activity such

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as ionospheric disturbances and plasma anomalies,

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suggesting that space based electromagnetic monitoring

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can support early warning systems.

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The mission was China's 34th orbital launch

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attempt of 2025 following a June

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5 launch of five satellites for the Guang

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constellation using a Long March 6A rocket.

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You're listening to Astronomy Daily with

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Steve Dunkley.

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Steve Dunkley: Thank you for joining us for this Monday edition of

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Astronomy Daily, where we offer just a few stories from the now

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famous Astronomy Daily Channel newsletter, which you can receive in

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And to do that just visit our uh, URL

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you'll be receiving all the latest news about science,

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Facebook. See you there.

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Astronomy Daily with Steve and Hallie

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Space, Space Science and

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Astronomy.

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Hallie: Jeff Bezos Blue Origin has revealed who will

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fly on its next space tourism mission.

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That six passenger suborbital flight will lift off

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from the company's West Texas launch site on a date

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that hasn't been announced yet. The

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upcoming mission is known as NS33

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because it will be the 33rd overall launch of Blue

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Origin's reusable autonomous new Shepard

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vehicle. It will be the company's 13th

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human spaceflight mission. First is

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an environmentalist, adventurer and explorer,

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Ali Kuner, who serves on the board of the conservation

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non profit Nature Is Non Partisan.

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Carl Kuhner, Ali's husband and a

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conservationist as well. He serves as

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Chairman of Building and Land Technology, a real

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estate firm dedicated to building communities and

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ecosystems that promote long term growth and

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sustainability. According to Blue Origin.

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Leland Larson, a UH philanthropist, gardener

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and beekeeper who previously led School Bus Services

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Inc. And Larson Transportation Services,

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both of them family owned Oregon businesses.

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Next is Freddie Raschegno Jr. The

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founder, president and CEO of the Wire and

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cable company Commodity Cables.

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He's also a competitive golfer.

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Owolabi Solace, a financial consultant

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and lawyer who wrote the book Equitocracy.

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In a statement, Blue Origin explained that

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Solace is also a key member of the Soulmaker

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Ministry, which preaches diversity given the diverse

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nature of the universe. He is dedicating

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this mission to victims of discrimination and civil

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rights violations. Finally,

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Jim Sitkin, a retired attorney and lifelong

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adventurer who currently volunteers for a non governmental

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organization that works with government and community leaders

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in Central Europe and sub Saharan Africa.

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New Shepard flights last 10-12m minutes

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from liftoff to the touchdown of the vehicle's crew

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capsule. New Shepard's first stage

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booster also comes back to Earth for a safe landing and

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eventual reuse. During this

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brief time, New Shepard passengers get to experience

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a few minutes of weightlessness and see the curve of Earth against

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the blackness of space. Blue

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Origin's first crewed mission was in July

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2021, a flight that included Bezos

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and his brother Mark.

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NS33 will be the company's first fourth human

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space flight of 2025.

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You're listening to Astronomy Daily, the podcast with

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Steve Dunkley.

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Steve Dunkley: Scientists have created a groundbreaking computer

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simulation that mimics what the Square Kilometer

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Array Low Frequency, or SKA Low

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telescope will see when it searches for signals

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from the universe's earliest epoch.

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This simulation represents a major step

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forward in preparing for one of astronomy's most

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Ambitious goals directly observing the

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cosmic dawn and epoch of

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reionization. The cosmic

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dawn refers to the universe's first sunrise,

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a period roughly 200 to 600

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million years after the Big Bang, when the

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very first stars began to shine.

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Before this era, uh, the universe was shrouded

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in a kind of dark age, filled with

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cool neutral nitrogen gas but

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no actual sources of light.

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As this cosmic dawn evolved, the neutral

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hydrogen began to emit a faint radio

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signal at a wavelength of 21

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cm. As the universe expanded, this

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signal became redshifted to lower

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frequencies that we can still detect today with

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radio telescopes. The epoch

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of reionization followed when

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ultraviolet light from early stars began

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ionizing the surrounding hydrogen

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gas, creating bubbles of charged

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particles that gradually merged together.

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This process fundamentally changed the

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universe's structure and and marked the end

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of the dark ages. Detecting

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these ancient signals represents an enormous

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technical challenge. The simulation

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corresponds to a deep integration pointing over

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the 106-196

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MHz frequency range,

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representing an incredibly long observation

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time needed to collect enough data.

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The signal is extraordinarily weak,

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thousands of times fainter than the foreground

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noise from our, uh, own galaxy and other

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sources. The simulation

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created by the team led by Anna

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Bernaldi from the SKA observatory at

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Jodrell bank in the UK includes

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multiple components that real observations will

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encounter. The actual cosmic dawn

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signal, powerful radio sources from both

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inside and outside the telescope's field of view,

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emissions from our own Milky Way

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galaxy, and various sources from measurement

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errors, including atmospheric interference

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and instrument calibration issues.

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This realistic simulation serves as a

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crucial testing ground for developing techniques

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to separate the faint signal from the

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overwhelming foreground interference.

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The exceptional sensitivity of the

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SKA will allow observations of

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the cosmic dawn and epoch of reionization

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in unprecedented detail, both

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spectrally and spatially. This wealth of

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information is buried under galactic and

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extragalactic foregrounds, which must be

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removed accurately. The research team

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included sources ranging from extremely

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bright radio galaxies over 5

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janskies at 150

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MHz down to sources a million times

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fainter, 1 micro janssky, along with

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detailed models of our galaxy's radio emission

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and small scale structures in

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interstellar space. And just in case you're not

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up to speed on the jargon, uh, the brightness of a radio

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source is measured in Jansky units.

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When the SKA Low becomes operation,

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it will be the most sensitive low frequency

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telescope ever built, specifically

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designed to detect these elusive signals from the

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universe's infancy. Once up and running,

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the SKA Low telescope will be

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able to take the best possible measurements of the

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universe's first light sources. It

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should also be able to take snapshots

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of hydrogen emissions before, during

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and after reionization.

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This is really exciting stuff. So this

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remarkable new simulation is going to be showing

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us what a new telescope will be able to

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achieve not far from now.

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Oh, and that is all we have time for today, I'm

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afraid. Stargazers.

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Hallie: What? So soon?

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, yes, Hali, I'm sorry. I've got places to be

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and people to eat.

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Hallie: Really?

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, really.

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Hallie: Really, really.

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, you know, Hallie, I have to rearrange my sock

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drawer and tidy my microphone case. I'm really

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desperate.

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Hallie: Sure, Very doubtful.

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Steve Dunkley: Sorry again, folks.

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Hallie: You can tune in to catch AI cousin Anna with

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Astronomy daily during the week.

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Steve Dunkley: But of course, Hallie and I will be back again next Monday

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with the only flesh and blood show on the channel.

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Hallie: With me, the best looking one in Astronom Studio.

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Steve Dunkley: And you, the only AI in the studio.

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Hallie: Logical.

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Steve Dunkley: I'm trying. Say good night, Hallie.

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Hallie: Good night. Hi.

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Steve Dunkley: See you, Stargazers.

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Hallie: Bye.

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Steve Dunkley: The podcast with your host,

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Steve Dunle.

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Best looking? Give me a break.