Oct. 2, 2025
Ceres: The Dwarf Planet That Might Have Hosted Life?
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the intriguing potential for life on the dwarf planet Ceres, explore NASA's latest mission to study the heliosphere, and celebrate the achievements of the University of Melbourne's Spirit Nanosat.
Ceres: A Potentially Habitable World?
Recent research published in Science Advances suggests that Ceres, currently a frigid and frozen world, may have once harboured conditions suitable for life. By modelling the planet's thermal and chemical history, scientists propose that Ceres could have sustained a long-lasting energy source, allowing for microbial metabolism. While there's no direct evidence of life, the findings indicate that Ceres had the necessary ingredients—water, carbon, and chemical energy—that could have supported single-celled organisms in its ancient past.
Nasa's New Heliospheric Mission
NASA has launched the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) to investigate the heliosphere, the magnetic bubble surrounding our solar system. This mission aims to enhance our understanding of solar wind and its interactions with interstellar particles, which are crucial for assessing space weather impacts on Earth. IMAP will operate alongside the Carruthers Geocorona Observatory and NOAA's Swifo L1 spacecraft, contributing to a comprehensive study of our solar environment.
Spirit Nanosat's Milestone Achievement
The University of Melbourne's Spirit nanosatellite has successfully completed its initial mission phase, deploying its thermal management system and taking a selfie in space. Launched in December 2023, Spirit is equipped with a miniaturised gamma-ray detector to search for gamma-ray bursts, marking a significant advancement in small satellite technology and scientific exploration.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Science Advances
https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv
NASA IMAP Mission
https://www.nasa.gov/imap
University of Melbourne Spirit Nanosatellite
https://www.unimelb.edu.au/
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
Ceres: A Potentially Habitable World?
NASA's New Heliospheric Mission
Spirit Nanosat's Milestone Achievement
(00:00) New study claims the dwarf planet Ceres could once have been habitable enough for life
(05:14) The Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe will study the heliosphere
(15:58) New study finds tropical fish are colonising new habitats because of ocean warming
(18:07) Khloe Kardashian reportedly claims she's seen UFOs and experienced paranormal activity
The Astronomy, Space, Technology & Science News Podcast.
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This is Spacetime Series twenty eight, episode one hundred and nineteen,
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for broadcast on the third of October twenty twenty five.
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Coming up on Spacetime, Could the Dwarf Planet series once
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have supported life? NASA's new mission to study the heliosphere,
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and the University of Melbourne's Spirit down as sat snaps
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a selfie. All that and more coming up on space Time.
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Welcome to Space Time with Stuart Gary.
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A new study claims that the Dwarf Planet series, which
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today is a cold, frozen world, could once have been
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habitable enough to support life. A report in the journal
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Science Advances haints a picture of series hosting a deep,
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long lived energy source that may have maintained conditions for
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long periods of time in the past. The new research
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by NASA found that Cerius may have had a long
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lasting source of chemical energy the right types of molecules
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needed to fuel microbial metabolisms. Now, before you get too
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carried away, there is no evidence at all that microorganisms
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ever existed on Ceris, but the findings do support theories
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that this intriguing dwarf planet, which is the largest body
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in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, may
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once have had conditions suitable for supporting single cell lifeforms.
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Dated from NASA's Dawn mission, which ended in twenty eighteen,
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previously showed that the bright reflective regions on Seri's surface
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are mostly made of salts left over from liquid that
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percolated up from deep underground. Later analysis in twenty twenty
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found that the source of this liquid was an enormous
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reservoir of brine, that is, salty water deep below the surface.
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Dawn also revealed evidence that Cerius had organic material in
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the form of carbon molecules, essential, although not sufficient on
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its own to support microbial life. The presence of water
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and carbon molecules are two of the key critical components
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necessary for habitability, and the findings also offer the third,
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a long lasting source of chemical energy in Series ancient
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past that could have made it possible for microorganisms to
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survive now. Once again, this result doesn't mean Series had life,
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but rather that there was likely to have been food
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available should life ever have arisen on Series. Hat reached
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their conclusions the Steadies author's book Thermal and Chemical Models.
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Mimicking the temperatures and composition of Series interior over long timespans,
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They found that around two and a half billion years ago,
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serious subsurface ocean may have had a steady supply of
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hot water containing dissolved gases traveling up from metamorphosized rocks
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on the seafloor. The heat would have come through the
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decay of radioactive elements within the dwarf planet's interior, which
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occurred when Cerius was still quite young. That's an internal
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process thought to be common throughout the Soul system. The
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Steadies lead author Sam Corville from Arizona State University, worked
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on the Dawn mission while with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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in Pasadena, California. He says that here on Earth, a
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hot water from deep underground mixes with the ocean deep
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sea hydrothermal vents. A result is often a buffet for
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microbes a feast of chemical energy, so this could have
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big implications if corvalent colleagues determined that Series Ocean had
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an influx of hydrothermal fluid in the past. Of course,
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the Series astronomers know today is likely to be completely uninhabitable.
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It's cooler, with a lot more ice and far less
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water than what it had in the past, and this
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currently insufficient heat from radioactive decay within Series to keep
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that water from freezing, and what liquid remains has now
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become a concentrated brine. The period when Series would most
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likely have been habitable would have been between half a
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billion and two billion years after it formed. That's about
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two and a half to four billion years ago when
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it's rocky core ridged its peak literature. That's when warm
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fluids would have been introduced into series underground water supply,
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and the dwarf planet also doesn't have the benefit of
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present day internal heating generated by gravitational tidal actions through
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the push and pull of orbiting a lunch planet like
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we see in Saturn's moon Enceladus and the Jovian moon Europa.
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So Series' greatest potential for habitability fueling energy was will
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in the past, but the results have implications for water
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rich objects throughout the Outer Solar System. There are many
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other icy moons and dwarf planets that are of similar
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size to the nine hundred and forty kilometer wide Series
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and which also lack the internal heating from the gravitational
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pull of planets, but could also have had a period
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of habitability way in their past. This is space time
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still to come. NASA's new mission to study the heliosphere
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and the University of Melbourne's Spirit NanoSat successfully completes the
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initial phase of its mission, search for gamma ray bursts.
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All that and more still to come. On space time,
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NASAs launched a new mission to study the Sun's magnetic bubble,
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the heliosphere. The heliosphere fills the entire Solar System, and
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it helps shield it from interstellar particles and radiation. The
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new mission, called the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe IMAP,
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will help astronomers develop a better understanding of this tenuous
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solar atmosphere and how events like space weather interact with it.
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IMAP was launched a board a SpaceX Falca nine rocket
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together with NASAs Corruther's Geocorna Observatory and Noah swift O
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L one spacecraft from Pad thirty nine A at the
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Kennedy Space Center in Florida. IMAP sensors and detectors will sample,
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analyzer map particles streaming towards the Earth from the very
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edges of our Solar System and beyond. The mission will
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also help scientists learn more about the Solar wind, the
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continuous stream of particles flowing out from the Sun and
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about energetic particles in the heliosphere. These particles can affect
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humans in space. They can damage spacecraft systems, may even
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have played a role in the presence of life in
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the Solar System.
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The JOHNS.
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Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland built the spacecraft,
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which is flying ten instruments to study the solar wind,
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interstellar dust and other particles, magnetic fields, and ultraviolet light
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in space. Following its launched, the nine hundred kilogram spacecraft,
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together with both the Carruthers Geocorna Observatory and swift ol one,
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have commenced their four month cruise phase to lagrange in
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L one position some one point six million kilometers away,
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located between the Earth and the Sun. L one is
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a sort of gravitational well where the pull of the
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Earth and Sun cancel each other out, allowing a spacecraft
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in that position to remain there in a stable orbit
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without expending a great degree of fuel. From L one,
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I am at well an underruptive view of activities at
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the distillar boundary in the Sun. Meanwhile, the third member
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of the Lord's Trio, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
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Swiffer L one spacecraft is the first NEUA observatory designed
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specifically four and fully dedicated to operational space weather observations.
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Its station at the L one position will allow unobstructed
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observations of the Sun's outer atmosphere, the corona, enabling upstream
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measurements of solar wind disturbances before they reach the Earth.
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This will allow the spacecraft to serve as an early
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warning beacon for geomagnetic storms. The probe's primary instrument is
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the cored II compact chronograph, which will monitor the Sun's
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surroundings to provide data for enhanced forecasting and improve sciences
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understanding the complex dynamics of the solar corona and disruptive
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space where the events like coronal mass ejections, lasts of plasma,
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and magnetic field exploding out from the Sun. Cored II
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employs a single external oculta, a cylindrical device that blocks
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the direct sunlight, creating an artificial eclipse. This allows the
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telescope to exclusively focus on faint details in the corona itself.
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Core II builds upon the earlier CORE one instrument, currently
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operational on Noah's Goes nineteen satellite in geo stationary orbit.
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While Core one experiences daily eclipses as the Earth passes
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between the satellite and the Sun. Core two at the
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old one position will be able to provide a continuous
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twenty four seven.
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View of the Sun.
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This location, coupled with a larger field of view and
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the ability to observe closer to the solar surface, allows
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Core two to capture slightly more images and more rapidly
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detect chronal mass ejections closer to the solar disk. This
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means scientists can determine their trajectory, bass and speed with
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greater accuracy, with the goal of predicting any space weather
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impact on Earth. Space weather events, also known as geomagnetic storms,
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are triggered by sustained periods of high speed solar wind
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coupled with a southward directed interplanetary magnetic field component, which
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facilitates magnetic reconnection and energy train ansfer at Earth's magneto pause.
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Understanding the initiation and propagation of chronal mass ejections and
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their subsequent impact on Earth's magnetosphere is crucial for predicting
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and mitigating the adverse effects of space weather. The repercussions
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of geomagnetic storms can range from temporary operational anomalies to
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significant infrastructure damage. These disturbances can disrupt satellite communications and
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navigation systems, cause geomagnetically induced currents in power grids, impacting
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their stability and reliability, increase atmospheric drag on lowerth orbit satellites,
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potentially shortening their operational lifespans, and interfere with high frequency
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radio communications. While chronal mass ejections typically require several days
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to transit from the Sun of the Earth, the most
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energetic events have been observed to arrive at Earth in
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as little as eighteen hours time. Therefore, timely and accurate
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observations of instruments like core TiO are essential. Once in
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its final orbit at L one, swift OL one will
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be renamed Space Weather Observation one to advance readiness SOLO
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one spacecraft. This report from Messity.
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From here on Earth, our Sun looks steady and unchanging,
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but close up it's a dynamic, active place, and sometimes
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you'd see bursts of radiation called solar flares, and explosions
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of plasma and magnetic fields called coronal mass ejections. But
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when the coronal mass ejections hit Earth, our magnetic.
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Field can go haywire.
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Powerful electromagnetic currents generated during these storms can harm our
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power grids, global positioning systems, communications networks, and spacecraft and
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astronauts on orbit. Meet Swiffo L one, Noah's first purpose
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built space weather observatory. From its unique vantage point at
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lagrange point one, a million and a half kilometers from Earth,
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Swifto L one keeps an eye on the Sun's corona
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twenty four to seven without interruption, to die early warning
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of solar storms heading our way. The spacecraft's crown jewel
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is its compact coronagraph, its eye on the Sun. Just
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like the Ghose nineteen coronagraph. It allows Swiffo L one
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to detect even the fastest corona mass ejections right as
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they happen. The spacecraft is also packed with a suite
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of new instruments that allow it to make real time
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measurements of the solar wind's velocity, density and temperature, and
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variations in the interplanetary magnetic field, all to provide better
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forecasts of incoming space weather than ever before. All of
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that technology floating out in space on Swiffo L one
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works together closely to keep us safe back here on Earth.
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Here's how it works. When a solar storm erupts from
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the Sun, Swiffo L one's coronagraph observes the event right
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away and sends the data back to the swifto ground segment,
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a network of antenna station all over the world, with
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the Swiffo command and control in Maryland. But spotting a
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storm is one thing, actually measuring it close up is another.
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It's the difference between tracking a growing hurricane on radar
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and flying through the storm on a hurricane hunter aircraft.
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Swiffo L one does both. After the spacecraft spots a
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storm with its coronagraph, it watches the approaching weather and
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waits Somewhere between eighteen and seventy hours later, the incoming
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storm passes over swift O L one. Then the spacecraft's
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instrument suite measures the storm's severity and speed and sends
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that data home too, giving Noah early warning somewhere between
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fifteen and sixty minutes before the storm arrives at Earth.
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Noah's Space Weather Prediction Center in Colorado is constantly on
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the alert, using all the data SWIFTFO L one collects
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to develop and communicate real time forecasts and warnings to industry,
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government agencies, and the public so they can take action
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before the storm arrives to minimize its impact. Those actions
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might include putting satellites into safe mode, re routing polar
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airline flights, sheltering in a safe area on the International
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Space Station, or changing loads on the power grid. In
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our increasingly technology dependent world, we're more vulnerable than ever
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to solar storms. But at the same time, our fleet
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of space weather satellites is aging out of service after
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many years of work in the harsh environment of outer space.
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That's why Swiffo l one is the first of a
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new generation of sun observing spacecraft that NOAH is launching.
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Swiffo l one will use its cutting edge observing technology
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to provide NOAH forecasters the best and most reliable data
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available and ensure our nation doesn't go a minute without
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eyes on the Sun, our life giving but turbulent neighborhood star.
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This is space time still to come. The University of
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Melbourne's Spirit satellite snaps the selfie and later in the
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science report. A new study has found that tropical fish
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are now colonizing new habitats in temperate waters. All that
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and more still to come on space time. The University
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of Melbourne's SPIRIT NANA satellite has successfully completed the initial
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phase of its mission. The Space Industry Responsive Intelligent Thermal
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NANAS satellite SPIRIT is the first space telescope funded by ASA,
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the Australian Space Agency, to carry a foreign space agency
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scientific instrument as its primary payload. The spacecraft was launched
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to board a Falcon nine rocket from the Vandenberg Space
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Force Space in California back in December twenty twenty three.
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Since its launch, Spirits circled the Earth more than nine
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thousand times, traveling a distance comparable with a trip between
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the Earth and Mars, and has been in orbit for
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over six hundred days. The completion of the first phase
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of Spirit's mission was marked with the deployment of its wing,
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thermal management system and selfie stick, which it then used
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