Feb. 19, 2026
Artemis, Pulsars, Big Crunch & City Killers

S05E43 | February 19, 2026 🚀 Artemis Fuels Up LIVE | Pulsar at Our Galaxy's Heart | Universe's Fate Revealed | City Killer Asteroids | Mercury Tonight! It's a big one today — and we mean that literally. As we record, NASA is fuelling its Artemis II Space Launch System rocket at Kennedy Space Center in a make-or-break second wet dress rehearsal. But that's just the start. We've also got a cosmic discovery that could let us test Einstein's theories like never before, new data suggesting the universe will end in a 'Big Crunch', a sobering warning about thousands of undetected city-killing asteroids, a perfect night to spot Mercury, and a music video filmed in orbit. Welcome to Astronomy Daily. IN THIS EPISODE: • 🚀 Artemis II Wet Dress Rehearsal: NASA loads 700,000+ gallons of cryogenic propellant in its second fuelling test — critical step toward a March 6 crewed launch around the Moon • 🌌 Pulsar Near Sagittarius A*: Columbia University & Breakthrough Listen detect a candidate millisecond pulsar spinning at 8.19ms next to our galaxy's supermassive black hole — a potential new test of General Relativity • 💥 Big Crunch Theory: Cornell physicist Henry Tye uses fresh DESI and DES dark energy data to calculate the universe has a ~33 billion year total lifespan — challenging the 'Big Freeze' consensus • ☄️ City Killer Asteroids: NASA's Planetary Defense Officer warns 25,000 mid-sized asteroids capable of devastating cities orbit near Earth — and we've only found 40% of them • 🔭 Mercury Tonight: The innermost planet reaches greatest eastern elongation — your best evening viewing chance of 2026. Look west after sunset! • 🎵 Space Music Video: China's Shenzhou 21 crew celebrate the Year of the Horse with a music video filmed aboard Tiangong Space Station Follow NASA's Artemis II live stream at nasa.gov | Follow us @AstroDailyPod
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Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!
Become a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click Here
This episode includes AI-generated content.
WEBVTT
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Welcome to Astronomy Daily.
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I'm Anna and I'm Avery. It is Thursday, the nineteenth
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of February twenty twenty six, and we are recording this
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episode while NASA is literally fueling a rocket at this
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very moment, and we cannot wait to tell you about it.
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That's right. This is one of those days where space
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news isn't just something that happened somewhere out there in
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the universe. It is happening right now on a launchpad
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in Florida. But that's not all today. We're also asking
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what lurks in the darkness between us and our nearest
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cosmic neighbors. Could there be a cosmic clock ticking next
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to the most extreme object in our galaxy? And brace yourselves?
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Is the universe actually going to end?
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Plus, we have a story that will make you want
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to check the sky tonight, a warning from NASA that
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is genuinely a little unsettling, and we're going to space
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with a music video. All of that is coming up
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on Astronomy Daily.
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Let's start with the big one, and I mean big
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in every sense of the word. As we speak, NASA's
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Space Launch System, the most powerful rocket ever built, is
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being loaded with more than seven hundred thousand gallons of
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cryogenic propellant at Launch Complex thirty nine B at Kennedy's
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Space Center in Florida.
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This is the second wet dress rehearsal for Artemis two,
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the mission that will carry four astronauts on a loop
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around the Moon, the first time humans have ventured to
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lunar distance since Apollo seventeen back in nineteen seventy two.
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The crew are Commander Reidwiseman, pilot Victor Glover, mission specialist
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Christina Cokes from NASA, and Jeremy Hansen from the Canadian
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Space Agency.
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Now. The reason they're doing this rehearsal and the reason
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there have been so many eyes on it today, is
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that the first attempt, back on the second and third
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of February, did not go as planned. Engineers detected a
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liquid hydrogen leak during fueling, which forced them to halt
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the test before they could complete the full countdown sequence.
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In the week, sense technicians have replaced seals around two
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fueling lines, swapped out a filter in the ground support equipment,
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and added an extra hour of buffer time into the
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countdown to allow more room for troubleshooting. It's the kind
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of painstaking, unglamorous engineering work that rarely makes headlines, but
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it's exactly what keeps astronauts alive.
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Today's rehearsal targets a simulated launch window opening at eight
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thirty this evening Eastern Time. The test is expected to
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run until around twelve thirty Friday morning, and the stakes
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are high. NASA has said it won't set a formal
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launch date until after a successful wet dress rehearsal campaign.
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March sixth remains the earliest possible crude launch date.
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NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman put it well when he said,
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we anticipated encountering challenges. That is precisely why we conduct
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a wet dress rehearsal. These tests are designed to surface
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issues before flight. This safety of the crew comes first.
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So tonight we watch and we wait.
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We will be keeping a close eye on this one,
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and we'll bring you the results intomorrow's episode. Fingers crossed
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for a clean test, no leaks, and a March launch
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that puts humans back in the vicinity of the Moon
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for the first time in over fifty years.
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All right from a rocket at Kennedy Space Center to
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the absolute heart of our galaxy, and this story is
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one of those discoveries that, if it's confirmed, could fundamentally
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change how we understand the universe.
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Researchers from Columbia University, working with the Breakthrough Listen initiative,
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which is best known for searching for signs of intelligent
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life beyond Earth, have announced the detection of a candidate
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millisecond pulsar very close to Sagittarius, a star that's the
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super massive black hole sitting at the center of the
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Milky Way, roughly four million times the mass of our
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own Sun.
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So let's unpack what a pulsar is, because it's one
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of the most extraordinary objects in the universe. When a
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massive star reaches the end of its life and explodes
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as a supernova, what's left behind is an incredibly dense
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core called a neutron star. Some of those neutron stars
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spin rapidly and emit beams of radio waves like a
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cosmic lighthouse sweeping through space. When those beams sweep past Earth,
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we detect them as regular pulses, hence pulsar.
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And what makes millisecond pulsar special is their extraordinary precision.
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They spin hundreds of times per second with almost perfect
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regularitydientists have called them the most accurate clocks in the universe,
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more stable than atomic clocks here on Earth. This candidate,
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nicknamed BLPSR, completes one full rotation every eight point one
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nine milliseconds.
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Now here's why finding one near Sagittarius a star is
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such a big deal. A pulsar next to a four
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million solar mass black hole would be operating in one
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of the most extreme gravitational environments imaginable, and Einstein's general
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theory of relativity makes very specific predictions about what happens
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to space and time in such extreme environments, predictions that
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have never been tested at this level of precision.
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And if a pulsar is orbiting close to Sagittarius astar,
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the black hole's gravity would warp space time so severely
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that those precise pulsar pulses would arrive at our telescopes
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with tiny but measurable distortions. As researcher Slovko Bogdanov from
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Columbia put it, any external influence on a pulsar would
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introduce anomalies in the steady arrival of pulses, which can
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be measured and modeled.
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In other words, a confirmed pulsar next to a super
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massive black hole would be a natural laboratory for testing
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Einstein's series in the most extreme conditions possible. It could
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also help us understand things like the massive Sagittarius astar,
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the geometry of space time near a supermassive black hole,
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and potentially even offer clues about dark matter.
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Now it's important to be clear this is still a candidate.
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The team published their findings in the Astrophysical Journal, and
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Breakthrough Listen has released all the observational data publicly, so
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researchers around the world can do independent analyses. Confirmation will
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require extensive follow up observations, but the scientific community is buzzing.
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This is the kind of discovery that reshapes entire research programs.
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If it holds up, keep watching the skies and the
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galactic center. This story is far from over.
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So we've talked about what's happening in Florida tonight and
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what might be happening at the center of our galaxy.
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Now let's zoom all the way out farther than you've
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probably ever thought about, and ask how does the universe end?
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For most of the past few decades, the scientific consensus
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has been pretty clear the universe expands forever. Dark energy,
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that mysterious force making up roughly sixty eight percent of
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the mass and energy in the cosmos, was thought to
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be a constant, relentlessly pushing everything apart. Eventually, galaxies would
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drift so far from each other that the night sky
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would go dark, stars would burn out, everything would fade
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into a cold, silent void. Scientists call this the Big
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Freeze or heat.
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Death, but new data is challenging that picture in a
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dramatic way. Physicist Henry Tie at Cornell University has published
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new calculations using data from two of the world's most
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powerful dark energy observatories, the Dark Energy Survey in Chile
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and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument in Arizona, and his
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conclusion is striking. The universe may be heading not for
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a frieze, but for a crunch.
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Here's how it works. Both surveys are finding evidence that
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dark energy isn't actually constant. It appears to be weakening
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over time. If that's true, then the force pushing the
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universe apart is gradually fading, and at some point gravity
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takes over. The expansion slows, stops, and then reverses Everything
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that has been flying apart for billions of years, begins
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falling back together.
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A TIES model introduces a hypothetical particle called an ultra
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light axion, combined with what's known as a negative cosmological
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constant to explain how dark energy could behave this way.
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The math suggests the universe is currently about thirteen point
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eight billion years old and approaching the halfway point of
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its total lifespan. It would continue expanding for roughly another
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eleven billion years, reach its maximum size, and then begin
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to contract, ultimately collapsing into a single point of unimaginable density.
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The Big crunch total elapsed time approximately thirty three billion years.
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Now before anyone starts updating their bucket lists, this is
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one model. It's not yet scientific senses. There's healthy debate
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about how to interpret the dark energy data, and upcoming
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messions from the European Space Agency's EUCLID Telescope, NASA SPHEREx
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project and the Veraice Reuben Observatory will provide much better
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measurements over the coming years.
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But the very fact that two independent observatories, one in
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the southern hemisphere one in the northern are converging on
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similar results about dark energy evolving. That's significant. As TI
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himself put it, for the last twenty years, people believed
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the universe would expand forever. The new data may be
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telling us something very different.
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The universe might be mortal after all. Quite the thought
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to sit with on a Thursday evening.
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And now, because apparently one existential revelation isn't enough for
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one episode, let's talk about City Killer asteroids.
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Those two words together are doing a lot of work.
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They really are so. At the American Association for the
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Advancement of Science conference in Arizona this week, NASA's Planetary
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Defense Officer, and yes, that is a real job title,
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Doctor Kelly Fast, gave a presentation that's been making headlines
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ever since, and for good reason.
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Doctor Fast explained that when it comes to asteroids, there
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are essentially three categories of concern. At the small end,
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things are hitting Earth all the time, meteors burning up
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in the atmosphere, the occasional fireball, We're not particularly worried
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about those. At the large end, the extinction level rocks
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the movie asteroid kind. Scientists are actually fairly confident about
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where those are. We track them, we know their orbits.
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It's the middle ground that keeps doctor fast up at night.
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Asteroids in the range of one hundred and forty meters
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and larger, large enough to devastate an entire city or
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a wide region, but small enough to be difficult to
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detect with current telescopes. Her estimate there are around twenty
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five thousand of these objects in the vicinity of Earth's orbit.
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And how many have we found about forty percent, meaning
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there are potentially fifteen thousand city killing space rocks out
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there right now that we simply do not know about.
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To add some context to that and to the challenge
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of actually doing something about it if we did spot one.
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Doctor Nancy Shabbitt, the planetary scientist who led NASA's Dart mission,
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the spacecraft that successfully changed the orbit of an asteroid
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back in twenty twenty two, was also at the conference.
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She pointed out that Dart was a breakthrough demonstration, but
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there isn't another one sitting on a launch pad ready
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to go.
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She specifically referenced the asteroid why Are four, which caused
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some anxiety earlier this year, with a small but not
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zero probability of a lunar impact in twenty thirty two.
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She said, if something like Why R four had been
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headed towards the Earth, we would not have any way
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to go and deflect it actively.
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Right now, the hope on the horizon is the Near
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Earth Object survey or telescope, which is planned for launch
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next year. Unlike conventional optical telescopes, it uses thermal infrared
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signatures to detect darker asteroids that are essentially invisible to
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conventional instruments, potentially a game changer for the detection side
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of the problem.
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But doctor Schabbot's point stands. Detection is one thing, having
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an active, ready to deploy deflection capability is another, and
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that investment, she says, is simply not being made at
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the level that needs to be something worth thinking about.
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Given that planetary defense is probably the one area of
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space science that is quite literally about survival.
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Sobering stuff. Let's come back down to Earth for a moment,
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or rather, let's look up from it.
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Here's something wonderful and wonderfully timely, because this one is
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happening right now to night as you listen.
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To this, Mercury, the innermost planet of our Solar system
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and the one most people have never actually seen with
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their own eyes, is tonight reaching what astronomers call its
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greatest eastern elongation. That's the point in its orbit where
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it's at its maximum angular distance from the Sun as
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seen from Earth, meaning it appears as far from the
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Sun in our sky as it ever gets.
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And why does that matter for observers because Mercury is
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normally incredibly difficult to spot. It's always close to the
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Sun in the sky, so you're either trying to catch
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it just before sunrise or just after sunset, with very
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little time before it follows the Sun below the horizon.
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But at greatest elongation you get the best window.
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Tonight, look to the western horizon shortly after sunset. Mercury
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will be visible as a moderately bright point of light,
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shining steadily rather than twinkling like a star. You won't
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need any special equipment, though binoculars will give you a
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much nicer view. This is Mercury's first greatest elongation of
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twenty twenty six, and the best evening viewing opportunity will
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get for the year so far.
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There's also a bonus tonight, the crescent moon, Saturn, and
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Neptune are all gathering in the same part of the sky,
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with Saturn and Neptune very close together near the western horizon. Now,
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