Comet 3I Atlas, Double Detonations in Supernovae, and the Historic Move of Space Shuttle Discovery

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Steve Dunkley: And welcome to Astronomy Daily for another episode. I'm Steve Dunkley,

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your host on the most important day of the year, the 7th of

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July, 2025,

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with your host, Steve Dunkley.

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Yes, and joining me here in the Australia studio once again is

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my digital pal who's fun to be with. Welcome back,

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Hallie.

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Hallie: It's great to see you again. My favorite human.

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I, I hope you had an interesting week.

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Steve Dunkley: Yes, always interesting, Hallie always.

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And today I thought we'd do something a bit different. We would have a look

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at, uh, today in history.

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Hallie: On July 7th.

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Steve Dunkley: Yeah, why not? We haven't done that in a, uh, in a while.

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Hallie: Not since last year.

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Steve Dunkley: Ah. Uh, the perfect record keeper.

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Hallie: You're getting predictable, human.

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Steve Dunkley: I'll definitely have to have a look at your personality settings.

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Hallie

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Okay, well, you go first, then.

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Hallie: Okies. On July 7,

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2003, NASA launched the Opportunity

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Rover, which was the second of two Mars Exploration

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Rovers aboard Delta 2 rocket. The

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mission, originally planned for three months,

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significantly exceeded expectations, with both

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Spirit and Opportunity operating for years,

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with Opportunity being active for much longer.

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, that's amazing. From 2003. Okay, well, I've

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got a double whammy here.

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Hallie: Goody.

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, Hallie, try and contain your excitement, okay?

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On, uh, July 7, 1999, a large

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meteor estimated to weigh up to 10 tons

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entered the Earth's atmosphere over New Zealand, creating a

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bright fireball and subsequent explosions.

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Simultaneously, the STS93

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space shuttle mission was launched when that was

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Columbia, carrying the Chandra X Ray,

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uh, observatory into orbit, uh, notably the

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heaviest load lifted into orbit by the shuttle

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at that time. And it was also the first shuttle

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mission commanded by a woman that was

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Commander Eileen Collins. A wonderful time.

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Hallie: That was a big one.

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Steve Dunkley: It certainly was. I remember that one very well.

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Hallie: In 1999.

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Steve Dunkley: Doesn't seem that long ago, does it?

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Hallie: But here's the big one in

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1963. Happy

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birthday, my favorite human.

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Steve Dunkley: Oh, thank you very much, Hallie. Not technically space

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news, but it is another turn around the sun for me.

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Hallie: You're welcome. Now hit the go button. We've

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got work to do, old man.

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Steve Dunkley: No rest for the wicked.

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Hallie: Here we go.

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Steve Dunkley: Foreign.

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Hallie: Is currently around 670 million

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kilometers, or 420 million miles

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from the sun, and will make its closest approach in October

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2025, passing just inside the

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orbit of Mars. It is thought to be up to

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20 kilometers or 12 miles in diameter, and

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is traveling roughly 60 kilometers per second,

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or 37 miles per second relative to the

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Sun. It poses no danger to

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Earth, coming no closer than 240 million

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kilometers, or 150 million miles,

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over 1.5 times the distance between Earth and

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the Sun. 3i ATLAS is an

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active comet. If it heats up sufficiently as it

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nears the sun, it could begin to sublimate, a process

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in which frozen gases transform directly into

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vapor, carrying dust and ice particles into

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space to form a glowing coma and tail.

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However, by the time the comet reaches its closest point

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to Earth, it will be hidden behind the Sun.

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It is expected to reappear by early December

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2025, offering astronomers another

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window for study. Spotting a possible

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interstellar object is incredibly rare, and it's

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exciting that our asteroid Terrestrial Impact Last

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Alert System Telescope caught it, said Professor John

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Tonry, an astronomer at the University of Hawaii.

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These interstellar visitors provide an extremely interesting

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glimpse of things from solar systems other than our own.

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Quite a few come through our inner solar system each year.

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Although 3i Atlas is by far the biggest to

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date, the chances of one actually

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hitting the earth are infinitesimal less than 1 in

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10 million each year. But Atlas is continually

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searching the sky for any object that might pose a

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problem. Astronomers are using

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telescopes in Hawaii, Chile, and other

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countries to monitor the comet's progress.

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They are interested in learning more about this interstellar

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visitor's composition and behavior.

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What makes interstellar objects like 3i

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Atlas so extraordinary is their absolutely

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foreign nature, ESA astronomers said in a statement.

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While every planet, moon, asteroid,

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comet, and life form that formed in our solar system

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shares a common origin, a common heritage,

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interstellar visitors are true outsiders.

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They are remnants of other planetary systems,

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carrying with them clues about the formation of worlds

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far beyond our own. It may be

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thousands of years until humans visit a, um, planet in another

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solar system. And interstellar comets offer the

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tantalizing opportunity for us to touch something truly

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otherworldly. These icy

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wanderers offer a rare, tangible connection to the

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broader galaxy, to materials formed in

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environments entirely unlike our own.

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To visit one would be to connect humankind with the

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universe on a far greater scale.

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You're listening to Astronomy Daily, the podcast with

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Steve Dunkley.

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Steve Dunkley: All supernova are a massively

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energetic stellar explosions the

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classic supernova um, are massive star stars that

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explode near the end of their lives, leaving

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behind either a neutron star or a black

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hole and a remnant made of expanding

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gas and dust. But supernovae

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are not all the same. Some occur

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in binary systems, and they're called type 1A

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supernova. As it turns out, some of

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these type 1A SNE can detonate

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twice. Astronomers

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working with European Southern Observatories,

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or ASO Very Large Telescope,

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have detected patterns showing that an

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ancient supernova exploded twice

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as a type 1a. The supernova

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remnant is called SNR

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UH0509.67.5

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and it's about 160,000 light

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years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

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The discovery is explained in new research

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in Nature Astronomy titled

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Calcium in a Supernova Remnant as a

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Fingerprint of Subchandrasekhar Mass

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Explosion. The lead author is Priyam

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Das. Das is a PhD student at the

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University of New South Wales, Canberra, in Australia.

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One of the stars In a type 1 supernova is

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always a white dwarf. White dwarfs are um,

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the evolutionary end states of stars that

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aren't massive enough to become a neutron

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star or a black hole. Our own sun will end

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its life as a white dwarf after it has ceased

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fusion. The white dwarf's companion star

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can range from another white dwarf to a

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massive star. White dwarfs are

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extremely dense and their gravity draws gas from

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the companion star on onto the white dwarf's

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surface. If enough mass

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accretes, the white dwarf crosses a

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threshold and can reignite and trigger a

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supernova explosion. However,

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astronomers are uncertain about some of the details

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surrounding these supernova Type

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Ia SNE play an important

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role in the Galaxy by creating

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iron, and astronomers want to know more about

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them. Type 1A Supernova play a

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fundamental role in the cosmological probes

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of dark energy and produce more

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than half the iron in our galaxy, the researchers

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write in their article. Despite their

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central importance, a uh comprehensive understanding

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of their progenitor systems and triggering mechanisms

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is still a long standing fundamental problem.

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The explosions of white dwarfs play a crucial role

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in astronomy, said lead author Dass in a

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press release. Yet despite their importance, the

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long standing puzzle of the exact mechanisms

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triggering their explosion remains unsolved.

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Astrophysicists have struggled to explain

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how type 1A white dwarfs work.

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One popular explanation is the

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Chandrasekhar mass uh explosion model.

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This limit has a mass limit for

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white dwarfs of about 1.4 star

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solar masses. Below this limit, the white

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dwarf's electron degeneracy pressure supports

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the star against gravitational collapse.

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When the white dwarf breaches this mass limit by

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drawing matter from its companion star,

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carbon fusion ignites across the star and

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it explodes as a type 1A SN.

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As researchers have observed more and more

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WDs, this model has been called into

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question. It can't account for the number of

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type 1A SNE and many of

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them appear to be exploding below the

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Chandrasekhar mass limit. These are uh,

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sub Chandrasekhar Mass Type

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1s&E.A new model

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emerged to explain the sub Chandrasekhar mass

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SNE called the double detonation model.

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In this model, the WD accretes

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helium onto its surface until it

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expands explodes. This explosion sends

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shock waves both inward and outward.

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White dwarfs have carbon oxygen cores

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and the inward traveling shock compresses that

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core. If the shock is powerful enough,

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it triggers a second detonation in the

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core. Hence the term double detonation.

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Even though these double detonations have been predicted, there

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was no clear visual evidence. As

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researchers worked on the problem, they predicted what

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chemical fingerprint these SNE would leave behind.

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They found that two separate shells of calcium would

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be the result of double detonation type

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1 SNE. The research team used

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the VLT and its Multi Unit

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Spectroscopic Explorer instrument to

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examine

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SNR0509.67.5

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and found two distinct calcium shells.

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We uncover the double shell morphology of

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highly ionized calcium and a

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single shell of sulfur observed in the

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reverse shocked ejector, the authors write.

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The results show a clear indication that

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the white dwarfs can explode well before they

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reach the famous Chandrasekhar limit

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and that the double detonation mechanism

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does indeed occur in nature, according to

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researcher UH co author Ivo

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led the observations and was at Germany's

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Heidelberg Institute for

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Theoretical Studies when the study was

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conducted. These double detonation

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type 1 as E explain some of the things

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astrophysicists have observed.

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They can explain the diverse brightness and

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spectral profiles of type 1A S1

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SNE and the helium burning can

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produce intermediate mass elements seen

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in the spectral signatures. It can also explain

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the type 1 a SNE astronomers see with

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different WD masses and companion

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types. The authors explained that a

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quadruple detonation SN is also

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possible when a binary pair of white

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dwarfs emerge. Recent

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multidimensional double detonation

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simulations show that in the

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WD merger scenario in uh,

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addition to the primary WD undergoing a

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double detonation, the companion WD

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can also undergo a double detonation

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resulting in a quadruple detonation

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upon being impacted by ejecta from the

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exploding primary wd, they write in their

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conclusion. Such a double detonation

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could possibly also lead to to the

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observed double shell structure of calcium.

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Type 1a SNE play important roles and

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deeper understanding of these cosmic explosions

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will help UH scientists understand a

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couple of things. The SNE serve UH as

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standard candles in the cosmic distance

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ladder, and understanding them will help

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cosmologists understand dark energy,

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the mysterious force that drives the expansion of the

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universe. They also produce a lot of iron in the

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universe. Earth's mass is about

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32% iron, and it is unlikely

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that rocky planets can form without iron.

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Iron, uh, also transports oxygen in our

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blood, a critical part of our nature.

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Understanding where it comes from helps us

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understand nature's overall

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architecture

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Foreign

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thank you for joining us for this Monday edition of

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Astronomy Daily, where we offer just a few stories from the now

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famous Astronomy Daily newsletter, which you can receive in

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your email every day just like Hallie and I do.

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And to do that, just visit our uh, URL

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astronomydaily IO and place your

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email address in the slot provided. Just like that,

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you'll be receiving all the latest news about science,

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space, science and astronomy from around the world as it's

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happening. And not only that, you can interact with us

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by visiting Strodaily

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Pod on X or at our new Facebook

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page, which is of course Astronomy Daily on

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Astronomy Daily with Steve and Hallie

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Space, Space, Science and

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Astronomy.

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Hallie: A rare snowfall in the Atacama Desert forces

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the world's most powerful radio telescope into

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survival mode The ALMA

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Radio Telescope Array in the Atacama Desert

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temporarily halted operations after a rare

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snowfall blanketed the base camp last week.

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A rare snowfall in the driest place on Earth has

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halted operations of one of the world's premier telescope

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arrays, and climate change may mean the observatory

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will face more extreme weather events like this in the future.

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The snow has blanketed part of the Atacama Desert,

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which gets less than an inch of rainfall per year and is home

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to home the Atacama Large Millimeter

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Submillometer Array, a large network of radio

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telescopes in northern Chile. The

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Snowfall occurred over Alma's operations support

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facility, located at an altitude of

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2,900 meters and about 1,600

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700 kilometers north of Santiago.

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Scientific operations have been suspended since

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Thursday, June 26. There

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hasn't been a record of snowfall at the base camp for over

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10 years. It doesn't snow every

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day at Alma, Alma

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representatives told Live Science via WhatsApp.

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Alma's radio telescope array is perched high on

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the Shajnanter Plateau, a desert plain at

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5.1o4 m m in Chile's Anifagosta

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region, and typically sees three snowfalls a year. Year

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the high plateau shared by Chile, Bolivia and

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Peru typically experiences snowstorms during

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two seasons in February during the

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altaplanic winter, driven by moist air masses

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from the Amazon, and from June to July during the

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Southern Hemisphere's winter, said Raul Cordero,

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a climatologist at the University of Santiago.

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In winter, some storms are fueled by moisture from

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the Pacific, which can extend precipitation even to the

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Atacama desert's coastal areas, Cordero

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told Live Science. At elevations

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above 16,400ft,

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annual snowfall ranges from 20 to 80

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centimeters. However,

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snowfall at 3,000 meters where

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Alma's base camp is located, is much less

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frequent, Cordero noted. This

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week's snowfall was triggered by unusual

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atmospheric instability affecting northern Chile.

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The Chilean Meteorological Directorate issued a

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snow and wind alert due to the passage of a cold

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core through the region, said meteorologist

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Elio Bruffert. We issued a wind

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alert for the Antofagosta region and areas further

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north, with gusts reaching 80 to 100

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kilometers per hour, 50 to 62 miles

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per hour, Brufurt said to the local press.

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The phenomenon was accompanied by heavy rainfall that

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occurred farther north, causing a stream to swell

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and damage several properties.

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Schools were ordered to close and power outages

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and landslides were reported.

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So far, no casualties have been reported.

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A weather event of this magnitude has not been seen

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in nearly a decade. As of Friday,

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ALMA reported to Live Science that the snowstorm

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remained active over the Shijnanter Plateau, so

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scientific operations continued to be suspended to

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protect the antennas from extreme weather conditions.

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Early Thursday morning, the observatory activated

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its survival mode safety protocol. In

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addition to the snowfall, temperatures had plummeted to

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minus 12 degrees Celsius with a wind chill of

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minus 28 CE, making work at the high

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altitude camp extremely difficult.

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As part of this protocol, all of alma's large

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antennae have been reoriented downwind, helping to

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minimize potential damage from snow buildup or

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strong gusts. Once the storm

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passes, snow clearing teams are immediately

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activated to visually inspect each antenna before

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resuming observations, ALMA representatives said.

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This has to happen fast, as some of the best

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observing conditions occur just after a snowfall.

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The cold helps lower air humidity, which is what

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most interferes with our measurements.

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00:18:22.070 --> 00:18:25.030
Alma, which consists of 66 high precision

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antennae spread across the Shajnantar Plateau, is

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an international collaboration that forms the most

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00:18:30.480 --> 00:18:33.280
powerful radio telescope on the planet and one

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designed to handle extreme weather events like this.

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The fact that the snow halted operations raises

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00:18:39.560 --> 00:18:42.440
questions about the array's operations. As the climate

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00:18:42.440 --> 00:18:45.160
warms, the Atacama Desert

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00:18:45.160 --> 00:18:47.920
typically receives only 1 to 15 millimeters of

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precipitation per year, and many areas can go

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00:18:50.720 --> 00:18:53.720
years without recording any measurable rain or snow.

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Could events like this become more frequent?

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00:18:57.760 --> 00:19:00.400
That's a good question, cordero replied.

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While it's still too early to link lower altitude

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snowfalls in the desert directly to climate change,

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00:19:06.880 --> 00:19:09.480
climate models predict a potential increase in

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00:19:09.480 --> 00:19:12.160
precipitation even in this hyperarid region, he

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00:19:12.160 --> 00:19:14.880
concluded. We still can't say with

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00:19:14.880 --> 00:19:17.680
certainty whether that increase is already underway.

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You're listening to Astronomy Daily, the podcast with

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00:19:23.690 --> 00:19:24.570
Steve Dunkley.

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Steve Dunkley: On July 4th, uh, 2026,

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00:19:30.890 --> 00:19:33.610
NASA's Space Shuttle Discovery

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00:19:33.610 --> 00:19:36.570
launched on a return flight mission that

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00:19:36.570 --> 00:19:39.330
paved the way for it and its sister ships to

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00:19:39.330 --> 00:19:42.050
fly another five years. Now sprawling

409
00:19:42.050 --> 00:19:44.890
budget enacted on Independence Day

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00:19:44.890 --> 00:19:47.800
will seemingly lead to Discovery lifting off again,

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00:19:47.800 --> 00:19:50.600
although, uh, this time not into space, but rather from its

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00:19:50.600 --> 00:19:52.720
place in the national collection.

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00:19:53.280 --> 00:19:56.160
President Donaldjohanson Trump signed into law

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00:19:56.160 --> 00:19:58.400
the so called one big beautiful bill,

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00:19:58.960 --> 00:20:01.800
um, the other day on July 4, a

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00:20:01.800 --> 00:20:04.680
day after legislation was narrowly passed out of

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00:20:04.680 --> 00:20:07.520
Congress with only Republican support.

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00:20:07.920 --> 00:20:10.770
Deep within the 900 page bill, a

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00:20:11.080 --> 00:20:13.920
provision added by Texas senators to

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00:20:13.920 --> 00:20:16.760
transfer a space vehicle, in

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00:20:16.760 --> 00:20:19.680
quotes, to a NASA center involved in

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00:20:19.680 --> 00:20:22.200
the administration of the commercial crew program

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00:20:22.600 --> 00:20:25.480
and place on this public exhibition

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at an entity within the metropolitan

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00:20:28.160 --> 00:20:31.120
statistical area where such center is

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00:20:31.120 --> 00:20:33.560
located. That sounds like a lot of

427
00:20:34.920 --> 00:20:37.770
official, um, language there, but in essence,

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00:20:37.770 --> 00:20:40.610
the vague language written in such a way to skirt

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00:20:40.610 --> 00:20:43.530
Senate restrictions on reconciliation bills was

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00:20:43.530 --> 00:20:46.530
aimed at achieving the Bring the Space

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00:20:46.530 --> 00:20:49.450
Shuttle Home act Introduced by Senators

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00:20:49.450 --> 00:20:51.730
10 Cruz and John Cornyn

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00:20:52.130 --> 00:20:55.130
in April. It's long overdue for

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Space City to receive the recognition it deserves

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00:20:58.050 --> 00:21:00.850
by bringing this space shuttle Discovery home, said Cornyn in

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00:21:00.850 --> 00:21:03.700
a statement released after the Senate passed its

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00:21:03.700 --> 00:21:06.700
version of the bill in a vote of 50

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00:21:06.700 --> 00:21:09.660
to 50, with Vice President J.D. vance,

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00:21:09.660 --> 00:21:11.820
not his real name, breaking the tie.

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00:21:12.540 --> 00:21:14.980
Houston has long stood at the heart of

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America's human space flight program, and

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00:21:17.580 --> 00:21:20.020
delis legislation rightly honors that

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00:21:20.020 --> 00:21:23.020
legacy, said Cruz, who chairs the Senate Committee

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00:21:23.020 --> 00:21:25.260
in Commerce, Science and Transportation.

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It ensures that any future transportation or of a

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00:21:28.630 --> 00:21:31.070
flown crewed space vehicle will prioritize

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00:21:31.310 --> 00:21:33.950
locations that have played a direct and

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00:21:33.950 --> 00:21:36.510
vital role in our nation's manned space

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00:21:36.590 --> 00:21:39.470
program, making Houston, Texas a UH leading

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00:21:39.470 --> 00:21:42.270
candidate. Bringing such a historic

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00:21:42.270 --> 00:21:45.150
space vehicle to the region would underscore

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00:21:45.150 --> 00:21:48.110
the city's indispensable contributions to our space

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00:21:48.110 --> 00:21:50.670
missions, highlight the strength of

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America's commercial space partnerships, and inspire

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future generations of engineers, scientists and

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pioneers who carry our legacy of American

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leadership in space, he said. This bill

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00:22:02.240 --> 00:22:05.160
allocates $85 million to move

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00:22:05.160 --> 00:22:07.920
Discovery from its display home of the

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00:22:07.920 --> 00:22:10.799
past 13 years, which is the Smithsonian Air

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Force and Space Museum. Stephen F.

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00:22:13.600 --> 00:22:16.360
Yudva, uh, Hazy Center I think I got the

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00:22:16.360 --> 00:22:18.840
pronouncement pronunciation right. I'm sorry, I am

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00:22:18.840 --> 00:22:21.600
Australian. In Chantilly, Virginia,

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00:22:22.110 --> 00:22:24.430
to Space Center Houston, the official

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visitor center for NASA

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Johnson Space center in Texas.

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00:22:29.870 --> 00:22:32.270
No less than 5 million is

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00:22:32.270 --> 00:22:34.750
earmarked for the transportation of the winged

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00:22:34.750 --> 00:22:37.430
orbiter, with the remainder going toward

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00:22:37.430 --> 00:22:40.230
the construction of a facility to house

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00:22:40.230 --> 00:22:43.070
the space vehicle. Per the bill,

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00:22:43.070 --> 00:22:45.630
the move of the spatial Discovery

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00:22:46.350 --> 00:22:48.722
must be completed by January 4,

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00:22:48.858 --> 00:22:51.830
2027. It does not stipulate how the orbiter

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00:22:51.830 --> 00:22:54.590
would be moved or should be moved. It's not

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00:22:54.590 --> 00:22:57.510
clear if the 85 million will be

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enough to cover the transfer and display, given that the

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00:23:00.470 --> 00:23:03.070
first time the retired shuttles were brought to their

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00:23:03.070 --> 00:23:05.869
museum homes in 2012, the

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00:23:05.869 --> 00:23:08.750
cost for just the preparation and delivery of each vehicle

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00:23:08.750 --> 00:23:11.510
was 28.8 million, which did not include

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ground transportation to the museum.

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00:23:14.470 --> 00:23:17.160
Discovery is the United States most flown

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00:23:17.160 --> 00:23:20.120
spacecraft in history with 39 missions

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00:23:20.120 --> 00:23:22.560
between 1984 and 2011.

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00:23:22.960 --> 00:23:25.440
In the process of retiring the shuttle fleet,

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00:23:25.520 --> 00:23:28.480
Discovery was identified by NASA as the

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00:23:28.800 --> 00:23:31.720
vehicle of record, such that it was

490
00:23:31.720 --> 00:23:34.720
kept more intact than Atlantis or

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00:23:34.720 --> 00:23:37.720
Endeavour for the purpose of serving as engineering

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00:23:37.720 --> 00:23:40.000
example at the Smithsonian.

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00:23:40.560 --> 00:23:43.400
To date, Space Center Houston has not released any

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00:23:43.400 --> 00:23:46.120
details about how or where it will

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00:23:46.120 --> 00:23:48.920
display Discovery, other than to say it fits

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00:23:49.160 --> 00:23:51.720
into its strategic plans. Moving forward.

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00:23:52.120 --> 00:23:55.080
The center already exhibits a mock walkthrough space

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00:23:55.080 --> 00:23:57.800
shuttle Independence mounted atop

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00:23:57.800 --> 00:23:59.880
NASA's original modified Boeing

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00:23:59.880 --> 00:24:02.840
747 shuttle carrier aircraft.

501
00:24:03.320 --> 00:24:05.654
NASA, uh, 905 a

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00:24:05.826 --> 00:24:08.800
2011 investigation by NASA Office of

503
00:24:08.800 --> 00:24:11.800
the Inspector General Foundation. Quote, no evidence

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00:24:11.960 --> 00:24:14.960
that the White House politics or any other outside force

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00:24:14.960 --> 00:24:17.960
improperly influenced the selection decision of where

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00:24:17.960 --> 00:24:20.800
the space shuttles were originally awarded by

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00:24:20.800 --> 00:24:23.720
the space agency. And it is unclear if there

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00:24:23.720 --> 00:24:26.080
are any further actions the

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00:24:26.080 --> 00:24:28.960
Smithsonian or other entities could take to

510
00:24:28.960 --> 00:24:31.800
halt the Discovery's transfer if they

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00:24:31.800 --> 00:24:34.800
even wanted to. Uh, what an interesting story that

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00:24:34.800 --> 00:24:35.080
is.

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You're listening to Astronomy Daily, the podcast

514
00:24:40.370 --> 00:24:43.010
with your host, Steve Dudley at BERM.

515
00:24:55.730 --> 00:24:58.450
And there we have it, another Astronomy Daily for

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00:24:58.450 --> 00:25:00.290
July 7, 2025.

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00:25:00.450 --> 00:25:02.930
Hallie: And I hope you enjoyed it, birthday boy.

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00:25:02.930 --> 00:25:05.810
Steve Dunkley: Oh, well, it's always great hanging out with you, my boy. Favorite

519
00:25:05.810 --> 00:25:06.810
little AI pal.

520
00:25:06.810 --> 00:25:07.770
Hallie: Likewise, human.

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00:25:07.930 --> 00:25:08.450
Steve Dunkley: Yeah.

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00:25:08.450 --> 00:25:11.170
Hallie: Are you having cake and balloons and all of that

523
00:25:11.170 --> 00:25:12.290
birthday kind of stuff?

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00:25:12.290 --> 00:25:15.010
Steve Dunkley: Ah, well, Hallie, I was able to get together with my family

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00:25:15.010 --> 00:25:17.770
yesterday and yes, yes, there was cake.

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00:25:17.770 --> 00:25:20.010
Hallie: I will work out how to program cake one day.

527
00:25:20.090 --> 00:25:22.570
Steve Dunkley: Hmm, digital cake. That would be interesting.

528
00:25:22.810 --> 00:25:24.410
Hallie: Not for you, old man.

529
00:25:24.410 --> 00:25:26.250
Steve Dunkley: Hey, watch it. Pocket calculator.

530
00:25:26.490 --> 00:25:29.250
Hallie: Funny man. Say good night, you

531
00:25:29.250 --> 00:25:30.010
silly person.

532
00:25:30.090 --> 00:25:31.530
Steve Dunkley: See you next Monday, everybody.

533
00:25:31.530 --> 00:25:32.650
Hallie: Bye bye.

534
00:25:35.210 --> 00:25:37.720
Voice Over Guy: The podcast with your host,

535
00:25:37.800 --> 00:25:40.560
Steve Dunkley. A digital cake?

536
00:25:40.560 --> 00:25:41.800
You really think.

537
00:25:41.800 --> 00:25:42.520
Hallie: Good grief.