March 26, 2026
From Cosmic Collisions to Astronaut Safety
Sponsor Link: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace...your one-stop solution for building a professional online presence with ease. To explore our special offers, just visithttps://squarespace.com/spacetime...
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This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace...your one-stop solution for building a professional online presence with ease. To explore our special offers, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime
SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 37 *Solving one of the mysteries of the Small Magellanic Cloud Astronomers may have finally solved one of the many mysteries of the Small Magellanic Cloud – a satellite dwarf galaxy the orbits the Milky Way. *Protecting astronauts from radiation in deep space NASA’s first manned mission to the moon in over half a century has been rolled out back to the launch pad and is now slated for launch on April first. *Another step forward in growing food in space Scientists have been putting their astronomical green thumbs to the test by trying to grow plants in simulated lunar and Martian soils. *The Science Report Study shows teen bullies are more likely to suffer faster biological ageing and obesity. Three new species of Australian rock-dwelling monitor lizards have been formally described. The spray-on fabric coating that can clean clothing without detergent. Skeptics guide to Florida’s skunk ape. https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/ This week’s guests include: Dr Trevor Lafleur from the University of New South Wales NASA Meteoroid Environment Office Lead Dr Bill Cooke from the Marshall Space Flight Centre Cryosat Principal Investigator Duncan Wingham University College London Ralph Cordey from EADS Astrium Research fellow Katharine Giles University College London And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/ For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you… For more podcasts visit our HQ at https://bitesz.com
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace...your one-stop solution for building a professional online presence with ease. To explore our special offers, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime
SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 37 *Solving one of the mysteries of the Small Magellanic Cloud Astronomers may have finally solved one of the many mysteries of the Small Magellanic Cloud – a satellite dwarf galaxy the orbits the Milky Way. *Protecting astronauts from radiation in deep space NASA’s first manned mission to the moon in over half a century has been rolled out back to the launch pad and is now slated for launch on April first. *Another step forward in growing food in space Scientists have been putting their astronomical green thumbs to the test by trying to grow plants in simulated lunar and Martian soils. *The Science Report Study shows teen bullies are more likely to suffer faster biological ageing and obesity. Three new species of Australian rock-dwelling monitor lizards have been formally described. The spray-on fabric coating that can clean clothing without detergent. Skeptics guide to Florida’s skunk ape. https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/ This week’s guests include: Dr Trevor Lafleur from the University of New South Wales NASA Meteoroid Environment Office Lead Dr Bill Cooke from the Marshall Space Flight Centre Cryosat Principal Investigator Duncan Wingham University College London Ralph Cordey from EADS Astrium Research fellow Katharine Giles University College London And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/ For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you… For more podcasts visit our HQ at https://bitesz.com
The Astronomy, Space, Technology & Science News Podcast.
WEBVTT
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Versus Spacetime Series twenty nine, Episode thirty seven, were broadcast
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on the twenty seventh of March twenty twenty six. Coming
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up on Space Time, solving one of the mysteries of
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the Small Magellanic Cloud, protecting astronauts from radiation in deep space,
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and another step forward in growing food beyond Earth. All
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that and more coming up on Spacetime.
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Welcome to space Time with Stuard Gary.
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Astronomers may have finally solved one of the many mysteries
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of the Small Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy which all
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but our own galaxy in the Milky Way. Like all
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the other stars in our galaxy, the Sun and its
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solar system, which includes the Earth, circles around the Milky
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Ways galactic center, taking somewhere between two hundred and twenty
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five and two hundred and thirty million years to completely
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each orbit, and from what we can tell, most other
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star systems and most other galaxies do the same around
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their galactic centers. The funny thing is that's not what
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happens in the Small Magelanic Cloud. This dwarf galaxy is
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one of the Milky Way's closest galactic neighbors, It's a small,
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gas rich galaxy, visible to the unaided eye from the
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southern hemisphere and bound to our galaxy by gravity, along
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with its companion, the Large Magellanic Cloud. All three galaxies,
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the Small Magilini Cloud, the Large Magilani Cloud, and the
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Milky Way have been interacting with each other.
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For millions of years.
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The Small madell Ani Cloud is also one of the
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most studded galaxies in the sky. Astronomers have cataloged at stars,
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mapped its gas, and tract its motion for more than
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half a century. Yet a basic question about it has remained,
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why don't it stars orbit around its galactic center the
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way stars in most other galaxies do now. A report
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in the Astrophysical Journal suggests the reason may be due
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to a galactic collision between the Small Machelanic Cloud and
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its larger companion, the Large Machelanic Cloud, millions of years ago.
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The findings also raised questions that has scientists use the
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Small Machelanic Cloud as a reference point by understanding other
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galaxies across the history of the cosmos. The studies lead
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author Harmonish wrath Or from Stewart Observatory says it's like
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seeing a galaxy transforming in live action. The small magellanic
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cloud contains more massing gas than it does in stars.
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Gas cools contracts under its own gravity and settles into
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a rotating disk, the same process that shaped the spinning
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plane of our solar system. But when astronomers previously measured
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the motion of the small matulinic cloud stars using the
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Hubble space telescope in the Gaya satellite, they found the
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stars white orbiting around the galactic center. Way stars in
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most other galaxies do. Rethel thinks the likely reason is
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the collision several hundred million years ago.
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He thinks these.
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Small matrilinic cloud crashed directly through the large machele any
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cloud's disc. It would explain why both galaxies are classified
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as disrupted spirals. During that collision, the large matrilinic cloud's
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gravity disrupted the small matelenic cloud's internal structure and set
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its stars into random, disordered motion. Also, a large machelanic
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clouds gas applied a tremendous amount of pressure to the
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small matrilinic clouds gas, destroying its gas rotation for decades.
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Telescope observation suggested that the gas inside the small matilinic
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cloud was rotating, but stars form out of gas and
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inherits motion, which means if the gas were spinning, the
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stars should be as well. But the new study now
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shows the rotation that was simply an illusion of the
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viewing angle. The collision is stretching the small matrilinic cloud,
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and gas moving towards and away from Earth along the
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stretch looks like rotation from certain perspectives. The authors use
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computer simulations tellored to match the known properties of the
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small and large Magelenic cul clouds, their gas content, their
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total stellar mass, and their positions relative to the Milky Way.
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They paired their simulations with theoretical calculations how the small
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magelinic cloud's gas was affected as it plowed through the
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large Magellanic clouds dense gas environment during the collision. The
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authors also develop new methods of reading the scrambled star
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motions in a post galactic collision soils that can now
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be used to properly interpret what the telescopes are actually
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measuring in the small Magellanic cloud. And that matters because
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the small Magelinic cloud is small, gas rich and low
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in heavy elements, all of which are properties that make
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it a standard yardstick for the kinds of galaxies that
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they are thought to have existed in the very early universe,
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and a galaxy that still reeling from a collision may
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not be a clean reference point. A study birath Or
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on colleagues last year showed that the collision also left
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a physical muck on the Large Magellanic Cloud, which could
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help scientists probe dark matter. The Large Magellanic Cloud as
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a bar shaped structure at its cent. That bar is
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tilted out of the plan of the galaxy as a
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result of the collision.
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Rathor says the.
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Degree of the tilt is tied to how much dark
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matter the small Machelanic Cloud contains, giving astronomers a new
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way to measure a substance that has never been directly
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detected and only inferred by its gravitational influence. This is
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space time still to come, protecting astronauts from radiation in
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deep space, and another step forward in growing food beyond Earth.
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All that and more still to come on space time.
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to the offer coat in our show notes Build your
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space online with square Space. NASA's first man mission to
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the Moon in over half a century has been rolled
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out back onto the launch pad and is now slated
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for flight on April. The first Artemis two have spent
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the last few weeks back in the vehicle assembly building
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at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, resolving a helium
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leak issue in the Space launch System Rockets upper stage.
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The ten day Artemis two mission will send a crew
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of four astronauts around the Moon and back to Earth
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in the process, traveling further from our home planet than
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any human has ever ventured. As the astronauts travel around
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the Moon, they'll be far beyond on the protective shielding
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of Earth's magnetic field, and so their Orion spacecraft will
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need to keep them safe from the dangers not just
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of the extreme temperatures and vacuums space, but also from
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exposure to radiation, both from deep space cosmic rays and
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from the solar wind and space weather events streaming out
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from the Sun. During their flight, both NASA and the
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National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration NOAH will monitor the Sun
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around the clock, translating space weather conditions into real time decisions.
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To protect the crew.
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Space weather refers to the changing conditions driven by solar
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wind and eruptions on the Sun. Solar flares are the
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most powerful eruptions in our solar system, the strongest unleashing
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more energy than a billion hydrogen bombs, and coronal mass
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ejections are giant clouds of solar particles hundreds of times
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the side of the Earth that burst forth from the Sun.
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Both solar flares and coronal mass ejections can affect technology,
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but the primary concern for astronauts are the solar particle
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events that can trigger accelerate some subatomic particles to near
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the speed of light. Now, if a significant solar particle
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event occurs the atomis two crew, it could raise radiation
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levels inside the spacecraft to higher. Total lifetime exposure of
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radiation will contribute to an increased risk of developing cancer,
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so during the Atomis two mission, NASA will need to
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try and minimize the risk. Operations lead for space weather
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analyst Mary Roni from NASA's Godard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland,
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says the focus will be on real time space weather analysis,
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prioritizing the solar energetic particles and events that could produce them.
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The GODID team will track any solar eruptions that occur,
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measuring how big they are, how fast they're moving, and
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how likely they are to generate energetic particles that will
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cross the ryot's path. To achieve this, they'll use real
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time data from sun watching spacecraft stategically placed around the
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Solar system. These include NASA's recently launched Interstellar Mapping and
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Acceleration Probe IMAP, NASA's Solo Dynamics Observatory, the joint NASA
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and Youruropean Space Agency Solar and Healousphic Observatory spacecraft SOHO,
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and noa's Geostationary Operational Environments satellite goes nineteen and it
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doesn't end there. Other spacecraft will also help monitor the Sun,
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and one of those is NASA's Perseverance Mars rover see
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jue to Mars's current orbital position. Perseverance can look at
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the fast side of the Sun that the Earth can't see,
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and the rovers' MASSCAMZ cameras will be able to give
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NASA's space weather teams a view of the larger sunspots
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up two weeks earlier, so that the team can monitor
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and prepare for possible solar flares. The complication is energetic
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solar particles don't stream straight out from the Sun. They
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tend to spiral along the Sun's magnetic field lines, tracing
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loops tens of thousands of kilometers cross and scattering due
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to particle collisions along the way, and the swarm is
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usually so large that from inside its particles seem to
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be coming from every direction. But it's a gradual rise
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in radiation that gives analyst time to evaluate the situation.
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Now.
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There are six radiation sensors aboard ARIN designed to measure
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doses in different parts of the cabin, and the crew
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will also be wearing their own personal radiation trackers called
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active disometers. If radiation levels increase, Orion's onboard systems will
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display warnings and sound on alarm. NASA has those level
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thresholds they'll be monitoring inside the capsule the first signals
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of caution, prompting closer monitoring coordination with medical and flat
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operations teams. A higher threshold triggers a recommendation for the
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crew to take shelter. That raises an important question, how
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do you take shelter from radiation inside a tiny spacecraft? Well,
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Radiation shielding in space is all about mass judged particles
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you see are slowed and absorbed as they pass through matter.
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So the astronauts are trained to configure their cabin during
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a solar particle event, removing stowed equipment from storage base
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and securing along the areas of the cabin to add
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extra mass between themselves and incoming particles. The complexity of
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solar parks events is one reason NASA places spacecraft across
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the Solar System. During that solar storm back in January
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we spoke about earlier, NASA analysts tracked a solar chronal
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mass ejection event on its way to Earth. When it arrived,
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satellites detected two distinct spikes in energy particles where there
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would normally only be one, and it was measurements from
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NASA's Biosentinal Cube SAT, which is deployed during the Atomus
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one mission, which revealed what was happening. That spacecraft, located
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some eighty eight million kilometers from Earth, detected a distinct
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eruption that later merged with the coronal mass ejection heading
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towards Earth. Automately, two separate eruptions occurred, and it doesn't
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end there. The crew on Atomis two will also need
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to account for exposure to Earth's radiation belts as well
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as galactic cosmic rays from deep space. The Van Allen
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radiation belts are two rings of high energy particles that
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surround the planet.
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Any mission headed.
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Towards the Moon or beyond will need to pass through
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both them, and the high energy galactic cosmic ray particles
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which emanate from sources will beyond our Solar system. Together,
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the radiation exposure from these sources is expected to be
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comparable to a one month stay on the International Space Station,
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or about five percent of an astronaut's career radiation limit,
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and any additional exposure from solar radiation events would simply
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add to this spaceline.
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This report from THEIRTV eruptions.
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From the Sun can release more energy than a billion
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hydrogen bombs, and astronauts are about to head straight into
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this harsh domain. During NASA's Artemis two mission, astronauts will
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leave Earth's protective magnetic field to travel around the Moon.
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Out there, they'll be exposed to some of the harshest
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