Nov. 10, 2025
Galactic Influences and Supermoons: Exploring Earth's Crust and Taikonaut Trials
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into fascinating intersections of geology and astronomy that could reshape our understanding of Earth's history and the cosmos. Earth's Geology Written in the Stars A groundbreaking study reveals a compelling...
(00:00:00) Galactic Influences and Supermoons: Exploring Earth's Crust and Taikonaut Trials
(00:00:42) Earth's geology written in the stars
(00:10:30) Taikonauts stranded in space following space junk impact
(00:12:38) Biggest Supermoon of the year
(00:14:59) The Science Report
(00:17:20) Skeptics guide to jogging big foots
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into fascinating intersections of geology and astronomy that could reshape our understanding of Earth's history and the cosmos.
Earth's Geology Written in the Stars
A groundbreaking study reveals a compelling connection between the structure of our Milky Way galaxy and the evolution of Earth's crust. Researchers from Curtin University have found that meteorite impacts, influenced by the solar system's journey through the galaxy, have played a significant role in shaping our planet's geology. The episode explores how ancient zircon crystals are providing a unique archive of Earth's interactions with the galaxy, suggesting that astrophysical processes may have directly influenced the continents beneath our feet and the conditions that made life possible.
Taikonaut Stranded in Space
In a dramatic turn of events, three Chinese taikonauts are stranded in orbit after their Shenzhou 20 spacecraft was struck by suspected space junk just hours before their scheduled return to Earth. This segment discusses the implications of the impact, the ongoing assessments by mission managers, and the potential need for a replacement capsule to ensure the crew's safe return. The episode also reflects on past incidents involving space debris and the measures taken to protect the Tiangong Space Station.
The Biggest Supermoon of the Year
Skywatchers around the globe were treated to the biggest supermoon of the year, appearing 7% larger and 30% brighter than a typical full moon. This segment explains the science behind the phenomenon, including the moon's elliptical orbit and its impact on tides. We also discuss how the term "supermoon" became popularised and the frequency of such lunar events, with several more supermoons on the horizon.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Physical Review
https://journals.aps.org/pr/
Nature
https://www.nature.com/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
Earth's Geology Written in the Stars
Taikonaut Stranded in Space
The Biggest Supermoon of the Year
Earth's Geology Written in the StarsTaikonaut Stranded in SpaceThe Biggest Supermoon of the Year
The Astronomy, Space, Technology & Science News Podcast.
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This is Spacetime Series twenty eight, Episode one hundred and
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thirty two, for broadcast on the tenth of November twenty
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twenty five. Coming up on Spacetime, Planet Earth's Geology, Written
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in the Stars, Tigernaughts Stranded in Space, following Space Junk Impact,
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and the Biggest Superman of the Year. All that and
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more coming up on Spacetime.
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Welcome to space Time with Stuart Gary.
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A new study has uncovered a striking link between the
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structure of our Milky Way galaxy and the evolution of
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planet Earth's crust. The findings, reported in the journal Physical
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Review Research shows that crustal development were shaped not just
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by internal geological processes, but also by the impact of
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meteorites during Earth's journey through our galaxy. The Sun and
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its Solar System are currently located in the Milky Way's
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Orion arm, about twenty seven thousand light is from the
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galactic center. The Solar System orbits around the center of
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the Milky Way roughly every two hundred and thirty million years,
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traveling at an average speed of around eight hundred and
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twenty eight thousand kilometis per hour. But the Solar System's
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path through the galaxy isn't a perfect circle, and also
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it oscillates up and down through the galactic plane. The
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newest search shows that the chemistry of tiny ancient crystals
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in Earth's crust may be capturing the rhythm of meteorite
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impacts during the Solar System's passage through the Milky Way's
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vast spiral arms. The studi's lead author, Chris Kirkland from
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Curtain University, says the work provides new evidence linking Earth's
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ancient geological record with a large scale structure of the galaxy.
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Kirkland says tiny durable minerals called zircon crystals are providing
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a unique archive of Earth's interaction with the galaxy. By
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looking at chemical changes in these circon crystals and then
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comparing them with maps of gas in the Milky Way,
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Kirklin colleagues so that the changes lined up with times
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when the Solar System passed through the galaxy's different spiral arms,
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which i densely packed with stars and gas. Extra gravitational
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forces in these crowded regions may have disturbed icy comets
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at the edge of our Solar system, knocking summat paths
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that eventually sent them crashing into Earth. The resulting impacts
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have released enormous energy, melting parts of the planet's surface
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and producing more complex magmas, especially when interacting with water
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rich environments. Kirkland says the findings opened the door to
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a new frontier, one where geology can be directly connected
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with discoveries in astronomy. The research reveals that Earth's geological
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evolution cannot be understood in isolation from the broader galactic environment.
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He says, it suggests that extrophysical processes on the galactic
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scale may have directly influenced the continent's beneath our feet
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and even the conditions that made life possible in the process,
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ashering in a new era of astra geological science.
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We have been obviously very fortunate in West Australia to
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do a lot of analyzes of rocks and specifically the
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crystals are put and we've created huge data sets and
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those data sets have got patterns within them that tell
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us about the magmas within Earth and the diversity of
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magmats through times. And with those huge data sets, we're
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kind of interested in that pattern and we discovered that
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that pattern actually matches a aftrophysical pattern and that the
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pattern that we see from the Solar system passing through
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the spiral arms of the Milky Way, and that pattern
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is defined by hydrogen gas, which creates a radio astronomy signal,
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and that radio astronomy signal seems to map quite closely
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into this geological signal, and that's really interesting. We can
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think about potentially the reasons why there might be a
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connection between those two signals.
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So what you're talking about is the galactic year. It
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happens as the Sun and Solar system travel through the
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spiral arms, because we're in the orion arm now, but
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we're not just stuck in the Orion arm. The Sun
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and Solar system move through the various spiral arms.
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Yeah, that's exactly right. So at the distance we are
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out from the central black Hole within our Milky Way
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with its spiral arms, the solar systems going around at
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about two hundred and forty kilometers a second, but the
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density wave of themselves at that distance routate more slowly
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at about two hundred to two hundred and ten cometers second.
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So that means that with given enough time, our solar
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system will migrate through those density way of arms, and
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that obviously then changes the galactic environment our solar system
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has seen, and then from that we might think about
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our solar system passing through regions of higher dust density
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and gas density, and the knock on implications of that
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maybe in Earth's geology, which I think is really fascinating
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to think.
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It's almost like a core sample of the galaxy, isn't it.
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Yeah, that's why it's so I think exciting, right, because
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astrophysics is great with these radio waves. It's how we
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understand our fire arms of our galaxy. But we can't
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see through our central black hole, and we're within the
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galaxy itself. So making these maps of our galaxy, everyone's
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seeing the art is rendering. We can't send a satellite
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art far enough to take a photograph back, so we
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use radio waves to create our understanding of the spiral
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arms of the galaxy. But we can't see through the
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central black hole. But we look far enough back in time,
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and we could actually potentially use Earth's geology to help
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us understand what's on the far side of the central
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black hole.
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And this is where Zegon crystals came in.
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Yeah, the geologist's best friend. They basically are this deep
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time archive of our planet, they crystallize, and when they
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crystallize they trap a little bit of uranium, and that's
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important because there were time that uranium changes the lead,
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So that means we've thought this the stop watching this
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in the clock in our zerk On crystal. But not
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only that, you know, the Zirkon crystals also contain other chemistry,
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other chemical information on other isotopes we can use to
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tell us about a process, so that gives us information
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about time, but also our process, so then that gives
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us this really rich data set we can actually use
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to understand lots of things about our planet. And one
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of the beautiful example of that is the Zirkon crystals.
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Oxygen isotopes tell us that we had oceans on our
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planet from very early on. But the auction isotopes also
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can tell us about where magmas are forming. Are they
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form deep within Earth's crust or early forming near the surface.
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And what we find during these spiral arm periods is
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that there is more variability in our oin isotopes signals,
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so telling us that magmas are forming in more wider
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range of places deeper in the crust, but also shell
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are in the crust when we're passing through the fire arms,
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and then we can think about, well, why is there
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a connection?
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That's my next question.
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Yeah, so I think we have to start thinking about
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impact playing a role. So that's the obvious reason to
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explain why there seems to be this correlation between galactic
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spiral arms and the diversity of magnets on our planets.
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So one way of doing that is when we're entering
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the spiral arm regions, we're maybe dislodging more material from
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the distant icy regions of our Solar System that's known
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as the cloud. So we might be disturbing material from
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there and sending in shars of comets and meteorites periodically
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into the inner Solar System, and that's probably what's being
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or at least it's a good explanation to explain why
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we're finding more diversity and crust forming processes during these
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periods of time. So I think it's beautiful that we're
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potentially seeing our connection between our planet and it's the
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wider cosmos. When geologists frequently think about internal processes, and
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undubtedly internal processes are important and our planet external processes
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are also probably really important for our planet over its
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extreme duration of time. As unfrequently reminded, correlation is not causation,
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which is true. But with larger data set, we start
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to see patterns that we need to develop models to explain.
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And what I think is interesting thinking about ways of
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testing this further. So you would predict that we should
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start to see similar patterns in lunar geology and Martian
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geology in terms of periods of impacting. So if that
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means more creators or a greater variety of geological processes
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during those time periods we're seeing and enhance the bombardment
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rate or impact flax is the technical terms. Basically, it
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just means more impacts during the periods that we're passing
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through the spiral arms of our galaxy.
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And also places like Mass and the Moon don't have
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the plate tectonics that we have here on Earth, so
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that mixing doesn't go on.
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Yeah, that's exactly right. So the record on Earth tends
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to self reraise because of plate tectonics and ocean cross
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being subducted. So that's why zircon crystals are so important
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because they give us this deep time archive of our planet.
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But you're right, we look at the Moon without plate tectonics,
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maybe it's of a complementary and supporting records. Of course,
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one of the issues with the Moon is that the
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impacts themselves, the creator's self areas that your older creators
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are more likely to have been eroded by other creators
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coming over the top of them. So that's why the
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crystal record is actually really important because it preserves with
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quite a lot of detail these processes that can be
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lost from other records.
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Well, would you like to say this go next?
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I think we've been talking about it. I would love
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to have as rich deep time data set from Mars
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and the Moon to test this, and it's fundamentally important.
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What we're actually talking about is making a connection between
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our planet and how the crust of our planet came
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to be, which is important for life, and where we
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sit within the Milky Ways. So it's really going from
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sitting on an analytical instrument firing laser beams and looking
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at voltages and electrons, making correlations from that all the
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way up to the size of a crosson you know,
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and Earth cross, but then going right out to the
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huge scale of our Solar system and then even bigger
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into spiral arms of our Milky Way. And that's kind
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of profound to be able to think across those different
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scale that's.
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Professor Kirklin from Curtain University, and this is space time
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still to come. Taiker notts stranded in orbit following space
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junk impact and the biggest Superman of the year. All
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that and more still to come on space time. Three
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Chinese taiker knots are stranded in orbit after suspected space
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junk hit their Shenzu twenty spacecraft just hours before it
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was slated to undock from China's Tiangong space station for
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the return journey to Earth. Mission managers are still assessing
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the damage in order to try and determine if it's
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safe for re entry. If not, the trio will need
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to wait for either a replacement Shenzu caps were to
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be launched or take over the Shenhu twenty one spacecraft,
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which arrived on the space station on Halloween within new
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station crew. The problem is that would leave the new
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crew without an escape mechanism if something else goes wrong.
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Apparently Beijing does keep a space and zoo on standby
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for emergencies, but as to how long it would take
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to get that prepared for a spaceflight and have a
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rocket ready to launch it on is yet to be explained.
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The Shenzu twenty crew arrived on station on April the
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twenty fourth. Like the Russian Soyuz space craft on which
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it was originally based, the Shenzu's composed of three detachable sections,
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a power and propulsion service module, crew living quarters, and
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a re entry in landing module, which is fitted with
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parachutes for the return to Earth. If any of these
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modules are deemed unsafe due to impact damage, mission managers
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would elect to deorbit the shen Zu un manned. It's
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not the first time China's Tiangong space station has been
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impacted by space junk. Back in twenty twenty three, one
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of the orbiting our post solar panels was sit triggering
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a partial power shortage on station. China has since in
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stored additional shielding to sections of the space station's exterior
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following that event. This is space time still to come
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the biggest supermoon of the year, and later in the
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Science report, a new study warns that up to fifty
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nine percent of Antarctic ice shelves are at risk of
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disappearing by the year twenty three hundred. All that and
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more still to come on space time. Skywatchers around the
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world have enjoyed a spectacular perogy full moon, the biggest
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so called supermoon of the year, appeared to be seven
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percent larger and thirty percent brighter than the average full moon.
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The dazzling lunar show happened because the Moon's orbit around
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the Earth isn't circular but elliptical. The Moon orbits the
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Earth in twenty nine and a half day is what's
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known as a synodic month. The moon cycles from a
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new moon to full moon and back again, always keeping
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the same face turned towards the Earth. The lunar orbit
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ranges from an apergee, the moon's most distant orbital position
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from Earth four hundred and five thousand kilometers, down to
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a perogy, its nearest orbital position to the Earth of
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three hundred and fifty six thousand kilometers, and this latest
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perogy Moon was thirty thousand kilometers closer to Earth than
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the average Earth Moon distance. And so when perogy occurs
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during a full moon, our lunar neighbor appears to be
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bigger and brighter than usual. Now in reality, you probably
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wouldn't have noticed the difference unless it was pointed out
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