Jan. 14, 2026
Celestial Revelations: Betelgeuse's Hidden Companion and the Most Powerful Black Hole Event Ever Recorded
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Sponsor Links:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace. When it's time to get a presence online, go with the folks who support us...and build the best websites easily. No hassles. You can check out their special offer for SpaceTime listeners by visiting our special URL....Click Here
SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 6
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries in astrophysics, including the confirmation of Betelgeuse's elusive companion star, a spectacular black hole event, and the BepiColombo spacecraft's approach to Mercury.
Betelgeuse's Companion Star Confirmed
Astronomers have finally confirmed that the red supergiant star Betelgeuse has a companion star, named Saguara. Utilizing data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based observatories, researchers traced the influence of Saguara as it interacts with Betelgeuse's outer atmosphere. This discovery sheds light on the star's peculiar brightness variations and its eventual fate as it nears a supernova explosion, which could occur at any time in astronomical terms.
A Black Hole's Powerful Feast
In a remarkable observation, astronomers witnessed a black hole shredding a massive star in what is described as the most powerful event of its kind ever recorded. Known as a gravitational tidal disruption event, this phenomenon released energy equivalent to 400 billion times that of our Sun, surpassing even the most energetic supernovae. The event, cataloged as AT 2024WPP, offers new insights into black hole behavior and the dynamics of stellar destruction.
BepiColombo's Journey to Mercury
The BepiColombo spacecraft is nearing its orbit insertion around Mercury after a seven-year journey. Launched in 2018, this multi-spacecraft mission will study Mercury's surface, magnetic field, and interaction with solar activity. The mission consists of two orbiters that will work in tandem to gather comprehensive data about this enigmatic planet, promising to enhance our understanding of planetary formation and evolution.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Astrophysical Journal
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
European Space Agency Reports
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace. When it's time to get a presence online, go with the folks who support us...and build the best websites easily. No hassles. You can check out their special offer for SpaceTime listeners by visiting our special URL....Click Here
SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 6
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries in astrophysics, including the confirmation of Betelgeuse's elusive companion star, a spectacular black hole event, and the BepiColombo spacecraft's approach to Mercury.
Betelgeuse's Companion Star Confirmed
Astronomers have finally confirmed that the red supergiant star Betelgeuse has a companion star, named Saguara. Utilizing data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based observatories, researchers traced the influence of Saguara as it interacts with Betelgeuse's outer atmosphere. This discovery sheds light on the star's peculiar brightness variations and its eventual fate as it nears a supernova explosion, which could occur at any time in astronomical terms.
A Black Hole's Powerful Feast
In a remarkable observation, astronomers witnessed a black hole shredding a massive star in what is described as the most powerful event of its kind ever recorded. Known as a gravitational tidal disruption event, this phenomenon released energy equivalent to 400 billion times that of our Sun, surpassing even the most energetic supernovae. The event, cataloged as AT 2024WPP, offers new insights into black hole behavior and the dynamics of stellar destruction.
BepiColombo's Journey to Mercury
The BepiColombo spacecraft is nearing its orbit insertion around Mercury after a seven-year journey. Launched in 2018, this multi-spacecraft mission will study Mercury's surface, magnetic field, and interaction with solar activity. The mission consists of two orbiters that will work in tandem to gather comprehensive data about this enigmatic planet, promising to enhance our understanding of planetary formation and evolution.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
✍️ Episode References
Astrophysical Journal
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
European Space Agency Reports
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
The Astronomy, Space, Technology & Science News Podcast.
WEBVTT
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This is Spacetime Series twenty nine, Episode six, for broadcast
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on the fourteenth of January twenty twenty six. Coming up
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on Spacetime, Bettlegirls is elusive companion star finally confirmed. Astronomers
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witness a black hole destroying a star what that describes
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the most powerful of Vanevt's kind ever seen, and the
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Beppy Columbus spacecraft approaching Mercury orbit insertion. All that and
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more coming up on space Time.
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Welcome to space Time with Stuart Gary.
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Astronomers have confirmed that the red super giant star Bettlegirls
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does have a small companion star. Using new observations from
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that Is Hubble Space Telescope together with ground based observatories,
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astronomer must trace the influence of the companion star named
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Sawara as it plowed through the gas around Bettlegirls. Bettle
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Girls is the brightest star at the constellation of a
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Ryan the Hunter, marking Orion's shoulder. It's what's described as
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a semi regular variable red super giant, located between five
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hundred and thirty and seven hundred and twenty light years away.
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It's the ninth brightest star in the night sky and
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one of the largest and most luminous stars visible with
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the unaided eye. If you've never heard of bettle Girls,
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it's because these days it's commonly called beetlejuice, but its
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name before centuries of tortured mispronunciations, started out as ipdal Yaoza,
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meaning the hand of the big Man in Arabic, the
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big man being a Ryan the hunter. Bettle Ghirls began
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its life about ten million years ago as a spectral
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type ob bluestar. Calculations of Bettlegirls as mass ranged from
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slightly under ten to a little more than twenty times
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the mass of our Sun, and it has some one
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hundred thousand times the Sun's brightness and around eleven hundred
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times its diameter. In fact, if Bettle Girls were at
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the location of the Sun in the center of our
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Solar system, its surface would extend out to the orbit
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of Jupiter, engulfing the planet's mercury Venus, Earth, Mars, as
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well as the main asteroid belt. Today, Bettlegurs is a
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bloated old semi regular variable red supergiant. Red supergiants are
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the largest stars in the universe in terms of volume,
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although they're not the most massive luminous see After spending
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billions of years fusing hydrogen to healium in their core,
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a star's core hydrogen supply eventually runs out, and that
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balancing act between nuclear fusion pushing out gravity pulling in
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stops and gravity winds. The huge mass of the star
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crashing down on its core causes a dramatic increase in
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core temperature and pressure that triggers what's known as a
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helium flash, which causes the core helium to start fusing
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into carbon and oxygen. At the same time, the hydrogen
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rich region around the stellar core has moved down into
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the region. Temperatures and pressures are high enough hydrogen fusion
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into helium to commence an a shell around the core. Meanwhile,
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the increasing core temperature results in an increasing luminosity, and
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the resulting radiation pressure from the shell burning causes the
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outer diffuse gasous envelope of the star to expand to
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hundreds of times its previous radius, and as the now
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bloated star's chromosphere visible surfaces further away from the core,
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it cools down, turning redder. Hence the star has become
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a red giant. Sun Like stars eventually lose their outer
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envelopes which continue expanding outwards as planetary nebula. This ultimately
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exposes the star's white hot stellar core as a white dwarf. However,
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stars with masses more than say, eight times that of
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our Sun experience a very different fate. Unlike the Sun,
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their fusion cycle doesn't end with helium fusing into carbon
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and oxygen. See, they have enough mass to fuse the
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carbon and oxygen in their core into progressively heavier and
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heavier elements through a different process, while shell burning around
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the core also fuses progressively heavier and heavier elements carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, nickel,
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and eventually iron. These stars become super giants. Eventually they'll
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explode as core collapse supernovae, ending up either as neutron
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stars or even stranger objects called black holes singularities of
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infinite density in zero volume places, with the laws of
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physics as we understand them no longer applies. Bettle Girls
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is expected to explode as a core collapse or type
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two super and ova any day now, which in astronomical
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terms could mean a million years from now, or it
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could be tomorrow. When it does explode, Bettle Girls will
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temporarily outshine all the other stars in our galaxy and
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will be clearly visible from Earth in the daytime sky.
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The last star seen by humans to go soup and
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over in our galaxy was Tacho Star back in fifteen
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seventy two, and that was before the invention of the tele.
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This new research.
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Reveals a trail of dense gas swirling around Bettlegers's vast
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extended envelope, and it sheds new light on why this
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giant stars brighten as an atmosphere have changed in strange
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and unusual ways. The results of the study, reported in
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the Astrophysical Journal, were presented at the annual meeting of
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the American Astronomical Society in Phoenix, Arizona. The authors detected
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Sawara's wake by carefully tracking changes in Bettelegerz's light over
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nearly eight years. These changes show the effects of the
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previously unconfirmed companion as it plows through the outer atmosphere
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of Bettlegirls. The discovery resolves one of the biggest mysteries
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about the giant star, helping scientists explain how it behaves
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and evolves well at the same time opening new doors
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on the understanding of other massive stars reaching the end
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of their lives. Using Nasa'shubble Space Telescope as well as
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ground based observatories, the authors saw a pattern of changes
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in Bettlegirls which provided clear evidence of a long suspected
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companion star and its impact on the red super giants
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autter atmosphere. Those include changes in the star's spectra, specific
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colors of light given off by different elements, and the
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speed and direction of gases in the outer atmosphere due
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to a trail of denser material. This trail awake appears
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just after the companion crosses in front of Bettle Girls
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every six earth years. The studies lead author, Andrew dupri
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from the Harvard and Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics says, it's
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all a bit like a boat moving through water. The
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companion start creates a wake or ripple effect in Bettlegirls's
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atmosphere we can see in the data, confirming that Bettlegirls
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really does have a hidden companion shaping its appearance and behavior.
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For decades, astronomers have been tracking changes in Bettlegirls's brightness
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and surface features in hopes of figuring out why the
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star behaves the way it does. That curiosity intensified after
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the giant star became unexpectedly faint in twenty twenty, going
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from the ninth brightest star in a night sky down
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to around twenty two. Distinct periods of variation in the
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star were especially puzzling for scientists. A short four hundred
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day cycle recently attributed to pulsations within the star itself
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and along a two thy one hundred days secondary period.
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Until now, scientists are considered everything from large convection cells
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and clouds of dust to magnetic activity, but the possibility
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of a hidden companion star was also there. Recent studies
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concluded that the long secondary period was best explained by
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the presence of a low mass companion orbiting deep within
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Bettlegirls's atmosphere, and scientists have reported a possible detection, but
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until now, astronomers lack the evidence to prove what they
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believed was happening. So now, for the first time, they
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have firm evidence that a companion star is disrupting the
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atmosphere of the super giant.
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Prey says.
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The idea that Bettlegirls had an undetected companion had been
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gaining popularity over several years now, but without direct evidence
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it was nothing more more than an unproven hypothesis. Finding
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the wake of its companion means astronomers can now understand
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how stars like this evolve, how they shed material, and
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eventually how they explode. A supernovae with bettlegirls now eclipsing
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its companion from our point of view, astronomers are planning
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new observations for the next emergence, but that won't be
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until twenty twenty seven. Needless to say, we'll keep you informed.
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This is space time still to come. A black hole
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destroy is a star and the most powerful event of
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it's kind ever seen, and the Joint European Space Agency
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Jack's a Bebby Columbo mission is now nearing Mercury orbit
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arrival following its seven year journey. All that and more
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still to come on Space Time. This episode of Space
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code space time, and of course we have a link
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in our show notes.
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This is space Time with Stuart Garry.
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Astronomers have witnessed a black hole shredding and devaring a
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massive star on a scale never seen before. The discovery,
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reported in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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and at the Annual Meeting of the American Astronomical Society
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in Phoenix, Arizona, is known as a gravitational title disruption event.
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It's thought to have been caused by a stellar mass
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black hole ripping apart a large companion star in a
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binary system. Black Holes are gravitational worlds of infinite energy
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in zero volume and as singularities. As the happless star
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is torn to shreds by the black hole's gravity, its
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remains form an accretion disc around the black hole before
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eventually passing a point of no return called the event horizon,
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beyond which it falls forever into the black hole's singularity.
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The studies lead author Daniel Purley from John Moll's University
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says it's a rare or inspiring phenomenon. The resulting explosion
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is one of the most powerful cosmic events in history,
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and the amount of energy being released briefly reached four
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hundred billion times that of the Sun and exceeded even
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the most powerful known supernovae. Now black holes have been
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observed to vouring stars before, but never on this scale.
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The spectacular event, cataloged as at twenty twenty four WPP
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and nicknamed the Whippet, was detected using this vicky transient
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facility at the Palomar Observatory in California. Early and colleagues
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realized the event might be a luminous fast blue optical transient,
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a rare and poorly understood type of visual event associated
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with the destruction of stars. Within a day, the authors
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obtained observations from the Liverpool Telescope in the Canary Islands
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and from Massa Swift Space telescope in Earth orbit, confirming
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that this object did indeed have the expected properties of
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aluminous fast blue optical transient. It was very blue, and
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it was producing X rays. The phenomena was then confirmed
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when astronomers provided a distance measurement to show that it
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was emitting far more energy than a normal supernova. Purley
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says this was many times more energetic than any similar
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event and more than any known explosion powered by the
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collapse of a star. Not only do these events help
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astronomers identify black holes, they provide a new way to
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identify where black holes occur, how they form and grow,
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and they of how this happens. Further investigations of eighty
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to twenty twenty four WPP revealed that it also produced
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a powerful shark wave that propagated outwards at one fifth
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speed of light into dense surrounding gas before suddenly fizzing
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out about half a.
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Light year away.
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As material the accretion disc spirals towards the center, it
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heats up to extreme temperatures, releasing both X ray radiation
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and a powerful wind of gas and particles, which crashes
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into material that were shared by the star before its
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final demise, producing the luminous, blue, optical and ultraviolet data
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seen in the first few days, as well as all
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the radio and millimeters data that's also been detected. The
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shock thistles out once it reaches the edge of the
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bubble left by the gas previously shed from the doom Star. However,
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one mystery remains. Observations by the Keck telescopes in Hawaii,
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as well as the Magillan Observatory and the Very Large
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telescope in Chile, revealed that why the event was devoid
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of recognizable chemical signatures in the first month of the
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initial explosion, Weak signatures of hydrogen and helium gas emerged
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later on as the event was fading away. Unexpectedly, the
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helium was moving along the line of sight at more
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than six thousand kilometres per second. That suggests a densely
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bound structure had somehow survived the blast and was now
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moving rapidly towards us. The authors speculate this could originate
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from the stream of material released by the core of
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the star as it was being torn apart by the
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immense gravitational forces of the black hole. More speculatively, it
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