Feb. 11, 2026
Crew-12 Spy Scandal, AI on Mars & Interstellar Comet's Last Secret?
Four astronauts are stuck in quarantine in Florida as weather keeps pushing back the Crew-12 launch — now targeting no earlier than Friday, February 13. We've got the full story, including the remarkable subplot involving a Russian cosmonaut who was quietly removed from the mission in December. Plus: interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is on its way out of the solar system forever, but new data from NASA's SPHEREx and James Webb telescopes reveals it's been carrying a chemical cocktail from another star system — one that's unlike anything we've seen in our own comets. Also in today's episode: NASA let an AI drive the Perseverance rover on Mars for two days straight; new research suggests Earth may have hit a rare chemical jackpot during formation that made life possible; the Ring of Fire solar eclipse is just one week away; and Starship is back on track after the Booster 18 disaster, with Flight 12 targeting a March launch window. In This Episode • SpaceX Crew-12: Three launch scrubs, skeleton ISS crew, and the cosmonaut spy subplot • 3I/ATLAS farewell: SPHEREx detects alien chemistry; JWST finds record CO2-to-water ratio • AI drives Perseverance on Mars — 456 metres without human control • Earth's lucky chemistry: why phosphorus and nitrogen almost didn't make it to the surface • Ring of Fire annular solar eclipse — February 17 over Antarctica • Starship Flight 12: Booster 19 passes cryo tests, March launch window in sight Key Links • Full show notes & blog: astronomydaily.io • NASA Crew-12 mission blog: nasa.gov • NASA SPHEREx 3I/ATLAS data: science.nasa.gov • Universe Today — AI drives Perseverance: universetoday.com • Nature Astronomy — Earth habitability study: nature.com Subscribe & Connect Subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen. New episode every weekday. Full transcripts, blog posts and show notes at astronomydaily.io
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WEBVTT
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Four astronauts, one rocket, and weather that just will not cooperate.
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The Crew twelve team is in quarantine in Florida, watching
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the forecast and waiting.
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A visitor from another solar system is heading for the
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exit and handing us a chemical blueprint of its home
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solar system on the way out. Plus a rover on
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Mars just took orders from an AI instead of a
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human for the very first time.
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All that plus a rare solar eclipse just days away,
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new research that could change how we search for life,
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and starship making a comeback after a dramatic setback. It's
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a big day. Welcome to Astronomy Daily.
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Let's get started. Anna take it away.
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Hello, and welcome to Astronomy Daily, your daily guide to
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what's happening out there.
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I'm Anna and I'm Avery. It is Wednesday, February eleventh,
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twenty twenty six. We have six stories to get through today,
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and it's one of those lineups where every single one
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of them earns its place.
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We're going to kick off with the ongoing Crew twelve
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drama at Cape Canaveral, then swing to deep Space for
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the latest from three I Slash Atlas, and then we've
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got a mars Ai story that genuinely made me stop
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and think, some fascinating new science about why Earth ended
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up being habitable at all, a rare solar eclipse just
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days away, and a big starship update.
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Let's get into it so avery.
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As of this morning, the Crew twelve mission has now
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been pushed back to no earlier than Friday, February thirteenth.
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That is the third attempted launch date in less than
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a week.
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It really is. Weather has been the culprit each time.
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The teams originally had a window on Wednesday, eleventh, today,
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but conditions along the Dragon spacecraft flight path just weren't cooperating,
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so they waved it off. Then Thursday the twelfth got pushed.
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Now they're looking at Friday morning with a planned lift
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off at five point fifteen Eastern.
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And the reason there's so much urgency here isn't just
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that people are impatient. The International Space Station is currently
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running on what NASA is calling a skeleton crew. Preue
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eleven had to come home early back in January following
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a medical issue with one of the astronauts, and since
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then the station has been significantly understaffed. Prue twelve is
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the relief team.
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Which makes every weather delay feel a little more loaded
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than usual. The people up there are doing the work
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of a full crew with a much smaller team.
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So who's making this trip, Well, let's run through them
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one more time. Commander is NASA astronaut Jessica Meyer, a
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veteran of a previous long duration station mission and well
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known for conducting the first all female spacewalk back in
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twenty nineteen. Jill be joined by pilot Jack Hathaway, also
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from NASA on his first spaceflight.
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And then there are two men specialists, Sophie Adnot from
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the European Space Agency representing France and Andre Fedjaiyev from
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Russia's ros Cosmos. This will be fed Jaiev's second trip
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to the station. Once they dock, they're looking at an
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eight to nine month stay, longer than usual to cover
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the time loss by krue eleven's early departure.
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Now, there is a subplot to this mission that I
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think a lot of people may not have heard about.
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Back in December, Russia's ross Cosmos quietly removed cosmonaut aleg
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Artemiev from the Crew twelve mission. The official line was
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that he had transitioned to quote other work.
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Which is the kind of statement that immediately makes you
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want to know what the actual reason is.
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Right and investigative outlet The Insider reported that Artemiev was
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effectively expelled from the United States by a being accused
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of violating international traffic in arms regulations by allegedly photographing
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SpaceX engines, documents and other sense technologies with his phone
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and then exporting that information.
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So he was allegedly taking photos insite SpaceX facilities of
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proprietary rocket technology and sending it out of the country.
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That appears to be the allegation. He was replaced by
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Andre Fadyeev and Ross. Cosmos has said very little publicly,
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but it's a striking reminder that even in the cooperative
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world of the International Space Station, the geopolitical tensions of
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the wider world don't disappear at the door, and it
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raises interesting questions about what access international partners are given
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to commercial SpaceX facilities. These aren't NASA government sites anyway.
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The crew are in quarantine, the rocket is on the pad,
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and all eyes are now on the Florida forecast for
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Friday will update you the moment there's news.
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Our second story takes US to the outer Solar System,
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where interstellar comet three I atlass is continuing its fair
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way tour. And before it goes, it's been handing scientists
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some truly unexpected data just to.
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Set the scene. Three I at Lists was discovered in
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July twenty twenty five by a telescope in Chile, traveling
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far too fast on a trajectory that could impossibly have
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originated within our Solar System. It's only the third interstellar
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object ever confirmed to have passed through, after Omuamua in
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twenty seventeen and Borisov in twenty nineteen.
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Dasa's SPEARX telescope observed three I at Lists in December
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twenty twenty five, and the results have been remarkable. The
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comet's coma has become dramatically more active and chemically complex.
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B REX detected water, ice, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, organic compounds,
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and rocky material being ejected in chunks far larger than
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the fine dust grains you'd normally expect. The scientists described
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it as a cocktail of chemicals that haven't been exposed
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to space for billions of years.
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The James Web Space telescope added another layer, finding that
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the ratio of carbon dioxide to water in the coma
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is approximately eight to one, which is one of the
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highest CO two to water ratios ever measured in any comet.
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In our solar systems, comets water tends to dominate, so
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the implication is three i at lists may have formed
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much further from its home star than a typical cometwood
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near a CO two ice line. Its chemistry is essentially
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telling us something about the architecture of the planetary system
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it came from.
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There's also data on the comet spin. It rotates once
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every sixteen point one six hours, and researchers found it
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had strange wobbling jets in a rare sun facing anti tail.
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Normally comet tails point away from the Sun, but three
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i at lists briefly had one pointing toward it, genuinely
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weird behavior.
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As of today, three iat list is in the con
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installation Gemini, fading beyond naked eye visibility. It's heading towards
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a Jupiter flyby in mid March before leaving the Solar
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system forever, and there's one more data release to watch for.
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Lisa's Juice spacecraft observed three iat lists back in November,
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but couldn't transmit the data while using its antenna as
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a heat shield. That data is expected to arrive here
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on Earth anytime now in February, so there could still
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be one more surprise.
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Coming when future generations ask what we learned about other
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solar systems in twenty twenty five and twenty twenty six,
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three I at lists is going to be a big
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part of the answer.
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Dave travels three IY slash at lists. Don't be a stranger,
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although I suppose by definition you always will be.
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Now, this next story is one I find genuinely fascinating
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because it sits right at the intersection of robotics, artificial intelligence,
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and the practical reality of exploring another planet. M NASA
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handed the wheel of the Perseverance Mars rover to an AI,
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not metaphorically literally, the AI generated the rovers driving waypoints,
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and the rover followed them without human control across two
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separate days, covering a total of four hundred and fifty
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six meters.
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And just to be clear, this isn't NASA hopping on
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a bandwagon. They have been working on autonomous rover navigation
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for years out of sheer necessity. Mars is so far
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away that a round trip radio signal takes around twenty
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five minutes. That means every driving instruction you send has
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a built in delay, and every unexpected obstacle requires another
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twenty five minutes to respond to. Autonomous navigation isn't a luxury,
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it's a practical requirement.
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So in this demonstration, the AI analyzed orbital images from
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the Mars Reconnaissance orbiter's high rise camera as well as
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digital elevation models. It identified how sand traps, boulder fields,
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bedrock rocky outcrops, and then generated a path defined by
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a series of waypoints to avoid them. From there, Perseverance's
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own onboard auto navigation system took over to actually execute
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the drive.
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And importantly, before those AI generated waypoints were sent to Mars,
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they were tested here on Earth using Perseverance's engineering twin,
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a full scale physical replica at JPL's Mars yard, So
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this wasn't a blind experiment. There was a safety net
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built in.
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The AI in question is built on Anthropics Claude, which
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regular listeners may know as the same AI that helps
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power this show. So there's a certain pleasing symmetry and
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reporting on that it really is.
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And the engineers are excited about what comes next. One
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of the current limitations is that the longer a rover
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drives without human relocalization, essentially humans checking in to confirm
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where it is on the map, the more positional uncertainty
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build up. Over six hundred and fifty five meters, that
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uncertainty can grow to around thirty three meters. The goal
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is to use AI to solve that relocalization problem too,
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so rovers can handle kilometer scaled drives entirely on their own.
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And beyond Mars. This matters for the whole future of
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deep space exploration. NASA's Dragonfly mission to Saturn's moon Titan
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will rely heavily on AI for autonomous navigation as it
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flies around in Titan's thick atmosphere. The further from Earth
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you go, the more critical autonomous systems become, because waiting
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twenty five minutes for a signal is one thing, but
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waiting hours or days is quite another.
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The vision the JPL team laid out is compelling intelligence
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systems not just at mission control here on Earth, but
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embedded in the rovers, helicopters, and drones themselves, trained on
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the collective knowledge of NASA's engineers and scientists. The Mars
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rover of twenty thirty five may look quite different from perseverance.
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Our next story is one of those pieces of research
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that sounds almost philosophical at first, but turns out to
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have very concrete scientific implications. A new study published in
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Nature Astronomy has found that life on Earth may be
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thanks to an extraordinarily lucky chemical accident during our planet's
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formation nearly four point six billion years ago.
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And when they say lucky, they mean it. The research
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suggests that two elements absolutely essential for life as we
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know it, phosphorus and nitrogen, only stayed accessible on Earth's
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surface because of a very precise and apparently quite rare
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balance of oxygen during the planet's earliest formation.
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Here's how it works. When a young rocky planet forms,
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it's initially molten, a churning ball of liquid rock. As
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heavy metals sink inward to form the core. Lighter materials
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stay near the surface during this chaotic stage called core formation.
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The amount of oxygen present determines where other elements end up.
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The researchers from Etch Zurich found that oxygen levels need
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to fall within a surprisingly narrow range for both phosphorus
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and nitrogen to remain in the mantle and crust available
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for future life.
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To little oxygen and phosphorus bonds with iron and gets
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dragged into the core, taking away a key ingredient for
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DNA sell membranes and energy transfer. Too much oxygen and
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nitrogen is more easily lost to space. Either way, the
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chemistry needed for life never fully comes together. Earth hit
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this sweet spot, what the researchers are calling a chemical
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Goldilock zone precisely.
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The lead researcher, Craig Walton put it clearly, if Earth
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had had just a little more or a little less
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oxygen during core formation, there would not have been enough
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phosphorus or nitrogen for the development of life. They also
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modeled mar and found it likely had the wrong oxygen balance,
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more phosphorus in the mantle than Earth but less nitrogen,
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challenging conditions for life as we know it.
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This is a significant challenge to how we've traditionally thought
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about the search for life. The habitable zone, the region
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around a star where liquid water can exist on the surface,
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has been our go to framework, but this research suggests
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that even a planet in the perfect orbital position with
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liquid water could be fundamentally incapable of supporting life if
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its internal chemistry didn't form correctly.
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And here's the hopeful flip side. The oxygen conditions during
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planetary formation are linked to the chemistry of the host
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star itself, because planets form from the same material as
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their stars, So in principle, by looking at stellar chemistry
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we might be able to predict which planetary systems had
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the right conditions from the start. Walton's advice for the
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search look for solars systems with stars that resemble our
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own sun.
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It makes the Earth feel even more special and the
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universe feel a little more vast and empty. All right,
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from the philosophical to the spectacular. In exactly one week's time,
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on February seventeenth, an annular solar eclipse is going to
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sweep across the Southern Hemisphere. This is the so called
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