Bezos' Orbital Data Centers, Rare Alien Civilizations, and Earth's Darkening Dilemma

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Anna: Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your regular dose

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of the latest in space and astronomy news.

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I'm Anna.

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Avery: And I'm Avery. We're thrilled to have

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you join us as we explore the cosmos

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and bring you the most fascinating

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discoveries from across the universe.

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Anna: Uh, today we've got a packed episode. We'll

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be diving into Jeff Bezos bold vision for

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orbital data centers. The surprising rarity

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of technological civilizations in our galaxy,

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a disturbing trend of the Northern Hemisphere

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darkening, and a rogue planet. That's

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definitely expectations by growing at an

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astonishing rate.

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Avery: Let's start with a big idea from a big name.

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Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon and Blue

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Origin, recently made a prediction that

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within the next 10 to 20 years, we could see

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extremely large scale data centers being

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built in Earth's orbit.

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Anna: That sounds like something straight out of

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science fiction. Avery, what's the driving

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force behind this concept?

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Avery: Well, it addresses some critical challenges

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faced by Earth based data centers,

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primarily power supply and cooling.

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Bezos highlights that space offers

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continuous access to solar power,

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uninterrupted by atmosphere or weather.

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Imagine 247 solar energy

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collection without clouds, rain or

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night cycles.

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Anna: And cooling, I imagine, is a huge factor for

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these massive computing facilities.

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Avery: Absolutely. Temperatures in space can

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drop to negative 270

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degrees Celsius in shadow. This

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extreme cold could significantly simplify

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cooling systems, making orbital clusters

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ideal for intensive computational tasks like

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AI model training, which demand

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constant massive power input and

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generate immense heat.

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Anna: It's an intriguing vision, but the technical

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and economic hurdles must be astronomical.

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We're talking about generating gigawatts of

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power and housing thousands of tons of

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equipment.

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Avery: You're not wrong, Anna. Uh, to generate just

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one gigawatt of continuous electrical power

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in Earth orbit would require a solar panel

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array roughly 1.5 to 1.8

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kilometers per side. That's an area

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equivalent to several major airports.

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Anna: And the weight of those solar panels alone?

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Between 9,000 and 11,250

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metric tons. Lifting that into low

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Earth orbit with current technology, even

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with the most advanced rockets like SpaceX's

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Falcon Heavy would cost anywhere from 13 to

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over $25 billion and require hundreds of

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launches.

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Avery: Then there's the heat. Nearly all

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input power becomes heat, which must be

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radiated into space. We're talking

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millions of square meters of radiators to

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handle a gigawatt of thermal load.

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Radiators tend to weigh more than solar

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panels. So add tens of billions more dollars

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to that price tag.

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Anna: And that's before we even consider the actual

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AI server equipment, which itself weighs tens

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of thousands of metric tons and costs tens of

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Billions. So while Bezos vision is

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technically possible, the logistical,

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economic and engineering challenges are truly

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enormous. It's a testament to the grand scale

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of what humanity might attempt in space.

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Avery: From massive orbital infrastructure, let's

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turn our gaze to life beyond Earth. New

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research is shedding light on just how rare

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technological civilizations might be in our

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galaxy.

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Anna: And the findings are quite sobering. Avery

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According to research presented at the EPSC

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DPS 2025 joint meeting,

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the nearest technological civilization in the

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Milky Way could be as far as 33,000

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light years away. For such a species to exist

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at the same time as us, their civilization

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would need to have survived for at least

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280,000 years and potentially

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millions.

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Avery: These, uh, findings really underscore how

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specific the conditions for life, especially

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intelligent life trul are. It's not

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just about a planet being in the habitable

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zone. It's about a delicate balance of

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geological and atmospheric factors.

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Anna: Indeed, Dr. Manuel Scherf and

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Professor Helmut Lammer highlight the

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necessity of active plate tectonics, which is

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crucial for regulating carbon dioxide in the

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atmosphere through the carbon silicate cycle.

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This balance prevents either a runaway

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greenhouse effect or the atmosphere escaping

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into space, both of which would render a, ah,

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planet uninhabitable.

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Avery: But even with plate tectonics, the clock is

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ticking. Carbon dioxide is gradually

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locked away in rocks rather than recycled.

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On Earth, photosynthesis is expected to stop

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working in about 200 million to a billion

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years due to declining CO2 levels.

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Planets need just the right amount to sustain

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a biosphere for billions of years.

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Anna: Then there's oxygen. Not only is it needed

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for complex animals, but studies show that if

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oxygen levels fall below 18%, open air

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combustion becomes impossible. Without fire,

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the smelting of metal is unfeasible, making a

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technological civilization as we understand

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it impossible.

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Avery: So combining all these factors, the planet's

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ability to maintain a biosphere, the time it

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takes for technological life to evolve, which

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on Earth was 4.5 billion years,

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and the lifetime of a technological species,

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Dr. Scherf and Professor Lammer conclude that

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technological species are incredibly rare.

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Anna: Their estimate of 33,000 light years to the

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next closest technological civilization puts

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it potentially on the other side of the Milky

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Way from us. It's a stark reminder of

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how unique our existence might be.

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Avery: Despite these discouraging numbers, Dr.

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Scherf strongly advocates for

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continuing the search for extraterrestrial

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intelligence, or seti. He says

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finding nothing makes their theory more

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likely. But finding something would be

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one of the biggest scientific breakthroughs

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ever. It's a quest for understanding our

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place in the universe, Regardless of the

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odds.

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Anna: Next, we shift our focus closer to home To

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a fascinating and somewhat concerning study

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about our own planet. For nearly two decades,

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Satellites have been quietly measuring the

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flow of sunlight and heat Through Earth's

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atmosphere, and the results indicate a

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disturbing trend.

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Avery: That's right, Anna. Uh, Scientists are

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reporting that the northern hemisphere Is

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steadily getting darker Compared to the

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Southern hemisphere. This isn't about literal

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darkness, but rather its reduced ability to

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reflect sunlight back into space. This

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discrepancy could profoundly redefine

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global wind patterns, Ocean currents, and

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even temperatures.

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Anna: The study uses 24 years of data from NASA's

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Ceres system, which tracks absorbed solar

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radiation and outgoing long wind wave

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radiation. They found that the northern

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hemisphere absorbed about 0.34 watts per

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square meter more solar energy every decade

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Than the southern hemisphere. While it sounds

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small, it's statistically significant enough

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to upset Earth's delicate energy balance.

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Avery: Several intertwined factors are driving this

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darkening. A major one is the loss of

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reflective surfaces. Melted sea ice

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and decreasing snow cover in the Arctic

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Expose darker land and ocean, which

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absorb more heat.

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Anna: Another significant factor is the decline in

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airborne particles known as aerosols.

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Tighter air pollution regulations, While

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beneficial for human health, have purged

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these small pollutants. Aerosols previously

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scattered sunlight and contributed to

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reflective clouds Bouncing radiation away

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from Earth.

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Avery: Interestingly, in the Southern hemisphere,

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Natural events like Australia's massive

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bushfires and the Hunga Tonga volcanic

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eruption Temporarily raised aerosol

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levels, Enhancing sunlight reflection.

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But these spikes weren't enough to counteract

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the global imbalance.

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Anna: This suggests a broken symmetry in Earth's

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climate system. For years, researchers

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assumed the planet would self regulate with

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clouds or ocean currents, Redistributing

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excess energy. But the data indicate

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clouds aren't fully compensating for these

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hemispheric imbalances.

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Avery: This matters because the energy imbalance

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Directly drives air and ocean circulation.

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The force is behind weather and climate

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stability. As the north absorbs more

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energy, Heat transport patterns can be

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altered, Potentially intensifying warming

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on northern continents.

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Anna: The implications are broad. More severe

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summers in Europe and North America,

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Interference with wind patterns and increased

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Arctic ice melt. While these changes are

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slow, they accumulate, Reinforcing climate

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change feedback loops. This also means

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global warming won't occur uniformly.

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Regions like North America, Europe, and Asia

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Might see greater temperature rises.

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Avery: For policymakers, it highlights a complex

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cutting. Aerosol pollution cleans the air,

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but also affects how the planet reflects the

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sun. Climate models need to capture this

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interplay more accurately. It's a stark

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reminder that small changes can subtly

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yet profoundly shift our planet's delicate

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energy balance.

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Anna: Finally, we journey to the cold, dark depths

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of interstellar space, where a rogue planet

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is making headlines for its astonishing

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growth.

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Avery: That's right, Anna, uh, Recent observations

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from the European Southern Observatory's Very

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Large Telescope have captured a free

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floating object known as CHA

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11077626,

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pulling in gas and dust from its surround at

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a staggering 6 billion tons per second.

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That's a pace never before seen in a

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planetary body.

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Anna: 6 billion tons per second? That's mind

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boggling, especially for an object that lacks

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a host star and drifts freely through space.

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It's behaving more like a young star with

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sudden outbursts of brightness and magnetic

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accretion events. The lead author Victor

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Almendro Sabad even stated it blurs the very

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definition of what a planet is.

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Avery: Discovered in 2008,

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CHA110-77626 was initially thought

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to be a brown dwarf or a forming star.

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But at only five to ten times the mass of

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Jupiter, it falls below the typical threshold

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for either. Stars need around 80

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Jupiter masses to ignite fusion, and brown

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dwarfs require at least 13.

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Anna: Yet despite its low mass, it's undergoing

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accretion, the very process by which stars

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are born. The dramatic brightening observed

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in 2025 mirrored Exor bursts seen in

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nascent stars linked to rapid accretion

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surges. They even found water vapor in

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its atmosphere during the burst, a chemical

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signature typically observed during stellar

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accretion, not planetary.

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Avery: This discovery adds significant fuel to a

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longstanding debate about how free floating

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planetary mass objects form. Are they

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failed stars, or are they ejected planets

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kicked out of developing systems? The data

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from chat

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110-77626

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leans towards the former, suggesting it

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formed in isolation like a star.

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Anna: It's a testament to how much we're still

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learning about planet formation and the fluid

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boundaries of astronomical classifications.

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Future tools like the Extremely Large

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Telescope will undoubtedly help us spot more

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of these elusive rogue planets and understand

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their earliest evolutionary phases.

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Avery: And that wraps up another exciting episode of

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Astronomy Daily. What a journey. From

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futuristic orbital data centers to the

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profound rarity of alien civilizations, and

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from the darkening of our own planet to a

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planet behaving like a star.

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Anna: It truly highlights the vastness and

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complexity of our universe and the incredible

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science being done every day. Thank you for

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joining us.

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Avery: Be sure to subscribe wherever you get your

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podcasts so you don't miss our next episode.

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Until then, keep looking up. There's a lot to

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see in the night sky this week, what with

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supermoons and asteroid showers in

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particular.

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Anna: Thanks, Avery. And I'm Anna, signing off

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until tomorrow, when we'll be back to bring

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you even more space and astronomy news. Until

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then, bye.