El papel de la mujer en la historia

0:05 Done hello everyone as it is there. My name is Juan Jesús Vallejo. I' m a journalist, writer and director of the Mystery Night program on Caracol Radio. They went from making priestesses and goddesses to being burned by the Holy Inquisition. During the Middle Ages, the role of women over time has not been easy, relegated to the background, even discriminated against for millennia. However, there were women who were able to cope with this. For example, Cleopatra, Egypt' s last pharaoh. This woman who knew countless languages at that time, who was an intellectual, with her beauty and her intelligence, was able to put in check the greatest power of the time Roman empire centuries later, for example, and Homeland of Alexandria. She was the scientific woman who recovered all the values and all the science that was in the ancient library of this city of Alexandria, in Egypt, and that cost her.

1:19 Life was executed by the Coptic Christian followers of the time, in short, women who were rebels and who faced their destiny. But if you want to know much more about this, don' t lose. The last mystery night podcast on Caracol Radio, The role of women in mystery night history. Juan Jesús Vallejo was named Margaret thel Born in the year 1, 800 seventy- six in Holland, in the midst of a very humble family. His father was a hatter since childhood, wrapped in hatred and violence to his parents, with a thousand problems in the house. They ended up separating and she was a charitable institution to study, an institution in which she suffered abuse by her teachers. At the age of nineteen he left that institution and married a military man, his specific name Rudolf Macleot. He marries Rudolf Macleot and this military

2:52 man is sent to Indonesia, specifically to the island of Java. There she is also again victim of nora abuse and her husband' s alcohol problems, so she decides to return to Europe and become a dancer, the first erotic dancer in history, with the name Matahari, which means in Malay eye of the day. He invented a whole history of his past life, which was false, said that he was a princess, left, dyed his skin in darker colors to look oriental and in the coffee shops of different places in Europe began to dance wrapped in silky cloths. She said she had learned the secret dances of Hinduism, the dances the courtesans did to the majarajas in India.

3:58 And the fact is that, with the contoneo of his hips, Europe went mad and began to meet characters of a lot of money and had sex with them for much more money. And that woman who had trouble in her life because of men, decided to take advantage of her beauty to get as much money as possible. And this was until World War I came and in Madrid, in one of those coffee shops, he met the German ambassador Arnold bonn Cale and Arnon Bong Callet offered to be a spy of the German Empire and then, when he had relations with French officials, he took information from them that sent his code name to Germany or r to GNS H two one.

5:02 But he was a double agent, since the men had mistreated him. He did the same with the French. He had relations with German characters of some importance and passed information to the French deep down. Matahari, I repeat her name, Margaretzel, was a once convulsive seeker, where she was born into a very humble family, I repeat, and in addition, men always mistreated her. The fact is that, I repeat, its beauty drove Europe mad. And so it was until the fifteenth of October of a thousand nine hundred and seventeen. A few days earlier, Matahari was arrested by the French secret services. Your crime of spying was really a double agent. So little of the information she moved had great relevance. The reality of this intrahistory that has appeared in different media for a few years now is that France was going so badly in the war that it occurred to them to put a Turkish head someone famous like Matahari to blame him for the disasters that were on the front.

6:26 And that 15th of October of nineteen hundred and seventeen, Hari killed was shot and went as far as the platoon was waiting for her along with two nuns and her lawyer and this lady who made history and became legend. Just before the firing squad ended her life, she said not to cover her face that she wanted to see her executioners, the same men who had mistreated her throughout her life and before she was shot, she kissed them and winked. I imagine those children of the firing squad, trembling before such wonderful beauty the story of Marta Hari Margarethel, a woman who drove Europe mad, a woman who was a seeker, I repeat in a time convulsive and violent, victimized by violence by many men. And I tell you the story of Margaret Zel because today' s show is about the role of women in history. Thousands of years of self- degradation went from being goddesses in ancient times to witches in the inquisition and burned at the stake. However, without women, neither you nor I could exist, as they are our mothers, a totally mistreated figure

7:58 throughout history that now, from the beginning of the twentieth century, begins to have the role it deserves in society, a strong embrace to all mothers and all women. Never stop dreaming. You will be what you want to be like that sensual adventurer matajari, challenging a changing world and at war at the beginning of the 20th century, a woman who, by her talent and sensuality, became a legend. My name is Juan Jesús Vallejo. What you want to follow me on social media. In my tweets, Juan ge Vallejo, Juan j Vallejo, on Instagram and Facebook Juan Jesús Vallejo. And this is another mystery night show. And here what we do is mystery journalism. We put the facts on the table and you decide what is behind it and that not today a program where we are going to dive in the life and work of fascinating women in history, women who were breakers in their time and who marked an entire epoch. You know I' m doing an author' s trip. In the second fortnight of September of this year I will be making an author' s trip to Egypt, to sail through the magical Hilo, to walk along the lavish shadow of the pyramids on the Giza plateau, to find and rediscover a magical world full of mystery on a journey that I assure

9:31 you will be transformative. All the information of this trip you have more travel Juan Jesús Vallejo com on the web travel Juan Jesús Vallejo, com through to live the mystery and the magic. And anyway, I also have to tell you that tremendously happy because the data from Caracol Radio this month has been tremendous for specifically, eighteen million listeners a day of the s So we are the first radio group in Colombia. Alejandro Bernal, as you were, buddy, good night. Very well, Juan, a greeting for You, for Richie, for all the listeners, not only on the night of the mystery, but for Caracol Radio for making Prisa Media the most important radio group in the country nge with a figure of forty- two million listeners spread across all the platforms of Prisa Media, among which are involved the radio, the streaming, the social networks and other platforms of distribution Juange and a consolidation of musical brands, of the musical stations of Prisa Media, which consolidate a figure of twenty - eight million listeners. Thank you very much to all of you for being part of this great family haste Amidia, of which we are here on Caracol Radio, leading the information stations Juan Gel Radio spoken. It is a privilege for you to allow us to reach your homes. And thank you all very much for making us the most listened podcast in Colombia. Many thanks to all, the woman at the base of the society John Gef Ah. Yes,

11:03 I mean, it' s that simple and we should have a program not only because of the importance that many women have in history, because they had also asked us on social networks and this time, Juange we have a great teacher of journalism friend of the house, not only of Caracol Radio, but the program Nesto arming the sate and with him we are doing a tour with some of the most impressive women in history, some exciting stories, adventurous women advanced all their time. And, as the master ourestor said, arming the sate, there are many girls, there are many women and many men who think that feminism is something new And today we are going to show that feminism is very old, especially that there are some very women who anticipated everything.

11:48 There were women who fought so that, in fact, to have a place in society, there is a very remarkable place in society. And, moreover, in time to exact convulsion, I do not have time to interview or half the script as always, but you will understand in this podcast really what was the role of women in history, as many of them were commendable fighters and the interview with Nestor al Mando Alzate torn off like this, the woman was relegated in history always a background, since we lived in total and absolutely patriarchal societies. Today, however, what we want to talk about is the role of women in the history of some women who changed history, of some women who, because of their intelligence, their courage or other issues, really left a mark on history, just as we are going to talk about, for example, how they were so unfairly persecuted by the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages for centuries by the Holy Inquisition, a role of women in history that was not really easy. But the person who has a wonderful YouTube channel that is already almost about 2, 000 subscribers that has been made, I think YouTube is more important in mystery journalism in Colombia, but in Latin America.

13:07 He' s my good friend, Nestor Almando Alzate, who has a YouTube channel called Nestor Armando Alzate and super recommended logic YouTube channel and who has made a lot of videos about one of these women. Nestor friend, how are you, John, thank you so much with Jesus. A greeting to Alejo bernal for all listeners of mystery night in snail and seriously that if I am among those of Latin America, not I still do not believe it? That I have certain I' m going for 190, 000 subscribers, I still don' t believe it. But if they' re tall, I assume for one to say good, because right now they were telling me.

13:48 I met someone saying hello youtuber, I youtuber, yes, because I don ' t believe it. Anyway, I' m deeply pleased to do what I do, tell stories. I live with every story I tell is my life itself. And if, besides that, I am invited to a program as a night of mystery and I am invited by a portent of mystery journalist Juan Jesús Vallejo, and a journalist so applied with as much knowledge as bernal legit, I feel the most privileged of all privileged and we are another happy to have tetica. We haven' t had you in months, and he was already telling people why you' re not taking Nestor out, since it ' s easy that I' m calling him and getting back from the other time. Here to Nestor arming up and here, Alejandro and I also let him make tremendously happy to see your success on YouTube how he shot himself and friend, you deserve it for your work, because you are a juror who, to a large extent, that to a large extent is due to the two of you to a large extent this is happening. Thank you so much.

14:58 Again, I won' t get tired of saying it. Here I become a little brotherly family, in the mystery family, since we are four madmen. I love that there is this community born in Colombia as in all of Latin America. Hey, Nestor, why you' ve started putting in more videos about women' s history lately. Now that it' s happened, just last week was the date for Women' s Day. Why you ' ve started putting a lot more women' s stories on your YouTube channel. Why? Why? John Jesus, I believe that throughout history we have been very unjust to women and I believe that they, in the hour of truth, have been the true builders of humanity, for good or for evil.

15:43 Remember that Louis XIV, when someone came to them with a problem, the first thing that asked Chechel the fam who the woman is, because it was assumed that, if it was good, there was a woman and if it was bad, there was also a woman behind it. And even those that have been considered perverse to say have been portents of women tell me Cleopatra, for example, Catherine, the great one? Imagine Catherine, the great Who more, not many, many, that is, and Patia of Alexandria, yes, patia of Alexandria, Aspasia, the great philosopher Agnodiche, who was the first gynecobstetra that existed, that is, even something that we do daily when someone says do not do it to me in the bathroom of Mary Mary, the Jew, the alchemist, who invented that in the first century of Christ' s Chris, that is, you find that always, always, always, always, there is a woman, for example, someone who molded Europe remembers it was the Lionor of Aquitaine, who was the wife of two kings, who was queen of two nations, wife of Louis VII of Frank and wife of Henry II of England, and who practically for her, because they fought for a beard. I don' t know if you know that story. I' ll tell you that very quickly. We have time, tell me calmly. It turns out she married Louis VII of France.

17:17 His father was a feudal man who owned all the French Brittany, Aquitaine, all bitten, owner of half France. And then, obviously, he gave King Louis VII of France as dowry for her all that territory. Turns out they left the first crusade. She left with her husband and was active in the camps and so on, a woman of arms to take and beautiful. And then it turns out that when they came back, he shaved, cut his beard. He told her no precon you' re going to cut your beard and that' s where your charm is and he said no. I cut it.“ Let it grow there,” he said“ Then they did not start a marriage dispute over a beard. Then came the time when they simply divorced. They handled the popes at that time that gave them the honors they wanted. They separated and soon married Henry II of England. Then he asked the King of France to return his dowry to him all that Middle France territory for obvious reasons. The King said no. I don' t give that back to him. Then began the war of the hundred years, which lasted three hundred and one years, from a thousand one hundred and fifty - two to a thousand three hundred and fifty- four hundred years, and

18:48 began with a shaved beard. She hit England. She was the mother of Ricardo Corazón, of Leon and of John without land those two Englishmen, the one who stood out in the crusades, who did not want to rule, but rather to be a knight- errant, and the other, who was one of the most perverse beings who ever existed than to the influence of him, was that Robin Hood grew up. He was the one who, by his attitude, caused the feudal lords to get confused with him and demand that he sign a document in which they proclaimed equality of human beings. Everyone has the right to a fair trial, all that is the basic principles of fundamental rights that were then made manifest in the French Revolution. It was there the Magna Carta in one thousand two hundred fifteen, and Leonor of Aquitaine was the mother of them two, wife of Louis VII, wife of Henry II and who molded Europe from that war of the hundred years Leonor of Aquitaine and it is holy to see why your Canal is successful. It also has tonal of accounts those stories very well in memory, indecision and notice for not shaving the truth. Some bezan have to give you something impressive about Leonor of Aquitaine, about what Master Néstor Armando said. It is that it is told here, at the Second Crusade, when Bernardo arrives to declare and urges the monarch of France to be part of this campaign, because Leonor of Aquitaine says that I

20:21 hardly go with you. The monarch didn' t want to, but she said I' m a woman of arms to take. I' m going to go to the front, I' m going to accompany the gentlemen. Then wonderful this story. Juan Gel I got into him exactly and a woman who at least for his time. She had a vision and an attitude far ahead of the era in which she lived. And you can talk about one of the first feminists. It is that, among other things, this tale of feminism is supposed to be very modern. But feminist sea than Cleopata, yes, of course, feminist sea than lion Or de Aquitaine, more feminist than Catherine the Great than Cristina of Sweden. No, please, they were women who had the possibility to be protagonists, but they did not give him the leading role, but they took it because the men did not allow them.

21:11 Remember that the famous law of salica yes, well, that follows people, s woman is still in force in many countries. The Sálica law in Spain, for example, yes, of course in Spain, that is, the king already has, but because it is first- born, the law is still in force, of course, because it is the second cousin a sister. If the second had been a brother, he would have been the second king and she was not the king, he was the heir. That ' s why I did it. I think Felipe Major both, the two sisters are older than Cristina and Elena are older than him. He is the youngest, but by Salic law, he is the king of Spain. Yes, of course, the salica continues to work clearly many countries, that good.

22:00 I imagine that within the time here you don' t need to change it, because this had two daughters and so there was no trouble. But if not, I don' t know if they' d changed it, what would have happened. I really don' t know. They set out how smart women are, which is the first thing, the same thing that happened. Tell me the first thing, the same thing that happened with Isabel II. Yes, of course they were only two sisters Eji Margarita had no sons. Yeah, yeah, or in that case back in England it doesn ' t work. Yes, because they call Queen Victoria. But the queen victory was because there was no descendant, no male heir. But I guess that' s where they opened a lot more and became in that sense more liquefied. I don' t know. I wouldn' t be betting, uh, I wouldn' t be betting on the British crown being more modern than the Spanish one. I don' t know if it continues to work from that perspective of the law of salt, no more because remember that it also had, remember that before it had several queens, remember that you to Bloody Mary, Mary of the Bloody, who was the daughter of Henry VIII, with Catherine of Aragon, Mary Tudor, she rose to the throne after her brother Edward VI, who was Henry' s son with Joan Seymour in his third marriage, was born very fragile and very weak. He managed to rule for two or three years. Then Mary Tudor ascended to the throne.

23:26 Isabel was very little. Then first this Edward VI, then Mary goes up the bloody one. She' s almost known by the story Bloody Mary, and then Isabel I. And then I think there was another queen for ten days who was like the one called bu at last, a ten- day queen. In any case, in England, the tradition in that regard has been a little broader in terms of the place of women as queens. So then we have those queens plus victory, plus Elizabeth II. They do not call the Victorian era that history passed with the Industrial Revolution and against what happened at that time. They said if the women are smart, that, for example, the first text of the story that is signed in the ancient Sumeria did it in de Joanna, in de Giuana, the first time in history that we read a text where there is a signature that was, for example, one were poems and other stories, because that was a woman, the princess in de Joanna, and as so deep in Cleopatra, let' s start talking about women that I think they made average in the story. In addition, Cleopatra very fashionable throughout the series is that it has come out in Netflix and with all the controversy, because the very good eye friend of mine tell me, but my eye friend that in Egypt there were also other very powerful women that Shop Hubs sto Nefertiti, Yes, remember. They were also a de facto reign by a good Ofertiti. No. Nefeltiti was Pharaoh'

24:59 s wife, she was not, she was not queen, it was not since mouse. Indeed, unless he was regent. It was regent, something like that doesn' t catch. But I believe I would swear not that when they take away that Nathon directly put the son Tutankamon, well his name wasn' t your Tancamo, his name was you so Catón and then they changed his name. And, well, this was a fight that basically wasn ' t even a son but a son- in- law. It wasn ' t my son' s son. He was not the son of Eperti, he was the son of Fertit, he was the son of Nefertiti and Amenoffi. Fourth to Kenatton, but like the priests of the temple of Carnac.

25:41 The priests of Ammon had called a wire that you can' t imagine and all the priests of Egypt because of Menofi. Fourth, what it does is it changes the Egyptian religion, it changes the capital, it' s going to have the marna and you say there' s only one god Atom who is the love of the Sun and such and blah speaks. And all this, then the priests were biting because they took away their economic power and when someone took away the silver they got quite angry. But, well, let' s get into this thing about women, women who well changed the Cleopatra character story. Indeed, Queen Habssut She was thus a queen who left a legacy in Egypt Tremendo. It has a temple in the queen' s valley. He left one of the most important obelisks in fifth to prove his power and spent a lot and said on public works and look. After his death, his own son had his statues cut off his nose to kill him in the afterlife to end his memory. Look, that' s cruel.

26:41 But we' re gonna get into this one anyway. Ma' am, I said who plays. He said absust to a character who also put on a beard or a false iriaca to look like a man when he appeared before the people and indeed left some of the most impressive obelisks of Egypt and one who weighed in the temple of carn seven hundred fifty thousand kilos. To be exact, it is huge, huge, huge and rose to the same height as other great pharaohs in Egypt. But like human beings, we are like that. His own son had his nose cut from the statues to kill his memory and kill his soul in the hereafter, God we were talking not only of Nefertiti, but of the last queen of Egypt, the last Pharaoh of Egypt. I think, to bring the interview with Nestor to Command Alzate, continues ah Yes, I don' t remember the name of Habsessut' s son. If I have mosis, let' s ask the lord that he knows everything and we find out right now to see the son of would perhaps be a mosis. Third, maybe so, because I don' t know.

27:52 I' d rather say the exact thing. That' s the least of it, but let' s go then. I think it was like I know what I' m going to have a lot of Cleopatra. Well, basically you have to think that Egypt is three thousand years of history and talking about Egypt always has its complexity. And there is a moment in the fourth century BC, when a lord named Alexander the Great conquers Egypt and from there begins the kingdom of the Greek Pharaohs or Pharaohs Pharaohs, since the first Pharaoh after Alexander the Great, because Alexander the Great was crowned Pharaoh after his death, Alexander the Great was one of his best generals, his close friend, who was all Lomeo and the dynasty of the Ptolemy, which lasts three centuries until the end of the Empire. There it ends, Egypt ends, that is, Cleopatra was the last pharaoh of Egypt. That must be said.

28:49 So clear and from there the story changes. Well, she' s a very curious woman. Look through to read a plutarco text so you can see how it defines it and I think it' s clear, plus maybe she wasn' t so pretty, but not counting what literal plutarco says I saw to read it, but she deserves the pain. This text pretends that its beauty considered in itself, was not so incomparable as to cause astonishment and admiration, but its treatment was such that it was impossible to resist the charms of its sworn ones supported by the gentleness of its preservation and by all the graces that came from a happy personality left in mind, a sting that penetrated even the most alive, possessed an infinite voluptuousness when speaking and so much sweetness and harmony in the sound of his voice, that his tongue was like an instrument of several strings that he handled easily and from which he extracted as well as the most delicate nuances of language suited him. I mean, the lady was talking. It was an amazing thing to say that Cleopatra' s case is quite strange at the time, because she as a child as a principle wasn' t going to be for Honda. She had several brothers and also had an older sister than she did, well, she' s a little girl who starts educating her to be a scholar and a great scientist and a

30:21 great diplomat. And he read and wrote Greek, Aramaic, Ethiopian Arabic, Hebrew Medo, Latin and Egyptian birth, that is, barbarity, speaking, reading and writing them. In addition, she was taught in mathematics, philosophy, astronomy, medicine, history, political science, literature and music, that is, she had a brutal education. Now that is true, contrary to what the people who say one think, the Ptolemians, the Greek Pharaohs, who were a very educated people and such that truth that they were among them they killed each other, that it gave joy, that is, between brothers, cousins, uncles nephews they killed each other. But we go with a famous tranquility and that' s what happens to her from the minute one, when her father dies, that she didn' t have the right to be Pharaoh. They say she was their father' s favorite. It is a sister of hers who takes power and her sister tells me it is the one who takes power and then, after a civil war, dies. Then she was forced to marry her brother, because the Greek farpons took the same custom as the Egyptian pharaohs who married brothers and in the midst of all this mess of skirts and controversies and problems. Among them, appears the most powerful lord

31:56 of the time at that time, Julius Caesar. And this changes everything, that is, Rome was already very clear that Egypt had to be part of Rome, because if it wanted to maintain legions, conquering the world and maintaining the famous Roman peace, they needed the barn of the Mediterranean, which was the Nile River, that is, so much Grano came out of the or, not so much gram the pantry of Rome, of Rome, of the whole Mediterranean. If there was a shortage in the Nile, it was necessary to make wheat throughout the Mediterranean. So, of course, that' s why it was so fundamental to control Egypt. She wanted to comment on this and when, when, when Julius Caesar arrives, it is because she is confronted with her little husband. It was a boy, It was a boy Ptolemy evergetes thirteen and it turns out that they go at war, They face them both for the throne and there appears Julius Caesar, you remember. I wish I had seen that painting, that painting show, when she managed to, because she had to, but she managed to get to Julius Caesar and she came back on a carpet and came in and sent him a gift from Queen Cleopatra and released the carpet, pulled on the tip and rolled her body out in a transparent robe and the old boy who was already forty- six, forty- seven, thirty- four, fifty- four, the same thing that I have right now. I used to slug out where his drool

33:28 came out and lost the year with her, of course because a guy came in. The slave was called Apollodoro, it was the one they say was very, very strong, because of course, then he had to disguise so that the blanket looked like a blanket and they didn' t realize that there was a woman inside. Then it must be borne in mind that Julius Caesar arrives with two legions to Alexandria. There they are in full dispute with her brother. Indeed, they say the brother was a breed and he really handled it. They were all the corrupt scenarios in the country. And then, of course, he comes to this Apollo Doro says they bring a gift to Julius Caesar. They let him in the room and that' s when he throws the blanket. Imagine at twenty- one years old the lord of fifty - four like me, for of course he dropped his vaba so far to his ankle, that is, it was a freaking thing. There' s a war. Julius Caesar is being sued for reinforcements. It ends with Ptolemy thirteen and that' s when it starts an idyll between the two tremendous and they' re also going to sail the Nile. Look, I' m leaving this year in September. Well, people already know. All the information on that trip to Egypt is in three journeys Juan Jesús Vallejo. Com sailing the Nile is a wonder, that is because you go Imagine the Sahara desert is a cre mantle of desert and suddenly in the middle, as if God had painted it a blue line and through two green stripes. The banks of

34:59 the Nile, with palm trees, with oxen, with cows, with goats, with peasants at that time, with crocodiles, with hippopotamuses or a fabulous fishing, And then they left on her boat, in a royal boat that counts. I don' t know if to what extent the story or legend the ship had. The top part was embossed in gold and the oars, the oars protruding out of the water, were embossed in silver and the candles were purple. Then it was clear to Julius Caesar, with the girl of twenty- eight years old, to take a walk for a few months through the Nile in a tourist style of antiquity, on a luxury boat and taking a party of shit, apart from doing their little things and already fell in love until the tracks And the fruit of that love had a boy, that that boy could be a big problem, that he was Caesarius. So, well, because it is born of the love of the two, Caesar' s Caesarian Julius is born. Julius Caesar was then married to Calpurnia. He was not married to Calpurnia, whom he had not had, with whom he had not had children. And then, what is incredible for the time and this is very difficult to explain, is that Julius Caesar takes her to Rome and spends several years in Rome and makes her a palace in Rome to live apart his wife, because obviously, he told her absolutely nothing. He was

36:32 the most powerful man in the world. And there he was until they killed Julius Caesar. And then it is returned that he was partly killed, partly killed just because he was already in Rome and the Romans feared that she would end up being the queen of Rome or owner of Rome, or through her son Cesarion. That' s what you said crucial. Many were afraid that, indeed, since he had not had children with Calpurnia Julius Caesar died or something and there was a Roman faction that would protect Caesarius who would become the emperor of the Mediterranean. Then whether a foreigner or a half- breed was emperor of Rome. That people didn' t like and many say that, indeed, the murder of Julius Caesar could have had much to do with it.

37:27 For then this lady, after the death of Julius Caesar, returns to Egypt again and then to whom she was celiad, with Mr Marco Antonio, who was also married. This didn' t matter if anyone was married and Marcantonion did. And if you think that besides this is that the most serious part of this whole story is that she returns to True running away when Julio Ar is killed who kills his son, Brutus. Brutus was the son of Servilia, the lover of Julius Caesar of all his life. Julius Caesar first married Cornelia and had a daughter who married her to Pompey I don' t remember her name. Then he had Pompeii, a wife named Pompeii, who was told by Caesar' s wife not only must it be but she must appear, because she was troubled by adultery and the third was Calpurnia. When this happens, Brutus, then by Jealous he thinks they' re going to take his place too. Then they kill Julius Caesar, and there the three who made up the triumvirate, who were Julius Caesar Pompey and Marco Antonio, face death. Julius Caesar, Pompey and Mark Antony face each other, and Octavius, who was the adopted son of Julius Caesar, and here comes the whole story. So, no yes, but he had counted it as a son. Indeed, there was, he had adopted it, as he said, and became the most powerful man in the Empire. I think they say Cleopatra may have thought about hooking up with Octavius, too. I don'

39:01 t know. I think he' s gonna see a very cold, very smart guy. And Marco Antonio, because she was a little more alive the virgin like and then she went to Egypt and there the mess messed her up. He had four children. He had four children with Marco Antonio and Bueno, but it was clear that eighth among them Tons Mejizur was notín and Alexander h Ellius yes and Cleopatra Selene. I mean right now. And Cleopatra Selene became queen of Mauritania because she married King Juba. That' s funny. The line isn' t over. Specifically. The sons of Marco Antonio were and of Cleopatra were the medizo Alejandro Helio cyclop Serene and then the little Ptolemy Filadelfo. It' s three kids. I was wrong, Doblomeo Filadelfo.

39:55 Todolomeo philadesphoría before the four, including Son already had four yes were the three of Marco Antonio and that of the three of Marco Antonio and that of Julios Es. Indeed, it has been that, it has been my mistake and nothing basically, because the end is the one you know, that is, Octavio. Well, after they lost a pretty important naval battle, Marco Antonio returns to Alexandria, you know his end is near. And, well, what happens is that she takes her life with an aspid with a black cobra that is very easy to find in Egypt. Well, it' s not clear either. There are people who say yes, people who don' t. I mean, the historical discussion about cropatra is huge for different reasons.

40:43 First, because it' s not clear what it was like. There are figures of it in coins of profile, but of course the beauty and beauty was idealized at that time and there is a drawing of it, an engraving in the temple of flagera, in the temple inside. As you get to the left she is with cease, but still is an idealized beauty. There is no stone bust of her, as if we have Julius Caesar or others. That' s why we can' t know exactly what it was like. And besides, she says the bad tongue that she was a legitimate daughter, so, well, it' s already been speculated so much that Netflix put her on as she was a woman of color. I know the Egyptian government complained, but I with Egyptian archaeologists when you say I was not had a completely Greek figure and such practically impossible, because they had spent about twenty generations since I arrived in Ptolemy and there they all slept with everyone.

41:40 I mean, already this one in Greek, I had what I had to do, I mean the antennaéstor, I wanted to comment on something, not perfect. They said they had a nose, even a canchura. Yeah, it' s just typical. One knows to what extent He also enters the ground of legend, that let us remember that practically all pharaohs, when you see their mummies, all have a hooky nose, that is, a prominent nose. And in some of those recreations that are made of Cleopatra that have idealized us by selling us the idea that it was Lis Taylor, for example, and it couldn' t be a woman, it was an African woman. Needlessly yes, so much wins, very very mare I told me no Greek archetype. About two years ago I was recording an advertising spa in Egypt, precisely doing an austitiated investigation by a Dutch brand GUI. What I was defending was that basically Cicleopatra seemed something like the current Coptic women, because in the Egyptian Coptic population, which is estimated to be between fifteen seventeen percent of the Gipcia population, not in an exact number, that are Egyptian Christians like Christians who have not had ethnic mix, that is, they are the ancient inhabitants of the banks of the Nile River And if you marry someone outside the Community, they expel you from the Community, so practically impossible for the Coptics to marry someone did not copy, because the beauty of Cleopatras should be

43:15 Africans very similar to that of the Coptic women, who are quite different from the women you see. I mean, men and women differ a lot then. Well, it was an investigation. It was curious research. The theme of the nose is for an old text. I don' t remember who did the text where he said that if it hadn' t been for his nose, basically that he would have conquered the world, that all men would have fallen, if they had fallen at his feet. But notice that there is another plutarco text that describes it and what the text says is that it carries the eyelids painted green and long nails, long false eyelashes, the cheeks skillfully painted white and incarnate, the lips enhanced with carmine and the veins of its forehead painted in blue tone. That' s a plutarc text that saw her and described her. But we don' t know exactly what it was like to close Cleopatra' s subject. What I believe and I want the opinion of Alexander and Nestor is that she was a woman ahead of her time, because she was a woman who said to see what my weapons are.

44:23 My weapons are diplomacy and my beauty. Here' s what I got. I don' t have an army, I don' t have anything, I have my beauty and I have to be a very smart woman. And then, because of that, he allied himself with Julius Caesar and then allied himself with Marco Antonio Ojo who almost made glooms. Well, it made Rome tremble, She alone, which was the greatest empire, was the greatest empire of the time. And Rome trembled. And if Marco Antonio does not lose that naval battle, for it is almost the Romans that end up speaking in another language, then of course, it is a story that is still curious. They came out confidently, he had to warm up and did what he had to do to survive in an era because he more forgets that history and human beings have been very cruel and very warlike. And a woman at that time was so wary and so complex, because she had to know, make an alliance and be intelligent, especially when she was queen. Your opinion Juan Ge girl to me something that has always seemed fascinating to me of Cleopatra' s figure. It is precisely this way that this woman had to break the traditional schemes of the time, not only because of her education, as you very well mentioned, a woman who was raised to be a diplomat, was polyglot, she handled all these languages. She was a woman who had a very broad advantage in that regard over other rulers and even other people of power, because she could communicate with other peoples, with other officials. George,

45:55 that' s not a ballad issue and what you' re saying is super important, that it came with him and it happened as he spoke, spoke Greek, spoke Ethiopian, and that gave him a tremendous advantage John, who, as you rightly said, knew how to use his beauty, his physical appearance also as a tool that earned me certain presales regarding what you were commenting on in that final part of the story of Cleoplata and Marco Antonio, that bloody battle of the year thirty before Christ, a defeat that literally leaves not only Marco Antonio, but Cleopatra. They saw that there was no way to change the balance. At that point in his favor, Marco Antonio decides to take off. The battle of Axio, the battle of size of active forgiveness was not looking in one out the data and Marco Antonio decides to take his life. Some historical sources say that Marco Antonio dies in Cleopatra' s arms.

46:55 Then Cleopatra resorts to aspid as you rightly said Jesus, to end his life, because he did not want to be displayed as a trophy by the Romans, He did not want to be displayed as a slave, He wanted to maintain his dignity. And clearly, John, that a woman for me who broke the schemes and who has become one of the great legends of all history, is one of the great feminine icons of history, with difference for her intelligence, for her knowledge of being, for her diplomacy, for her beauty and because, in a very complex time, not having an empire, made the greatest empire of history tremble at that time, which was that it was Rome. And it is very curious because her children did not kill him, but took him with Octavia, with Marco Antonio' s wife and who raised him, because at that time the concept of nobility was very important.

47:49 Then it' s like they' re not the sons of a Roman nobleman. We can' t kill him for his father' s sins and they raised him. And one of them, I repeat, ended up being finished, ended up being rested by Juba, Juba, Clopatra Selen, indeed, éstor, what do you think of Cleopatra' s story. The truth is it' s a fascinating story. That is to say, this lady is a soap opera and, moreover, to get into that, in that age of continuous struggle between powers of the Mediterranean, at a point where the expansion of Rome constitutes it in the first great power of the time. Well and most important of all, there was a time when one in four people in the world lived under the Roman Empire. It' s authentic in barbarity.

48:37 So I think Cleopatra, because he was a genius, that is, he endured as the poor woman could, but in the obvious end he fell in other ways. Totally concert and there' s an anecdote about it that' s always seemed fascinating to me. Thus, in the fortieth year before Christ Mark Anthony was having problems in Egypt. Cleopatarele and says well, go away a moment for your empire return to Rome calmly that we calmly, that we are going to cart, we will keep correspondence, we will communicate. And he assigned him a spy to put the horns exactly to make sure he was okay, that is. Even in that it was super advanced clo to bring a genius, not a genius. And besides, it' s very difficult to judge history, not in other words, and in a very convulsive time, well, because she used her weapons, not in that already per being a tremendously intelligent woman and one when she thinks of Antiquity and says no.

49:34 The Ptolemy, the Ptolemy, the Greek Pharaohs, a people with a culture killed each other, but among brothers, cousins, uncles, nephews, parents, children, no problem at all. Everyone was cheating, that is Cleopatra, already Greek had nothing but nothing, that is, they were like the game of thrones. But to the Egyptian era, yes, of course it was a very, very absurd thing and so was Antiquity, so it was until three days ago. No, but I am the truth that I am fascinated by Cleopatra' s story and I believe that his perfume is his soul and his magic is still breathed through the streets of Alexandria, which you notice today still has a Mediterranean air reminiscent of Greece. It must also be thought that in Alexandria there are many Greeks and many people from the Mediterranean, because it was a very important port until three days ago, until President Nasser in Egypt, because he put the super complex things to the foreigners and all left the city and began in a decadence of Alexandria that no longer was over.

50:45 But well, nationalisms, absurd sultranationalisms. And here we are on mystery night and we were talking about the story of Cleopatra, that woman who had to face a time, the tremendously convulsive one and who made the most important empire of the time, the Roman Empire, totter, and the interview with our Almando Alzate continues like this. To me, that woman fascinates me has always seemed to me a supremely decisive character in history, on the one hand, because with her precisely ended the greatness of Egypt. Once he dies, Cleopatra, Rome absorbs Egypt and turns it into a Roman province and no longer Egypt was able to succeed, understanding further that when Teo, Ptolemy first arrived and settled down, for or determined that the Egyptian capital was Alexandria, obviously that it was already moving away from the roots of that Marna, from Thebes, from those cities that had been very important in Egypt, but now eminently it was a city with Greek traces, that is, built as a Greek city, with a Greek spirit. And obviously in a context of those, an Egyptian pharaoh, Egyptian of those of Amarna or Thebes would have no place.

52:15 It had to be someone of Greek origin, as indeed, it happened with those thirteen Ptolemys. And then when Cleopata ends, but it could not otherwise be the roch the golden brooch with which they close all that beautiful cycle of the Egyptians had to be with a woman like Cleopata. It' s even said that Marco Antonio. Marco Antonio was told that Cleopatra had committed suicide, and that' s what drove him to commit suicide. But it turns out Cleopatra was hiding, had stayed inside a palace, had her fenced away and then, when he assumed Cleopatra had died, he understood that his life was meaningless. That' s why he gets to Moribundo, Cleopatra' s.

53:04 But when she arrives where Cleopatra finds her dead because since she was told that Marco Antonio had killed himself, she bites her ass. So, almost one would say that this romance has the same end of Rome and Urulieta, for example, exactly one would say one dies for love of the other. Lovers beterull exactly the same. One dies for love of the other. And this was the case of Cleopatra, who, beyond any consideration, as Salegito said, did not want to be a trophy to be displayed in Rome as a slave. The truth of the case is that she simply couldn' t conceive of a more romantic and epic ending than that suicide of the two. There also because a young woman died. She died in the 1930s. If it is not wrong, yes, in the year before Christ, it could not be your one. You can' t imagine Cleopatra being shot by a Roman soldier or taken to Rome. No. The ending was perfect. That seemed like, in effect, a Chisperianas play followed. That ending could not be otherwise. It' s a movie script. I think when we go to the very old way. Besides, two thousand years ago those love, lovelessness, continuing hate wars. Always in the world was always at war and all cultures with all were always at war, giving rise to those epic stories that

54:37 we have then idealized. Now the story is being recribrated. Very complex to talk about these kinds of issues, because there are people that you will see, who will insult us today in networks and pods and so on. But we are counting the facts and we must think that we cannot judge what happened 2, 000 years ago as if it were happening in the 21st century. But that was a love story that later gave rise to novels, legend, films, a documentary television series that has scratched audiences. By the way, then that' s the reality. And I think that from time to time we look at the past and those stories and dream that we are heroes and that we fight with villains and defend our country and that we stick that is two months of navigation that they say they were sailing the Nile on that ship with the gold- plated roof, as they evoke us times where the legend was real And that seems to me to be magical. And aside from magic, I also understand that it could not be achieved otherwise. It' s just that when you said right now that we can' t look at it from the perspective of our century, it' s not that to be able to understand history. One has to look at it from the time the events occurred, not from time to time, not from time to time, because the mentality that we have today with everything that has happened, does not allow us to understand what was happening. In order to understand it, you have to locate yourself at that time and I think that at that time, at

56:07 that time, it was something, that is. Second, if one here talks about putting any event on me the greatest that has occurred in the 21st century or whatever, then it has to be analyzed according to this perspective. But it should also be added that the stage was perfect Alexandria, it is that in the city of Alexandria, I believe that you can book there, with the Alexandria Library, there was all the ancient knowledge that was burned for the first time in this war by certain and curio Caesar, but not him, but they tell that part of his fleet was burned and the fire was spread to the port of Alexandria and reached the library. It is said that many of the techs that were there, managed to be saved and hidden that later took them to the serapeun that was like some kind of alternate library.

57:08 But the interesting thing about this is that he doesn' t have the mentality of what Alexandria was like. To begin with, he had one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the lighthouse of Alexandria at the entrance of the port, the one who came to see him from the bar They said it was not that I arrived in New York. Yeah, of course it was the New York of the time. Besides, because it was a crucible that macerated all cultures. In fact, they all came to Alexandria and all that came from knowledge and so forth was in Alexandria with the diaspora of the hero but you notice that Alexandria at this time had more than half a million inhabitants that that is barbarity, and there was Arabic, Jewish, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, that is, a multiculturality due to the subject of trade coming out of brutal Egypt, the most important port in the ancient world.

58:01 If it was the most important port in the ancient world, not in vain had that lighthouse. And it turns out that already to recapture the thread that in that context, after Cleopatra dies, that it becomes a Roman province, Alexandria still has its own life and in that the Romans were relatively respectful because they respected cultures and then allowed that interaction between so many cultures. And if they come to you, as you said, Greeks, Jews, Egyptians, what more Phoenician Carthaginians all got there. Logically, that cultural interaction had to enrich too much. And that' s what Ptolemy took advantage of. Ptolemy first, when Alexander the Great died, who tells the story, which was where the Greeks said see me lend me all the documents that you have, the plays, the texts, the whole philosophy, whatever you have that for the Greeks were almost sacred texts, almost that were Bible. And then he told them to lend them a yoloscope and I' ll give them back the originals. No, you don' t? And you don' t?

59:13 And you don' t? And no, until he offered them a sum so supremely fabulous that when they could buy the whole city of Athens. They accepted, gave him the manuscripts, the originals took them to Alexandria and, in effect, copied them. But then he told him to send the copies with the silver to go and send him the copies of the originals. Don ' t give them back. They took the originals and didn' t get them. Just stay with the silver. And there was the germ of that library in Alexandria. Yes, it was a stan yes, of course, yes. And then every ship took to the Jaldrica. Every ship that came to Alexandria to commercial was seized if it had an obligation to deliver a book from the country from which they came. If they couldn' t commercial.

1:00:04 But apart from that, they seized every ship to find every book that each ship carried, knowledge was seized, that it knew all the pre- knowledge, it was clear to be able, and then, after all that, the Library of Alexandria became the Smithsonian. Put any of these institutions that we have today and had all the most important texts in history found them there. It is even said that atlantean texts of ancient Egypt, from so many parts. And it turns out that then, precisely to the influence of that library what he was saying, so many people came there and, once the diaspora passed, the Jews more advanced and the more suppensers all went to take refuge there. See that there is the first Bible, I accept it aginta.

1:01:01 There the whole Bible was copied, that is, all knowledge. I was there a while ago I' d like to if you' d just give me a minute. Yes, and a woman who is fundamental in all this and in that knowledge and who marks the end of the beginning of all that golden age that you have made a video recently on your YouTube channel in this and command the tylog that is and kicks the one that was going there. Of course I was, but I wanted to put you in context. Talk to me a second. I' ll get you a book you like I ' ll give you a good one. Let' s keep talking, it looks like we' re being punished. It is in this is a fascinating story, because all the knowledge of Antiquity is gathered in the Library of Alexandria, more than in Rome, more than in Greece, more than anywhere else.

1:01:50 Then there was nothing left that I nothing in quotation marks, because, perhaps, even maps like that of piri Rey, who describes the coasts of America, are maps that came from the Library of Alexandria. All knowledge, hidden from the Antiquity Court. This is what I started talking about while you were taking the book. No. The thing is, I want to show you where I' m extracting from. This looks at nothing more or nothing less. Ah of cosmos of can sagan how beautiful and it turns out that he comes in describing what was in the Library of Alexandria, a community of scholars who explored physics, literature, medicine, astronomy, geography, philosophy, mathematics, biology and engineering. It takes care of this, which is that this, this is a portent, this never ever of the ever that one will be able to reunite a beach of geniuses like these puts care. He says I' m reading it. Allow me the science and the scholarship had reached their adult age. Genius flourished in those halls. The Library of Alexandria is the place where men gathered for the first time in a serious and systematic way. The knowledge of the world takes care yes, besides it was Tosthenes Desirene, who was the one who said that the Earth was round and calculated the diameter of the earth forty two hundred and fifty kilometers, sent a slave to walk from Alexandria to Ciena, and so did the calculation, because he did so in the spring equinox, which gave no shade at the bottom of

1:03:22 a well in Alexandria, but in Silesia so, well, but it is from another story which, given besides Tostens, there was the astronomer and parco who ordered the map of the constellations and estimated the brightness of the stars. Euclid, who brilliantly systematized geometry and once told his king that he was struggling with a difficult mathematical problem. There is no real path to geometry. Dionysius of Thrace, the man who defined the parts of the discourse and who did in the study of language what Euclid did in geometry. Herophilus, the physiologist who safely established that it is the brain and not the heart, the seat of intelligence. Heron of Alexandria, inventor of gearboxes and steam gears and author of automaton, the first work on robots, Apollonius of pergamo, the mathematician who demonstrated the forms of conical sections, ellips, ellipse, parable and hyperbola, the curves that, as we know today, follow in their orbits, planets, comets and archimed stars, the greatest mechanical genius up to Leonardo da Vinci and the geographer astronomer Ptolemy, who compiled much of what today is the pseudoscience of astrology. Its earth- centered universe was in vogue for 1, 500 years, which reminds us that intellectual capacity was not a guarantee of the wasteland. And here comes this other part, and among these great men there was a great woman and mathematical and astronoma patia. The last light of the library, whose Martirium was linked to the destruction of the library. If seven

1:04:55 centuries after its foundation, how strong is it wanted context. S because after this happened, after the Dioclesian fire, first that of Julius Caesar, then Dioclesian and so many other fires suffered by the library, the library was relegated as to a background and much of all that knowledge was compiled in the serapeum. But in those fires it is said that the one hundred and twenty- three works of sophocles that remained were lost and the great Greek tragedies were saved only seven, including Ediporrey. And it turns out that, in the meantime, while all this was happening and there was that huge, so feverish but so enriching discussion of all those geniuses that lasted their four centuries. All that time comes the time of Ipatia, who was the daughter of a mathematical philosopher, astronomer, also a light that called Theon and Theon raised her like that and she overcame him by far. But he far overcame it. Turns out Patia and when she lived. Turns out she lived in the fourth and fifth centuries, that is, in the three hundred. She was supposed to be born in three hundred and fifty- five. By that time, let us remember that Constantine, in the three hundred and thirteen, promulgated the Edict of

1:06:28 Milan, by which the persecution of Christians was prohibited. It did not, as thought, adopt Christianity as an official religion, but it prohibited persecution. In fact, they say he was the first Christian emperor. Yes, but on his bed of Moribundo, he was not baptized, but when he was already dying. And then with that, for he had settled that terrible persecution of Diocclesian. In the three hundred and six, which ended there and in the three hundred and eighty- one, Theodosius promulgated the Edict of Thessalonica, by which religion and Christianity were adopted as an official State religion. There, yes, that gave the fans carte blanche for them to go to the same weapons they had been victims of. Then, in Alexandria there was a patriarch named Theophilus, a brilliant man, but fanatical to die and then it happened.

1:07:31 His nephew Cyril served even more recalcitrant so much that he had an army of five hundred hermit monks who had brought the desert, who were the most belligerent of all, who were the Parabolans. With the promulgation of the Edict of Thessalonica, the door was opened for Christians to pursue everything that smelled like Pagano and Alejo. Andrea was supposed to be a diabolical city according to Christians, because of all the diversity of thought and delantatura that existed there. And then Theophilus forgives. Sirilo first, Theophilus began to destroy all pagan temples, all of them converted them into churches, persecuted the pagans and Siri continued with his work, ending the ancient religion, the gippy of more than three thousand years and the Greek one. However, absolutely with everything, and homeland that was astronoma, was philosophical, was mathematical, was music. I applied mathematics to music. He was one of the first to find an affinity or that the music was pure mathematics. She was the author of it. It was already the astrolabe, that instrument of navigation with which the seas sailed until the 20th century. Still the Arabians that carry the ships happened were oriented thanks to

1:09:06 the stars, correct, clear and determined the time and the days and so on. But she took the astrolabe, which was very primitive, she revised it and made a true astrolabe, which was the one that really later became an instrument that could not miss in navigation. She invented the hydrometer to measure the density and volume of water. Apart from that, with her father with theon, she corrected some of Uclid' s postulates of Euclid' s geometry. She was the first one to really interpret algebra as it was. Anyway, that woman was a crime, she was a part of everything. Apart from everything, she was a beautiful woman. They say she was the most beautiful woman in Alexandria. History says she was born in the three hundred and seventy, but it turns out that the review of that story concludes that she was born in the three hundred and fifty- five and was born in the three hundred and fifty- five for a very elementary reason. One of his most outstanding students who was also one of his biographers, Sinecio des Irene, who later became bishop. He claims he was born in the three hundred and seventy, historically proven. Therefore, if she was also born in the three hundred and seventy, then a child could not be the master guide of another kind who had been born of her own age. Then everything indicates that she was born in three hundred and fifty- five. Therefore, she was already

1:10:39 a mature woman, but her beauty was such that she captivated everyone, apart from her grace, her way of speaking, gentle respectful, her voice was an intelligent melody. She captivated all men and her intelligence was proverbial and then they came from all over the Mediterranean to listen to her and to pres she was the great teacher, because she also became the banner of neoplatonism, because she studied Plotino a lot and then she became the standard bearer of neoplatonism, which was the prevailing philosophy at that time. And that was compelling for Sidilo, that every day he was going to throw sad against her, but he didn' t know what to do with her. Cyril and the Church have come across us. Then they' re going to tell the end of this story, that the truth is pretty tragic. One of the things that didn ' t give us time. The other day we also wanted to bring in women who had a spirit of rebellion and put it in the lead, but we talked so much that it was hate time. I wanted to tell you, even briefly, she is a woman who, with God in her heart and the Sword in her hand, changed the history of France. Joan of Arc, Alexander Bernal, John Ge, a woman who was born in a thousand four hundred and twelve and whose role was fundamental in the history of France.

1:11:55 In France, in his intervention in the War of the hundred years, a woman who suffered a series of ecstasy that, in fact, according to her biographers, had visions in which she had contact with the Archangel Michael, Saint Margaret, Catherine of Alexandria and to give a context to the listeners, a woman who was born in a very humble context, a peasant, who John, when he turned thirteen, came to comment that he had an ecstasy, a moment of contact with an apparently divine entity. I did see her who told her that she had to play a fundamental role in getting the English out of France. At that time it was a war context. The English had practically taken over northern France and much of Galo territory. And this girl, a very humble peasant, receives this message. And, apart from this very striking message, Juange this entity, this being she contacts, tells her that she has to talk to the one who was to be the French monarch Charles Seventh, and accompany him to his enthronement. You' ll imagine that such a humble woman saying this kind of thing, how it' s possible to meet a French nobleman in that context. Juangel tells him look I had a vision where I know I have to talk to the future monarch and I have to get the English out of here the guy doesn' t believe him and she tells him we' re going to lose a very important battle.

1:13:27 It' s a battle that' s going to be lost. This nobleman tells you good, but how do you know, because they told me, we' re going to lose this battle. In fact, a few days later they learned that the French had really lost much of the territory. In fact, the confrontation that she had manifested, this noble takes her before Charles VII And you will imagine, Juan Gel impact, that a guy who was concerned about war matters, about handling the army, because the English had them on him and that a humble neighbor camp in that medieval age of seventeen years told him is that I come to take the English out of France and accompany her to become a new monarch. The guy' s surprised the whole courthouse and he says she' s either crazy, or she' s a sorceress or something happens. But Charles VII says Eye, we could use it as a banner to raise morale to our troops, that the n are very bad.

1:14:28 And if we have a girl who says divine providence is on our side, then we can raise morale to our troops. Juange. In fact, they carry this girl something that was known as the Battle of Orleans Juange and was impressive because when they were going to take her to be part of the army, they practically had to disguise her as a man. He had to pose as a man. Estu Ojo had very important consequences in the future and in the judgment that was made for heresy to her. Some time later they came to where the troops were. He meets with the high command and tells them the same thing. I come because a divine entity tells me that I have to make it possible to bring out the English and enthrone the king.

1:15:14 The Commander tells you, but you' re a child. You don' t know how to use guns. Take a banner. They say Joan was walking around the banner on the battlefield. The English were surprised. They didn ' t know if to laugh, if to mock. They were baffled. The truth is that the French began to win positions, They took several battle stations and, in fact, the morale of the troops had advanced to such a level that Joan of Arc was actually seen, as we could say, that a symbol of that French recovery, of the French resistance to such an extent that it accompanies Charles VII Juange, in fact, to enthronement here.

1:15:55 I am, in fact, recalling specifically, in the year one thousand four hundred and twenty- nine, when he arrives with Charles VII, Raims had obtained several victories. He was already a very important character. Charles VII in Tnizas fulfilled the prophecy what these entities told him. It turns out that the English who had learned this accused her of sorcerer and a daughter of the devil. How it is possible that an infant and a simple peasant will appear on the battlefield and the French will begin to win us the Gaul territory. Turns out they subtract it. In a thousand four hundred and thirty, Juangel is ambushed, caught, kidnapped, taken to a court where she is judged for heresy where even John Gey, this is a very sad part of this story, had her chained. Any female garment had been taken from him. They had left her man' s clothes for a basic reason, because they knew that, deep down, it was very difficult to accuse heresy, because she was a very smart girl. At no time had we told them to give her a chance to accuse her of that, but if I could accuse her of after- kissing. That' s why they gave him that connotation.

1:17:10 Juan Ge and those characteristics. And Joan of Arc was executed at the stake on the thirtieth of May, one thousand four hundred and thirty- one. His remains were exhibited in part of England as a heretic for the English, but quite a heroine, a war hero for the French and a woman who passed history for her bravery and with a mystic fairy who is still a heroine in France. Thanks to that we were commenting in the interview with us to Command Alzate, the fascinating life of a genius of science in ancient times and Pattia of Alexandria, who unfortunately had a sad ending, and the interview continues like this. She never wanted to get married. He remained not only a virgin, but obviously a celibate, for David remained celibate and had many suitors, but there was one who was very important and was orestes orestes, he was the prefect of the city, the governor of the city of Alexandria, and she, besides a polytologist, we could say, looking at him from today' s perspective, was the political adviser, because it was also to be said in terms of economist. Also then she was the advisor sap of Orestes and Siri was confronted with Orestes because she assumed that if Christianity was already an official religion, then, in its own right, it should govern the city. And Oreste confronted him. He was confronted and had many, many

1:18:45 confrontations. In one of them they even tempted Orestes, opened his head, left him wounded for a long time and Patria swore to him because he was also a doctor. He also knew how to heal. Then Orestes, in addition, was in love with her. This story is lent to another student of hers, but there are those who say it was Orestes. He asked her to marry him and asked her to marry him and looked for her and she wouldn' t. And one day to get rid of him in a class he was dictating and orestes say they say he was another student came up to ask him to marry. She got a garment, a handkerchief impregnated with her menstrual blood and Joe, this is the woman you think is a goddess be and gives what she is and with that she took it off and fashioned a way of living that they called sophronesis, which consisted of yes or no.

1:19:51 Sofrosine. Sofrosine, which consists of the person acting, contemplation, weighting, serenity, is a roof of virtues. Rather, it is the sum of virtues. And then she practiced it, and wherever I took it, everyone revered it. They came from everywhere to meet her and centuries could not bear that because, as well, she was the counselor of orestes and she was confronted with orestes. She was more dangerous than orestes and that' s why she scared off her parabolans. And in March of the year four hundred and fifteen, she was coming to her house, they took her out of there, dragged her down the street, took her to a temple and at that time they suffocated her with seashells and with shingles. The one with this ripped off the skin, the throws what a chest, yes and the p me. I think this moment marks worldwide, in the known world, the moment when you were going to him if here I was the power above anything.

1:21:03 And, besides that science, we have to put an end to it and that with philosophy and knowledge, we have to put an end to it, because the only ones who can talk about philosophy and knowledge are madness. This moment is over, the Lomarca, the intolerance, that is, that ' s why I said right now. The terrible thing about all of this is that these practices, still of skinning alive, were what the Roman emperors did in the persecutions with the Christians in the Amphitheatre and once they are released from these tortures, they apply them to their enemies. Yes, but, among other things, Sirilo ended up being holy, not St Cyril was not finished in altars. She, apart from being skinned, as I tell you, was bitten in pieces and taken to a place she called the Sinarion, which was like a crematorium, and then her ashes were spulted all over Alexandria.

1:22:05 What a barbarity and it is supposed that they gave him death letter to the same library in Alexandria. He' ll be Peum and that' s his name. It was no longer the ancient library of Alexandria, but another. Fortunately, some managed to keep some manuscripts, but the bulk of all the knowledge that was there had already disappeared. They burned it. What this woman is that' s how terrible she was telling you. But how is it possible if they chase me? My parents, they died, my grandparents, they died, they tortured them like me, they tortured others because they don' t think like me when my family was tortured because I thought like me. That' s the story in this and today, like it was a society of one and the other. From how political we have to face it. She does, but I call you a woman like a hippie, it can hardly be found in history. Apart from being a beautiful woman.

1:23:05 He died without being born in three hundred and fifty- five. He died in the four hundred and fifteen, about fifty years, a little over fifty years. I put you away as a mathematician, because I' m a nosceal who was already an entry woman in years. Yes, but notice that barbarity, because and Homeland is such an important female character, because it is the one that marks that crucial change in history. Christianity wants to do it with power and it wants to do it with power by stupidizing the people. I mean, he didn' t like it. It is added, John and with another addition you can say. Some claim that the Middle Ages began in the four hundred and seventy- six, when the Roman Empire ended.

1:23:54 I would say that the Middle Ages began there when they killed Homeland there in the four hundredth century madness, madness, and madness Alejandra Banal Juan Gey joined me in her diatribe about Christianity, the Romans respected the religions and beliefs of other peoples so that they lived together, allowed them to continue to exist. When Christianity prevailed in Europe and much of the n and they adopted all the gods they wanted. Those who brought them received him there. Yeah, they knew, they all got it. The exact Roman pantheon. The respected ended up with all the power they had. It' s over merciably. Yeah, of course it was something that didn' t happen. Juange. For me, it' s a most tragic story. For me, Patia is not only one of the most important women in history, but an immeasurable loss to science, so that we realize the dimension of this woman. It turns out that Diophant of Alexandria had laid the foundations of what was algebra, was a brilliant mathematician precisely of this city and Patti. Turns out he knew Diofant ' s work, this man had proposed some equations the base, some algebraic equations and Patria perfected them, totally improved them. Moreover, this woman, as she was so eager for various leaders of knowledge, also had the ability to access and review the work of Claudio Tolemeo, a man who had laid much of the foundation for what was astronomy of that time and thanks to the

1:25:28 work of Ipatria, a greater precision was achieved in the astronomical knowledge of the Juange era. This was so tragic and it was so sad and I repeat it is one of the most terrible deaths in history. An immeasurable tragedy that is said that Damacio, who was a neo- Platonic philosopher, after having known this terrible and so tragic death, is said to have taken a rather contrary stance of animas version towards Christianity, to see how followers in this case of Cyril John Ge had decided to finish this woman who had practically done nothing to them. She was a woman who was seen practically as a heretic, almost as a witch, as a magician, simply for having a knowledge and practices that clearly exceeded at the time. One of the most tragic stories in history is that you know this already. I don' t like him that much and Pattia that' s the one who tangled my life with algebra.

1:26:35 To me too of this incredible ormid what I tell you one thing that has said in this that we speak first of the beginning of the Middle Ages, when the Roman Empire falls and I goth with Christan Rome. But really the beginning of that ocurantism that lasts a lot of centuries, for me it marks also the murder of Patia. Moreover, in such a cruel way, to skin her with seashells, that is, to skin her alive and not even with a knife, something that would do her more harm even then it is a cruelty and a brutal hatred that make that from there society, well it becomes dark because everything has to be Christianity and there is no science in knowledge, but everything is in the Bible and outside the Bible there is nothing.

1:27:23 Then of course, the delay in humanity is a thousand years, for imagine how we would be now if characters like my patia or could have ended their lives quietly and the rest of the scientists who could have been born after and who could not speak or get into the subject of knowledge that was forbidden, was forbidden. Take care of this. I have here a beautiful book, which is a book called women and evolution. This is a work of art. I think this book is worth having. I don' t remember what the author calls it. I even have a friend of my acquaintance, but take care of what Iparquia tells him, who reprimanded him because he did not engage in the tasks proper to his sex, and Parka, aware of what could be revolutionary in his attitude, replied ipattiale resp It is not that I am here talking about himself. Homeland says you think I' ve done wrong in consecrating the study the time I should have lost as a weaver because of my sex and then Antipatro does a poem that says the following. I and Parkia did not follow the customs of the female sex, but with a manly heart I followed the strong dogs. I didn' t like the mantle with the fable or barefoot and my tape forgot the perfume. Today barefoot with a cane a dress. My limbs cover me and I have the hard land instead of a bed, I own my life to know as much and more than

1:28:54 the menades, to marry how beautiful. And that starts with the curantism that I think besides, and Batty is the first victim, only ten minutes from the interview. But really then it has the colment when in the thirteenth century it starts the Holy Inquisition and the Holy Inquisition to the ancient connoisseurs of the Western world, to the women who had knowledge of the plants, the women who kept the shamanism, the women who kept the consciousness of an ancient knowledge, say, it liquidates it, sends it directly to the bonfire And that is the sad role that, unfortunately, they are played by woman in history for a thousand years. And this is an albarez, especially because, when it is, this process of inquisition, something that had begun in principle.

1:29:55 Let' s say it to pursue heresies, when James Sprenger and Henry Krammer wrote the maleficted maelstrom of witches by order of eighth innocence, the inquisition is created already to pursue witches. Yes, and that brutal And it turns out that if you see the archetype of the witch that we know now is the woman of prognatical chin, that is, with long, toothed bamba and, therefore, the humbamba. Let' s say in that way that almost a wart next to the nose, and it was that simply to start and intimidate the population, the oldest and poorest women were chosen to be able to burn them. In principle, that later became. It was in an industry then that he denounced was entitled to some of the possessions of the person complained of.

1:30:53 There was no distinction of any kind there. But basically, although many men were burned San Boris Narola, Jordano Bruno and so many others, it was really directed against women. And in part of this, also with those old inquisitors captained by torque, for example, which was the archetype of the inquisitors, it turns out that they, apparently like they had, I don ' t think that impressive sexual aberrations, because they knew it was to see the parts, the intimate parts of the women, sculpted them, played them.

1:31:38 Well, that was also a thing as they were whipped where, for example, the classic torture of the inquisition, for example, the torture of the water where the woman was put on a stool or is down with her head, lower than her feet. His head was covered with a cloth and water was pouring on him and he was obviously wet and practically undressing. I used to make it out of the turtle in the claw. They also put them naked and tied their hands on the parts. I think there was a super- important erotic component of priests and madness that supposedly were celibates and so on, and so what they were doing was good, so, to treat her, paste her and put on the nudes, touch them as you said, to look for the most famous marks of witches, and so what they fulfilled. They were erotic dreams that they could not have in their life, in their normal life, it was a tremendously dark time where the woman is billipend, already to the maximum, where the woman humbles herself to the point of saying the woman is nothing in history. The woman has absolutely nothing to have children and to be quiet at home to do what she says to the man and St and it is a speech that the Church, unfortunately, was a thousand years old. Well, we don' t want to get into trouble because today, for example, there are no women who can be priests from the Catholic Church. Of course, that' s a little complicated, but yes it' s a very heavy story that in this program that we

1:33:10 ' re doing the role of women in history, I think the start with ipatia that is a woman of science and that to justice and then straight away. The birth of the Inquisition in the 13th century has already relegated the role of women in history to a deep background, in which it is there that I believe they begin to resurrect characters like Madame Curie, already in the moments of brilliant science and God. Thank you, already after World War II, after World War II, when the woman really continues to remember Bacchus, science and everyone, remember me. Leva Marick and Leva Mari the sa of Einstein ' s who say it was really that the geno was her, not him.

1:33:58 If I take Marick, I read it' s one thing that was unlucky. Besides, it was a buja problem, sister was lame, but she writes a letter telling a friend, my husband and I are. My husband and I are working on something that' s gonna revolutionize the world. In the theory of relativity, it seems that she was really a genius of mathematics and Albert she was the music, she was the obcalcules. Indeed, she was already. It' s funny because Albert Eistin, when he gets the Nobel Prize, that' s when he' s already divorced. And so, the whole money of the Nobel gave it to her, to whom I had already left with a cousin to my motto Maric, yes I had left it for a cousin the whole money of the Nobel gave it to my Leva Mari, who did it was to buy a lot of apartments and to rent them. And just because he also had a son, a lot of psychiatric problems, his was tremendous, yes, yes. Indeed, then they come, other women come you just mentioned. The only woman, the only one in history who has won two Nobel Prizes in different disciplines was Mari Curi.

1:35:15 She won one in physics and earned one in chemistry, one with her husband in a thousand nine hundred three and the other in a thousand nine hundred eleven physics, she alone, but besides, her daughter Irene Jolie Curi, she also earned it in a thousand nine hundred thirty- five. If that ' s nothing, I think it' s the only family that' s ever had three noble awards. No, and it' s brutal, because it' s really this already good Madame Cury figure too. We no longer have time, but I am sorry for the moment when women are already directly integrated into science and today, because this is already thanks to God. Look, it' s something else. Unlike he didn' t want to include his wife in winning the Nobel Prize Piercury. When he got the Nobel Prize, the first thing he said was no. No, I' m not.

1:36:10 I don' t get the Nobel Prize. If my lady does not receive it, she is also the owner of this Nobel Prize and they gave the Nobel Prize to both of them. Einstein didn' t just do that, but he didn' t leave because he got Dami Leva Marin pregnant or let Mari finish the race. That' s another movie. But good our arming rise, my friend, your YouTube channel, nestor in command rise and logical super recommended your conclusion and your closure man. First this because it' s so cortico if we had like six characters and it doesn' t give time. This time we haven' t arrived any more than they gave to the mother. No, because there was no arched juana that we are going to talk about manuel to Saenz. The role of revolutionary women didn' t give time for shit. We haven' t given time. Another day we do another show, another thing. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.

1:37:00 Okay. My conclusion is that, I definitely believe that just now it begins or we begin to have as a society the certainty that women have definitely been the real builder of the world. And only my conclusion comes to this. I leave just one restlessness. Is it a concern what would have happened in history if, instead of the great men, I' m including them all put me on? Alejandro put me, Carlos Magno put me, Louis fourteen put them on me, all you want. If they had not been men, but women of that talanta and those bright ones, what the world would be like today. I think that if women had ruled the world and built Western civilization, today the world would be very different, more harmonious, it would be a more equitable and just world and much more advanced if it had been women who would have handled all this throughout history. But the floors we have for many centuries and that' s the big problem. And, well, I think history is changing and the world is mutating. Nestor arming you up, repeat super recommended your YouTube channel? Nestor arming up and logical, my friend, how good we have with you Alejandro and I, every time we have this talk you don' t shit scripts and Paco little by little, but well, a very big hug brother and until another day, for me it is a privilege. Thank you very much. It is an honor

1:38:32 as always to be here with you Jesus jal and with alejito and thanks. Thank you for the difference you always have with me. Thank you. What a marvel it is to interview our gramando at the hindsight of a wonderful intellectual, his YouTube channel, this building up and logical and today giving a review of the role of women in history, playing some of them that were advanced to their time, in times also very complicated. Alexander Bernal your conclusion of your friendly land. It is always a privilege n hester with nestor, an all- walking library, a teacher, a whole referent of mystery journalism and journalism in general, a privilege to really count on him again here on mystery night. And that wonderful review we did about women like Cleopatria and Pattia of Alexandria, Joan of Arc, which you can mention in the previous block, and of course we stayed many more women. If you want us to delve into another edition, into another podcast. Please share it on our social networks, also on the YouTube channel that Juange and I are very attentive to those comments and can follow me on social networks, on Twitter, Instagram and tiktok, in arroba ale bernal pres with women is a fundamental part of the story.

1:39:44 Women who have been denoised for centuries, in some of them fighters, dreamers who were able to anticipate their time, with a very complicated circumstance, with people who oppressed them and societies that relegated them to the background. But their talent and brilliance made them become legend and, most importantly, that all women are our mothers. Without them we would have no life, a fundamental part of all human societies. And never forget that we live in a magical world, because it is full of mystery