Cosmic Questions, Gravitational Waves & Dad Jokes from the Universe

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Andrew Dunkley: Hi there. Andrew Dunkley here. You're listening to or

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watching Space Nuts, A, Q and A edition. Good to have

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your company. And coming up, we have

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got questions from all over the district.

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or maybe all over the planet. we're going to be surfing

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gravitational waves. Well, the question is,

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can we. But I'll elaborate when

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we get to that. the rotation of space time has come

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up, firing, lasers into space. And

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we've got a couple of jokes, which is nice, but

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they're so funny nobody laughs because we

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don't understand them. But, that's the nature of the

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jokes because Judd wants Fred Watson to

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explain why they're funny. So we'll get it. We'll

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get to that and much more on this episode of

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space nuts.

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Generic: 15 seconds. Guidance is internal.

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10, 9. Ignition

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sequence start. space nuts. 5, 4, 3,

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2. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4.

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3, 2 dot Space Nuts.

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Astronauts report. It feels good.

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Andrew Dunkley: And he's back again. And he's reached a point in his

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life where he can tell. Great dad

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jokes. Great, great, great dad jokes.

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Perhaps. Hello, Fred Watson.

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Professor Fred Watson: yeah, no, I'm not a great granddad. I am a granddad, though.

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yes, and, with a new. A new granddaughter who,

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oh, we'll be seeing this week sometime.

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Andrew Dunkley: Yeah.

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Professor Fred Watson: Excellent.

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Andrew Dunkley: It's very good news. yes. good to

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see you, Fred Watson. By the way, thanks for joining us.

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Professor Fred Watson: I was passing by, I thought might as well.

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Andrew Dunkley: Yeah, I couldn't do this without you because, I

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would have no idea about some of the answers to these

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questions. But, we might as well just go straight to

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it. And our first question comes from sunny

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California.

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Rennie wants to know, theoretically, can

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gravitational waves pick up any kind of subatomic

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particles or larger objects and carry them for a

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certain period of time and drop them off as

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they get weaker? Kind of like a surfer catching a wave.

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Now, gotta tell you, in one of my science

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fiction novels, I did this exact thing. Although it

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wasn't a small object. It was a

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space battle cruiser that got picked up

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by a neutron bomb

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explosion which created a gravitational wave. But that's another

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story, and it's science fiction, so I could do whatever I like.

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But, yeah, that's a good question. can they pick anything up

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and carry it for a distance?

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Professor Fred Watson: Well, no. apparently not. I checked

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this one up, a while ago,

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and, so

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gravitational waves are a deformation

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of spacetime. And,

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objects, feel them, because

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that's how we detect them. The fact that the

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Shape of space changes slightly as a

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gravitational wave passes through. it's, basically a

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vibration of space time. and we

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detect that by. Well, one way of detecting it is

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by using two mirrors,

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four kilometres apart in the case of ligo, the, Laser

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Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory.

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two mirrors whose separation can be

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measured to, what is it? 1 10,000th of

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the diameter of a neutron, I think a proton.

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Andrew Dunkley: Wow.

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Professor Fred Watson: It's ridiculous. Yeah, ridiculous.

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But that's what you need, because the. As we've talked about

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before, the, In fact, I think we mentioned this

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last week, the flexibility of space is very, very low. It's

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very stiff. 100 billion billion

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times the stiffness of steel if you use Young's

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modulus as a yardstick. so, But space

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does vibrate. but, that's what happens.

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So it vibrates as the wave passes

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through, but you don't get surfed by

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the wave. You know, it doesn't pick things up and carry them with

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it. That's. Which is Rennie's point, I think,

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things feel its presence, they feel it by the

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vibrations that it sets up, but

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they stay put. And that's just as well, because, you

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know, the Earth's being bombarded by gravitational waves all the time.

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We really wouldn't want to be carried away, from

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our neat and tidy orbit around the sun by

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passing through.

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Andrew Dunkley: But, you know, what you've just done? You've debunked my book.

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Professor Fred Watson: Well, that's. I, wasn't going to mention that.

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Andrew Dunkley: However. However, I. I will. I will

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qualify by saying it wasn't, you know, a

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standard gravitational wave.

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Professor Fred Watson: That was the neutron bomb. Gravitational.

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Andrew Dunkley: Created by human action. So, you know,

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I might get away with that one, but,

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Yeah, So you did say they're

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hitting us all the time. Because I remember when we first

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talked about gravitational waves being discovered, it

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seemed like a rare event, but it's not.

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Professor Fred Watson: No, that's right. And in fact, you and I have spoken about the

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sort of background noise of gravitational waves that

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m. Swirling around,

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the planet all the time. and yes, it's

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just as well that space is so

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stiff, because otherwise we'd be

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getting rattled pretty badly all the time by gravitational

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waves.

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Andrew Dunkley: Nice. Well, okay, good.

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Other things can rattle us.

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Professor Fred Watson: Yes, they can. And that neutron bomb explosion

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might, actually rattle us to the one you were talking about in your book.

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But that would be a shockwave, not a gravitational wave.

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Andrew Dunkley: Yes, indeed. All right, thank you,

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Rennie. Lovely to Hear from you. Rennie's one of our regular

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contributors.

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Our next question comes from yet another regular contributor.

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His name is Rusty.

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Andrew Dunkley: G' day, Fred Watson and Andrew. It's Rusty

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in Donnybrook. Now we know that in the realm of physics, human

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logic often goes awry. Here's a

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try anyway. Thinking about the Big

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Bang, initially, no matter

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came out of it. It was, was all energy.

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And most of this was in the form of

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space time. Looking at, black holes, which

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is the opposite. This is matter going into

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a black hole after the event horizon.

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And when it finally gets to the singularity,

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it can't exist as matter. So it must exist

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as, matter's equivalent, which

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is energy. We also know that space

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time can rotate. We've seen, photographs

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now of frame dragging. And we know that it even exists,

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around the Earth. So we've got

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some interesting things there about space time.

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It has mass, it can rotate.

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So is this energy dark matter?

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It must also have a mass equivalence if

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it's got energy. So, if it is

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dark matter, could that be. Could it be the rotation

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of space itself on a

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galactic scale influencing the rotation

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of spiral galaxies? That's my

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question. Pretty difficult day. Okay, cheers.

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Andrew Dunkley: Yeah, yeah. Rusty, you love asking

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these curveball questions. I know. I, think you

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sit there trying to figure out what to throw at

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us next. this is an interesting one. We have talked about the

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rotation of space time before or whether or not it does,

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dark energy is always coming up. And we spoke about a

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new theory on, dark matter

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in our last episode. And we keep sort of cross

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referencing dark matter and dark energy. But, yeah,

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okay, so, does space time

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rotate?

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The mass of space

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time, could that be dark matter?

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I think I precede that too much. But anyway,

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that was the guts of the question.

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Professor Fred Watson: So, the energy

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that the universe

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contained at first, was photons. It was

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electromagnetic energy, and

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they then basically collapsed into

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matter. So the Big Bang was very efficient at that

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process. when things cooled down a bit.

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when something crosses the event horizon, goes into a black

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hole, it remains as matter,

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even though it's now been squashed into an

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infinitesimal point. so

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the material

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content of a black hole, is

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mass. It's matter because it increases its mass.

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we know that mass and energy are related by E equals MC

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squared. Rusty certainly knows that.

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so, I'm just,

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I'm not sure I'm following the

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logic there. We do know,

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that, we've had

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this issue with the asymmetric,

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sorry, the unequal rotation of galaxies

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clockwise and anti clockwise, that seem to be more one

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way than the other. And that has raised the suggestion that

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the universe is rotating. And it turns out if it

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rotates once every 500 billion years, then

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you can get rid of the Hubble tension.

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I think that's the bottom line there.

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And so, I mean, you

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know, Rusty's points are all well made. I

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don't think we get rid of dark matter and dark energy

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though, by those considerations.

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I think we're still stuck with puzzles that we don't

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understand.

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Andrew Dunkley: Yeah, I don't think he was talking about getting rid of dark

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matter, but he was talking about the

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mass of space time being dark matter.

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Professor Fred Watson: Yeah, sorry, I'm using the wrong

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words there. I'm using my words.

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Andrew Dunkley: that's all right.

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Professor Fred Watson: Very loosely, yes, that's right.

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But dark matter, is,

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you know, it's clumpy.

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It's not, something that is

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equal throughout the universe, which if it

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was space time, it would be. I mean

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space time itself doesn't have mass. It's

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the fabric within which mass,

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within within which it exists.

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So I, think

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it's an interesting suggestion, as

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rusties always, are. But I'm not sure that

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works out. Throwing the equation of

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state there, that'll do it. Oh yes, Talking about that

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last episode.

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Andrew Dunkley: Yes. Oh, gosh, here we go. The

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headache worthy material, this.

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Professor Fred Watson: Yes, that's right.

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Andrew Dunkley: when you talk about the universe and space time, like space

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time, you said it doesn't have mass. It's just everything

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that's in it is what's mass? Is

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it strung out evenly across a,

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universal plane or it's not

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evenly spread

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360 degrees in all directions, is it?

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Professor Fred Watson: Well, it more or less is. But

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you're right, it

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changes from one place to another because math

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matter changes the shape of space time.

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so if you've got a lump of matter, then

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you're distorting the space around it and yes, frame

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dragging. Something, that Rusty mentioned. Frame

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dragging is the way a rotating object drags

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the space time around with it. But even if it's not rotating, it's

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still deforming the space time around. It's how gravitational

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lenses work. And so space

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space time is this crinkled

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pattern of

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irregularity that comes from the matter

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within it. And we think

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what we call the cosmic web, this

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entangled web of almost like a foam

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of dark matter that itself has

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mass and changes the shape of spacetime. That's how

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we think the galaxies formed and how we think

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we got the structure that we see today. but you

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need mass within space time in order

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to get those phenomena.

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Andrew Dunkley: Gotcha. All right, thank you Rusty.

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stirring the pot as always. This is

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Space Nuts Andrew Dunkley here and Fred Watson

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Watson just he's right next to me.

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Now back to space nuts.

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Generic: 3, 2, 1.

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Professor Fred Watson: Space nuts.

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Andrew Dunkley: Our next question comes from Dave.

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Dave's in Indiana, which is also the name

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of my sister in law's cat. if you fire.

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I don't know why I said that. If you fire a laser into

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space, would you the emission impart a force

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in the opposite direction? If not,

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could a broad beam be used on a space

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sail to effectively move a spacecraft?

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thank you, Dave. we have talked about this

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concept before. They're talking about

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experiments of

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spacecraft using interstellar

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sails or whatever you want to call them, being pushed

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along by laser. I don't know if they've

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actually done it yet or maybe they've tried it

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in small scales. I can't remember. We

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have come across this before.

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Professor Fred Watson: There was some research that

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00:15:48.501 --> 00:15:51.421
was published and we talked about it on Space Nuts probably a

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00:15:51.421 --> 00:15:54.071
couple of years ago now in fact it might even be

335
00:15:54.071 --> 00:15:56.831
longer which demonstrated that a light

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sail will actually provide an

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acceleration to a spacecraft. I think this was using sunlight

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if I remember rightly. But there's a spacecraft

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00:16:05.101 --> 00:16:07.951
that was just an experimental one. They

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00:16:07.951 --> 00:16:10.751
used a light sail. They could tilt it in

341
00:16:10.751 --> 00:16:12.871
different directions and it

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00:16:13.191 --> 00:16:15.991
basically provided accelerations exactly what they

343
00:16:15.991 --> 00:16:18.871
expected from the transfer of momentum

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00:16:18.951 --> 00:16:21.671
from the photons to the sail

345
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itself. so, yes. And the answer is

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yes. So there is a whole study,

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Dave, looking at this,

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the project is called Breakthrough Starshot.

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I'm not sure whether it's still running but the

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idea was to do a

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feasibility study,

352
00:16:42.923 --> 00:16:45.882
funded by a Russian billionaire called Yuri Milner,

353
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under the Breakthrough Foundations,

354
00:16:49.213 --> 00:16:52.103
ah, Aegis. They were basically

355
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doing a feasibility study to see whether

356
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you could use powerful lasers to fire

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photons at a light sail and accelerate a

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spacecraft to maybe half the speed of

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light, maybe a little bit less, but certainly a

360
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significant fraction of the speed of light by bombarding

361
00:17:10.333 --> 00:17:13.303
it with these photons all the time. to

362
00:17:13.303 --> 00:17:16.193
see whether you could get it to Alpha Centauri, or

363
00:17:16.193 --> 00:17:18.873
Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to our solar system,

364
00:17:19.413 --> 00:17:21.813
in a reasonable time. In other Words, you know,

365
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decade or so, rather than the

366
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60,000 years it would take using conventional rockets.

367
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So it has been well looked after. So,

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your idea is good

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and is already, you know, already in train and

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in fact has already been demonstrated by this

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00:17:38.953 --> 00:17:41.803
experiment that was, carried out in Earth orbit.

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Andrew Dunkley: And if you were to fire a laser into space, there would be

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00:17:45.083 --> 00:17:48.003
no recoil, there'd be no backwash or whatever you want

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to call it.

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Professor Fred Watson: I think that's correct, yeah. I need to check that, but I think that

376
00:17:52.633 --> 00:17:55.323
is correct, because, yes, you wouldn't want your blazer

377
00:17:56.043 --> 00:17:57.883
firing off in the opposite direction.

378
00:17:58.043 --> 00:18:00.433
Andrew Dunkley: It's not, it's not like firing a bullet. it

379
00:18:00.753 --> 00:18:03.342
shoots from shooting light. there's no

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recoil from a torch or a flashlight.

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00:18:05.823 --> 00:18:08.293
Professor Fred Watson: Well, but yes, I mean, there might be.

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00:18:08.613 --> 00:18:11.293
Yeah, I think that is correct. I think that's correct.

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00:18:11.293 --> 00:18:11.733
Andrew Dunkley: Yeah.

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Professor Fred Watson: You'd never detect it in a torch anyway.

385
00:18:14.113 --> 00:18:17.003
Andrew Dunkley: No, definitely not. I have just done a bit of

386
00:18:17.003 --> 00:18:19.083
a search and I found a website called

387
00:18:19.083 --> 00:18:21.963
planetary.org and this

388
00:18:21.963 --> 00:18:24.843
is an organisation that is working

389
00:18:24.843 --> 00:18:27.723
on light sail technology, through

390
00:18:27.723 --> 00:18:30.363
the Planetary Society. And,

391
00:18:31.123 --> 00:18:33.923
they're doing a light sail programme and they

392
00:18:33.923 --> 00:18:36.703
demonstrated that solar, sailing is a

393
00:18:36.703 --> 00:18:39.343
viable means of propulsion. And for small

394
00:18:39.343 --> 00:18:42.133
satellites, solar sails, use

395
00:18:42.133 --> 00:18:44.603
sunlight instead of rocket fuel for propulsion.

396
00:18:45.493 --> 00:18:48.173
they are one of the few technologies that could be used for

397
00:18:48.173 --> 00:18:50.933
interstellar travel. Their Light Sail

398
00:18:50.933 --> 00:18:53.733
2 spacecraft was, in

399
00:18:53.733 --> 00:18:56.732
space from June, 2019 to November

400
00:18:56.856 --> 00:18:59.334
2022 and successfully used sunlight,

401
00:18:59.844 --> 00:19:02.664
alone to change its orbit around Earth. So

402
00:19:02.664 --> 00:19:04.184
that's probably what you were thinking of.

403
00:19:04.264 --> 00:19:06.174
Professor Fred Watson: It is, yes, that's right, yeah.

404
00:19:06.174 --> 00:19:08.614
Andrew Dunkley: So that's a website worth

405
00:19:08.774 --> 00:19:11.054
visiting, Dave, if you want to check it out.

406
00:19:11.054 --> 00:19:14.054
Planetary.org but there are

407
00:19:14.054 --> 00:19:16.534
so many other stories about lightsail technology

408
00:19:16.694 --> 00:19:19.284
and lots, of people giving this

409
00:19:19.764 --> 00:19:22.324
very, very serious thought. So,

410
00:19:22.844 --> 00:19:25.644
worth worth chasing up if you want to find out more

411
00:19:25.644 --> 00:19:28.044
about it. And thank you, Dave, for the question.

412
00:19:32.684 --> 00:19:33.684
Andrew Dunkley: Space nuts.

413
00:19:33.684 --> 00:19:36.644
Andrew Dunkley: Now, final question is not a question at all.

414
00:19:36.644 --> 00:19:39.544
Excep. It's a question that needs to

415
00:19:39.544 --> 00:19:42.454
be answered. Doesn't make sense. But, Judd,

416
00:19:42.454 --> 00:19:44.984
who, is in Brisbane, formerly Sydney,

417
00:19:45.144 --> 00:19:48.014
the traitor. Traitor, says. G' day,

418
00:19:48.254 --> 00:19:51.044
Andrew and Fred Watson. Heidi did a great job of, co hosting while

419
00:19:51.044 --> 00:19:54.004
Andrew was away. It could take years for her to bring

420
00:19:54.004 --> 00:19:56.924
her dad jokes to Andrew's level, though. Yes,

421
00:19:56.924 --> 00:19:59.834
that's very true. you know, there's

422
00:19:59.834 --> 00:20:02.784
no comparison to how bad I am. I, came

423
00:20:02.784 --> 00:20:05.734
across this zinger online. He says, if

424
00:20:05.734 --> 00:20:08.654
you use it, maybe Fred Watson could explain why it's funny.

425
00:20:09.134 --> 00:20:12.084
that always goes down, down well with my wife. He

426
00:20:12.084 --> 00:20:12.364
says.

427
00:20:12.364 --> 00:20:15.234
All right, here we go. Two spinal. spinal.

428
00:20:15.314 --> 00:20:18.314
Two spiral galaxies walk into a

429
00:20:18.314 --> 00:20:21.194
pub. The first one goes up to the bar and asks for

430
00:20:21.194 --> 00:20:24.074
two drinks, one for him and one for his friend. The

431
00:20:24.074 --> 00:20:26.834
barman looks suspiciously at the second spiral

432
00:20:26.834 --> 00:20:29.754
galaxy and says, I'm sorry, but I can't serve your friend.

433
00:20:29.754 --> 00:20:32.604
He'll have to go. The first spiral galaxy

434
00:20:32.604 --> 00:20:35.164
complains, why can't you serve him? The barman

435
00:20:35.164 --> 00:20:37.084
replies, he's barred

436
00:20:38.604 --> 00:20:41.284
deafening silence. Why is that,

437
00:20:41.284 --> 00:20:41.804
Fuzzy?

438
00:20:41.964 --> 00:20:44.124
Professor Fred Watson: I'm chuckling away to myself here.

439
00:20:44.844 --> 00:20:47.684
Ho, ho, ho, ho,

440
00:20:47.684 --> 00:20:50.354
ho, ho. So, it's really interesting.

441
00:20:50.354 --> 00:20:53.154
There's three different, three different

442
00:20:53.794 --> 00:20:56.274
uses of the word bar here. Ah,

443
00:20:57.514 --> 00:21:00.434
the bar. The barman's got, and

444
00:21:00.434 --> 00:21:03.394
a bar being something that prevents

445
00:21:03.394 --> 00:21:06.394
you from doing something new Bard. But also,

446
00:21:06.714 --> 00:21:09.274
we talk about spiral galaxies having a bar.

447
00:21:09.754 --> 00:21:11.394
Andrew Dunkley: I kind of figured it was something.

448
00:21:11.394 --> 00:21:14.144
Professor Fred Watson: Like that by that sort of bar. think of a chocolate bar

449
00:21:14.704 --> 00:21:17.094
this time. spiral

450
00:21:17.094 --> 00:21:19.854
galaxies that rather than just having

451
00:21:19.854 --> 00:21:22.014
a central bulge with

452
00:21:22.464 --> 00:21:25.384
spiral arms coming from them, they've got the central

453
00:21:25.384 --> 00:21:28.064
bulge, but they've also got a bar across. And the spiral

454
00:21:28.064 --> 00:21:30.624
arms start with the. From the ends of the bar.

455
00:21:31.374 --> 00:21:34.274
indeed. Our own galaxy has one which has

456
00:21:34.274 --> 00:21:37.274
been observed and measured by the Gaia spacecraft and

457
00:21:37.274 --> 00:21:40.154
many others. So our galaxy has one. We sort of

458
00:21:40.154 --> 00:21:43.154
look at it sideways from our vantage point, or obliquely,

459
00:21:43.154 --> 00:21:44.274
if I can put it that way.

460
00:21:46.374 --> 00:21:49.194
it's a, you know,

461
00:21:49.194 --> 00:21:52.034
it's a phenomenon that is very common

462
00:21:52.194 --> 00:21:54.644
among galaxies. We, call them barred

463
00:21:54.644 --> 00:21:55.244
spirals.

464
00:21:55.404 --> 00:21:56.124
Andrew Dunkley: There you are.

465
00:21:56.444 --> 00:21:59.324
Professor Fred Watson: They are spirals. So your friends are bad.

466
00:22:00.124 --> 00:22:03.004
Your friend's bad. That's because he's a bad spiral. Sorry,

467
00:22:04.454 --> 00:22:07.334
it took a long time to get that through. No.

468
00:22:07.334 --> 00:22:09.814
Andrew Dunkley: Well, it certainly required

469
00:22:09.814 --> 00:22:12.814
explanation. I'm sure some people immediately went, oh, yeah, I get

470
00:22:12.814 --> 00:22:15.804
it. but, others like myself would have gone, I

471
00:22:15.804 --> 00:22:18.664
don't. Yeah, I'm scratching my head. although it's

472
00:22:18.664 --> 00:22:21.024
prompted another dad joke. You ready for this, Judd?

473
00:22:21.704 --> 00:22:23.624
so the Milky Way

474
00:22:24.184 --> 00:22:26.744
can't. Here we go. Is non

475
00:22:26.744 --> 00:22:29.464
alcoholic. Because it's. It's barred.

476
00:22:30.904 --> 00:22:32.984
Professor Fred Watson: Yes, it's bad spiral.

477
00:22:33.464 --> 00:22:36.264
Andrew Dunkley: Yeah. Terrible,

478
00:22:36.424 --> 00:22:39.134
horrible joke. thanks, Judd. Oh, he had a bonus

479
00:22:39.134 --> 00:22:41.904
joke. the. The bartender says, I

480
00:22:41.904 --> 00:22:43.864
don't serve anyone. Faster than light,

481
00:22:44.824 --> 00:22:46.664
a neutrino walks into the bar.

482
00:22:48.824 --> 00:22:50.104
Why is that funny?

483
00:22:50.104 --> 00:22:53.054
Professor Fred Watson: So that was when, it's a story.

484
00:22:53.054 --> 00:22:56.014
It's quite an entertaining story, which we covered. This

485
00:22:56.014 --> 00:22:58.864
is going back maybe even a decade, right? there

486
00:22:58.864 --> 00:23:01.424
is A particle detector at Gran Sasso

487
00:23:01.984 --> 00:23:04.304
in Italy, northern Italy, which

488
00:23:04.544 --> 00:23:07.464
detected neutrinos that were being emitted

489
00:23:07.464 --> 00:23:10.424
by the Large Hadron Collider on the French Swiss border. Now,

490
00:23:10.424 --> 00:23:13.334
I remember neutrinos barely interact with anything,

491
00:23:13.334 --> 00:23:16.174
so they travel through rock, cheerfully go right through the,

492
00:23:16.124 --> 00:23:18.874
Earth, no problem. But the,

493
00:23:19.964 --> 00:23:22.444
problem was these neutrinos

494
00:23:23.004 --> 00:23:25.004
seemed to arrive at Gran Sasso,

495
00:23:26.064 --> 00:23:28.864
in a time that was less than what it would

496
00:23:28.864 --> 00:23:31.744
take them if they were travelling at the speed of light, which is about the

497
00:23:31.744 --> 00:23:34.544
speed that they do travel. They travel very close to the speed of light.

498
00:23:34.544 --> 00:23:34.944
Andrew Dunkley: Right.

499
00:23:35.504 --> 00:23:37.174
Professor Fred Watson: And so, this was,

500
00:23:38.524 --> 00:23:41.324
it really hit the headlines big time. Faster than

501
00:23:41.324 --> 00:23:43.884
light neutrinos. And,

502
00:23:44.204 --> 00:23:46.924
you know, people commented on it. There were

503
00:23:47.484 --> 00:23:49.564
relativist theories, people

504
00:23:50.684 --> 00:23:53.644
digging up what could be going on here. They were all

505
00:23:53.804 --> 00:23:56.804
trying to think of how the theory of relativity could be

506
00:23:56.804 --> 00:23:59.724
modified to accept this, to make it work.

507
00:24:00.044 --> 00:24:03.004
And a few other people were saying, I bet it goes away. I bet there's something

508
00:24:03.004 --> 00:24:05.824
wrong with the equipment. About a month

509
00:24:06.064 --> 00:24:08.864
after that experiment had

510
00:24:08.864 --> 00:24:11.704
been reported, they fessed up at Gran

511
00:24:11.704 --> 00:24:14.584
Sasso that they had discovered a faulty connector.

512
00:24:15.644 --> 00:24:18.454
and it was that faulty connector, that

513
00:24:18.454 --> 00:24:21.084
was giving the, mistaken

514
00:24:21.084 --> 00:24:24.004
impression that these neutrinos was travelling faster than the speed of

515
00:24:24.004 --> 00:24:26.564
light. It's to do with their clocking. And it was

516
00:24:26.884 --> 00:24:29.524
so embarrassing that the director is.

517
00:24:29.784 --> 00:24:32.504
He resigned to. Resigned, yeah.

518
00:24:32.504 --> 00:24:35.424
Andrew Dunkley: Wow. I mean, we've, we've talked

519
00:24:35.424 --> 00:24:37.224
about certain gaffes in

520
00:24:38.024 --> 00:24:40.744
science, discoveries, etc in the past, but that,

521
00:24:40.744 --> 00:24:43.064
that's a, that's a big price to pay, isn't it?

522
00:24:43.064 --> 00:24:45.884
Professor Fred Watson: It is, yeah. Yeah. He was, I think he felt that, he'd have

523
00:24:45.884 --> 00:24:48.724
put Italy on the scientific map for the wrong

524
00:24:48.724 --> 00:24:50.684
reasons because they had a faulty connector.

525
00:24:50.924 --> 00:24:53.724
But it does remind me of another joke that was going

526
00:24:53.724 --> 00:24:56.724
on round about the same time. This was back in 2012 when

527
00:24:56.724 --> 00:24:58.524
the Higgs boson was discovered,

528
00:24:59.834 --> 00:25:02.564
which I always liked. and it's very

529
00:25:02.564 --> 00:25:05.364
quick. A Higgs boson walks into a bar

530
00:25:06.404 --> 00:25:09.244
and. No, let me start again.

531
00:25:09.244 --> 00:25:12.044
That's the wrong joke. Wrong

532
00:25:12.044 --> 00:25:12.364
joke.

533
00:25:12.364 --> 00:25:13.164
Andrew Dunkley: That was funny.

534
00:25:13.164 --> 00:25:16.044
Professor Fred Watson: That was funny. That was good, wasn't it? A Higgs boson, a

535
00:25:16.044 --> 00:25:18.084
Higgs boson walks into a church

536
00:25:19.284 --> 00:25:21.884
and the priest says, I'm sorry, we don't allow Higgs

537
00:25:21.884 --> 00:25:24.884
bosons into this church. And the Higgs boson said, well, how do

538
00:25:24.884 --> 00:25:25.824
you have mass there, then?

539
00:25:26.944 --> 00:25:29.664
Andrew Dunkley: Love it. I have heard that before.

540
00:25:29.904 --> 00:25:32.544
Professor Fred Watson: Yes, I'm sure you have, yeah. Was doing the round.

541
00:25:32.624 --> 00:25:35.074
Andrew Dunkley: I've got a, somewhat spacey joke because,

542
00:25:35.224 --> 00:25:37.904
GPS operates using global positioning

543
00:25:37.904 --> 00:25:40.864
satellites. I'm going to

544
00:25:40.864 --> 00:25:43.154
buy you one of these, Fred Watson. This is, a GPS

545
00:25:43.234 --> 00:25:45.234
navigation system for seniors.

546
00:25:46.514 --> 00:25:47.154
Professor Fred Watson: Okay.

547
00:25:47.714 --> 00:25:50.604
Andrew Dunkley: It, not only tells you where to

548
00:25:50.604 --> 00:25:53.404
go, is how to get there. It tells

549
00:25:53.404 --> 00:25:55.844
you why you wanted to go there in the first place.

550
00:25:58.484 --> 00:26:01.364
Professor Fred Watson: Yeah, that's a good one. It probably needs to tell you where you've come

551
00:26:01.364 --> 00:26:04.004
from as well and how to get back.

552
00:26:05.604 --> 00:26:08.295
I'm, not quite at that stage yet. My GPS

553
00:26:08.295 --> 00:26:11.095
gets used a lot and I always know why I'm going

554
00:26:11.095 --> 00:26:13.295
there. Although sometimes I do wonder.

555
00:26:13.455 --> 00:26:16.245
Andrew Dunkley: Well, it's reached a point where we wonder how we

556
00:26:16.245 --> 00:26:16.725
dealt without.

557
00:26:16.725 --> 00:26:18.765
Professor Fred Watson: It is amazing, isn't it?

558
00:26:18.765 --> 00:26:21.685
Andrew Dunkley: We used to have those big, thick roadmap books in the

559
00:26:21.685 --> 00:26:21.965
car.

560
00:26:23.245 --> 00:26:26.045
Professor Fred Watson: Yeah. I used to have them on the passenger

561
00:26:26.045 --> 00:26:29.005
seat with page markers in them so I

562
00:26:29.005 --> 00:26:31.885
could, you know, when I got to that end of. End of one map,

563
00:26:31.885 --> 00:26:34.485
I could turn it over and find where I was on the next.

564
00:26:34.485 --> 00:26:35.645
Terribly dangerous.

565
00:26:36.125 --> 00:26:39.125
Andrew Dunkley: Yeah, the way it was. You're not allowed to touch your phone

566
00:26:39.125 --> 00:26:40.605
in a car, but you can read a book.

567
00:26:41.975 --> 00:26:42.855
Professor Fred Watson: Yes, that's right.

568
00:26:43.415 --> 00:26:46.215
Andrew Dunkley: Yes. Yeah, it's, it's. Yeah.

569
00:26:46.215 --> 00:26:48.995
And, for all you young people, they used. It was made

570
00:26:48.995 --> 00:26:51.915
of paper with coloured maps inside.

571
00:26:52.315 --> 00:26:53.995
It was very, very.

572
00:26:55.035 --> 00:26:55.875
Professor Fred Watson: Some of them anyway.

573
00:26:55.875 --> 00:26:56.195
Andrew Dunkley: And in.

574
00:26:56.195 --> 00:26:56.475
Professor Fred Watson: Great.

575
00:26:56.554 --> 00:26:59.435
Andrew Dunkley: And instead of it following you along on your phone,

576
00:26:59.515 --> 00:27:01.995
you just ran your finger along the red line.

577
00:27:02.555 --> 00:27:05.465
Okay, I gotta turn left there. Yes,

578
00:27:05.785 --> 00:27:07.785
all right, we're done. Fred Watson, thank you so much.

579
00:27:08.785 --> 00:27:11.735
Professor Fred Watson: It's a pleasure. and we will talk again soon, I hope.

580
00:27:11.735 --> 00:27:14.575
Andrew Dunkley: Yes, yes. I think I've got one more recording session before I

581
00:27:14.575 --> 00:27:17.225
head off and hand over to Heidi again for a while. But,

582
00:27:18.485 --> 00:27:20.885
I will be reporting in from my various

583
00:27:20.885 --> 00:27:23.775
destinations around the world. So, we'll, tell you

584
00:27:23.775 --> 00:27:26.775
more about that down the track. Don't forget to visit us online too,

585
00:27:26.775 --> 00:27:29.675
because we need some more questions. we are desperately short, as it

586
00:27:29.675 --> 00:27:32.515
turns out. Cleaning out the closet of questions

587
00:27:32.515 --> 00:27:35.355
was probably a bad idea. But anyway, it got done.

588
00:27:35.995 --> 00:27:38.535
SpaceNutspodcast, uh.com Space Nuts

589
00:27:38.535 --> 00:27:41.455
IO is where you can send us your questions on

590
00:27:41.455 --> 00:27:44.415
the AMA link, audio or text. Either

591
00:27:44.415 --> 00:27:47.215
way, tell us who you are and where you're from. We love to know

592
00:27:47.215 --> 00:27:49.935
that. And, Huw in the studio.

593
00:27:50.135 --> 00:27:53.065
well, I think you'll know where this is going. He couldn't be with

594
00:27:53.065 --> 00:27:55.905
us today because he's barred

595
00:27:56.225 --> 00:27:58.745
and from. From me, Andrew

596
00:27:58.745 --> 00:28:01.745
Dunkley. Thanks for your company. We'll see you on the

597
00:28:01.745 --> 00:28:03.515
next episode. Goodbye.

598
00:28:04.795 --> 00:28:07.595
Generic: You've been listening to the Space Nuts. Podcast

599
00:28:09.195 --> 00:28:11.915
available at Apple Podcasts, Spotify,

600
00:28:12.155 --> 00:28:14.915
iHeartRadio or your favourite podcast

601
00:28:14.915 --> 00:28:16.635
player. You can also stream on

602
00:28:16.635 --> 00:28:19.595
demand at bitesz.com This has been another

603
00:28:19.595 --> 00:28:21.635
quality podcast production from

604
00:28:21.635 --> 00:28:22.795
bitesz.com

605
00:28:23.865 --> 00:28:26.745
Andrew Dunkley: I love getting a Wait for this one. A barb in

606
00:28:27.015 --> 00:28:29.825
Professor Fred Watson: The good ones. Yes, I like that too. You should have.

607
00:28:29.825 --> 00:28:31.105
Should have thrown that in somewhere.

608
00:28:31.105 --> 00:28:33.825
Andrew Dunkley: Well, I haven't stopped recording yet, but I'm going to press stop now.