Feb. 12, 2026
Cosmic Dust in a Jar, Volcanic Eruptions on Io & Following the Coal to Find Extraterrestrial Life
Sponsor Link: https://incogni.com/spacenuts Cosmic Dust in a Jar, Volcanic Eruptions on Io, and the Quest for Intelligent Life In this exciting episode of Space Nuts, hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson delve into a series of captivating...
Sponsor Link:
www.incogni.com/spacenuts
Cosmic Dust in a Jar, Volcanic Eruptions on Io, and the Quest for Intelligent Life
In this exciting episode of Space Nuts, hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson delve into a series of captivating cosmic stories that will spark your imagination. From the groundbreaking creation of cosmic dust in a lab to the simultaneous volcanic eruptions on Jupiter's moon Io, this episode is a treasure trove of astronomical insights.
Episode Highlights:
- Cosmic Dust in a Jar: A Sydney PhD student has synthesized cosmic dust in a laboratory setting. Andrew and Fred discuss the implications of this breakthrough for our understanding of how complex organic molecules form in space, and whether this could reduce the need for future space missions to gather samples from asteroids.
- Simultaneous Volcanic Eruptions on Io: The hosts explore the extraordinary event of five volcanoes erupting at once on Io, revealing insights into the moon’s geological activity. They discuss the gravitational forces at play and how this discovery challenges previous theories about Io's solid interior.
- Follow the Coal to Find Intelligent Life: A new theory suggests that the presence of coal may be a key factor in the development of intelligent civilizations. Andrew and Fred unpack the idea that access to natural resources could influence technological advancement, raising questions about the rarity of intelligent life in the universe.
For more Space Nuts, including our continuously updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, Instagram, and more. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favorite platform.
If you’d like to help support Space Nuts and join our growing family of insiders for commercial-free episodes and more, visit spacenutspodcast.com/about.
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support.
www.incogni.com/spacenuts
Cosmic Dust in a Jar, Volcanic Eruptions on Io, and the Quest for Intelligent Life
In this exciting episode of Space Nuts, hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson delve into a series of captivating cosmic stories that will spark your imagination. From the groundbreaking creation of cosmic dust in a lab to the simultaneous volcanic eruptions on Jupiter's moon Io, this episode is a treasure trove of astronomical insights.
Episode Highlights:
- Cosmic Dust in a Jar: A Sydney PhD student has synthesized cosmic dust in a laboratory setting. Andrew and Fred discuss the implications of this breakthrough for our understanding of how complex organic molecules form in space, and whether this could reduce the need for future space missions to gather samples from asteroids.
- Simultaneous Volcanic Eruptions on Io: The hosts explore the extraordinary event of five volcanoes erupting at once on Io, revealing insights into the moon’s geological activity. They discuss the gravitational forces at play and how this discovery challenges previous theories about Io's solid interior.
- Follow the Coal to Find Intelligent Life: A new theory suggests that the presence of coal may be a key factor in the development of intelligent civilizations. Andrew and Fred unpack the idea that access to natural resources could influence technological advancement, raising questions about the rarity of intelligent life in the universe.
For more Space Nuts, including our continuously updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, Instagram, and more. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favorite platform.
If you’d like to help support Space Nuts and join our growing family of insiders for commercial-free episodes and more, visit spacenutspodcast.com/about.
Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support.
WEBVTT
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Hi there, thanks for joining us. This is Space Nuts.
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My name is Andrew Dunkley and it's always good to
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have your company. I hope you're well. Coming up on
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this episode we will be discussing these things. A Sydney
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PhD student has created cosmic dust in a jar, probably
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not quite a jar, but pretty close to a jar.
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So how did they do it? And what does this mean?
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Does it mean we'll never have to go out the
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space again? Possibly? Anyway, that's a really good story, this one.
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Because I'm a bit of a volcano junkie. Simultaneous volcanic
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eruptions have been recorded on EO, one of Jupiter's moons,
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and it's a very rare event. In fact, I think
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it's the first time it's been recorded as far as
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I'm aware.
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So we'll look at that, and here.
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Is a line for the ages, find the coal, and
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we find the people. That's all coming up in this
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episode of Space Nuts back of the Channel ten nine
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ignition Space Nuts or three two Space Nurse, as I
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report it, mels good and here to unravel the revelment
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that is all of those stories is Professor Fred Wat's,
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an astronomer at large.
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Hello Fred, Andrew. I can easily ruvel them all up again.
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I can tell you make them even more revel than
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they were to start with. Yes, well, you know, we
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don't strive for excellence here.
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We never have.
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It's all about adequacytable.
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Sometimes we don't even make adiquousy. No, probably not no, But.
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Some quirky stories today, And I'm very excited about this
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first one because this, I mean, I joked about us
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not having to go back into space and you know,
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intercept asteroids and collect junk from them, because this kind
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of does it for us, and you don't have to
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leave the planet. The Sydney pH d student creating cosmic dust.
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This is quite extraordinary.
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It is.
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It's actually a great story, and it's nice that it's
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got you know, it's got a local flavor to it
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because of the Sydney University connection. I used to have
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an honorary professorship at Sydney University, but I think it's lapsed.
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I think they've got rid of me.
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So as never mind of them, still like dishonoring a chick,
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still happy to sing their praises. Sydney University is pretty good,
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particularly my dad went there. Yeah, that's good anyway, what's
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it all about. It's about a bit of a mystery
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because we now know.
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That, you know, a lot of the.
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Complex organic molecules that we often talk about as the
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building blocks of life, the amino acids and all of
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those sorts of things, we know that they are found
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in space. But what's not been clear is well, two
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things not clear. One is did they find their way
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to Earth? And maybe you know, when we find these chemicals,
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for example, in meteors and in comets, maybe yes, there
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have been collisions that have brought them to Earth. So
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that's a fairly logical step. But the big question has
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been how do they form in the depths of space
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enough quantities that they're quite commonplace? And we know they
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are because we can see a lot.
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Of these.
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Basically these chemicals. It deep in the dust and gas
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clouds that we often analyze, things like the nebulae which
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have got not just gas in them, blowing gas, but
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often clouds of dust as well. And dust is very
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well studied by astronomers using infrared and radio telescopes. In fact,
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one of my close friends who was one of my
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fellow students hundreds of years ago at Saint Andrews made
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his career in studying cosmic dust and the contents of
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that and looking at the way these chemicals come together
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or have been brought together. The question is how do
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they come together? And that's the question that's been asked
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by a team at Sydney University, including the PhD candidate
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who's I think she might be the lead author on
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this paper, Linda Losudo. She has essentially created this synthetic
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version of the cosmic dust that are infrared and radio
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astronomy colleagues measure in clouds of gas and dust. She's
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created it, synthesized it in the laboratory, probably as you said,
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in a jar, with other things as well. And the
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extraordinary thing is that what she's created seems to match
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what these carbonaceous dust particles tell us in space. In
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other words, you know, it seems like a very accurate synthesis.
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So what she did was took a set of gases
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quite simple nitrogen, carbon dioxide and acetylene which also contains
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hydrogen oxygen, these gases in a tube and then basically
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irradiated them with very intense electrical energy. They put ten
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thousand vaults into the tube, which was almost in a vacuum,
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so the pressures are very low, and you actually, if
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you do that, you get these glow discharge phenomena, You
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get colors appearing from the exciting X citation of the atoms.
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But what she also found was that on silicon basically sorry,
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not silicon, silicate silicate fingers within the within the tube,
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they found these tiny particles of dust forming, and when
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they analyze them, they've got exactly the same chemical signature
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as these dust clouds in space. And so what they're
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saying is that these basically these chemicals do form in
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the kind of high energy environment that you find around
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for example, a white dwarf star that's beaming out ultraviolet radiation,
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or in the aftermath of a super and ova, where
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you've got a sort of neutron star which is also
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got high energy processes because the you know, the supernova
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explosion itself creates shockway and things of that sort. So
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she's basically mimicking those conditions and finding that what she
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gets in the jar is what you get in space
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when you see those conditions. So it's a really nice
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piece of work, and congratulations to that.
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Yes, yes, indeed, and I mean I was probably being
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a bit silly suggesting that this is going to replace
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the need to go out and catch asteroids and have
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a scratch around on the surface. We still need to
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do that because they're not all identical. There's going to
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be things to learn from various missions in the future,
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which we've already seen come to fruition in a couple
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of cases. But I suppose what she's done is she's
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opened a door to learning how things happen way out
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in space where we can't even get and maybe coming
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up with ways of looking at these mysteries at a
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local level and kind of putting a bit more light
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on them.
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I suppose, Yeah, that's right, to study them better. And
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you know, I'm sure this is just the beginning of
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a series of experiments that will produce some really interesting results,
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might maybe even give us molecules that are actually closer
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to life molecules than they've already found. So I think
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I think it's a very promising avenue of research.
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It coincides with a story I read last week that
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had nothing to do with astronomy or space dust, but
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it was a science story about a bloke who went
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to a river and took a handful of mud, shoved
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it in a jar and then sealed it off from
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the rest of the world. And he just filled it
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with water and just put it to one side, and
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he left it, and he covered it up, and he
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didn't go back for a couple of months, I think
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it was. And when he came back, it had created
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its own balanced ecosystem, completely separate from the rest of
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the world. New life had come and gone, and a
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species had become dominant, some kind of slug.
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You know. It really does.
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Make you wonder how life hasn't been found anywhere else
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yet if that can be done with a blob of
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mud from a river in a sealed jar. I mean,
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if you opened it, it all dies because they've created their
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own world. But it was an amazing story. I was
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captivated by it that I didn't think it was possible.
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I thought, if you cut off the outside world, that
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would be the end of it. But no, they created
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their own eco system and their own environment and their
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own atmosphere, and yeah, it worked. I didn't think it
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was possible. Now kids are going to be going out
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filling jars with mud and seiling them up.
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This is what's a fascinating experiment.
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Yeah, if you wait a few million years, you john
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like you know, Evolver a dinosaur or something like that World.
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Cood miniature one. You never know. That's a fascinating story
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and this one is too, and you can read about
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it at fizz dot org. And I think the paper
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was published in the Lost It there you go. I
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saw it there a minute ago, but there was a
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paper publisher the Astrophysical Journal there you are, so look
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out for that one. This is Space Narts with Andrew
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Dunkley and Professor Fred what's an Let's take a break
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Now this next story is just as fascinating. I guess
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most people will have heard of the moon Eo, which
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orbits Jupiter. It's a very very interesting and somewhat foreboding place.
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It's just absolutely covered in volcanoes and they erupted quite
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a lot. But what's happened in this case is they
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have had five volcanoes erupt simultaneously, which has kind of
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got them wondering what's going on inside.
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Exactly. That's right. In fact, that's the story in the Nutsha.
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So yes, the innermost of the large moons of Jupiter,
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the ones that were discovered by Galileo Buck in sixteen ten.
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It's the nearest one to the planet, and that means
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it feels the strongest and most disruptive, if I can
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put it that way, gravitational pull from Jupiter. So it's
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constantly being squashed and squeezed by the gravitation of Jupiter,
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and that's what we think is the reason behind it's
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very active and dynamic volcanism. It is the most volcanically
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active body in the Solar System. It's not the one
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covered with the most volcanoes. That's actually Venus. But Venus
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may be maybe inactive. Now we don't actually know whether
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Venus's volcanoes are still active. You and I've talked about
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that before, but we definitely know that the ones on
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EO are because we've seen them on many occasions and
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the results that have brought this story to uh, you know,
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to the science media. I have come from our old
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friend Juno. The spacecraft, the orbiting spacecraft NASA spacecraft, which
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is in orbit around around Jupiter, and it's captured basically
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infrared images of the southern polar region of EO, and
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has realized that there are five volcanoes going off at
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the same time. It's so it is really quite an
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extraordinary thing, quite a coincidence. These these volcanoes, they are
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all in the southern south polar region of EO. He
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is about the same size as our moon. It's not
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a small world. So what they've what they've done is
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tried to work out what that means if you've got
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first of all, a very violent eruption, that was what
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drew their attention to this event, but the fact that
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nearby there were others in sync with the main volcano.
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So what I think is coming out of this is
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the suggestion of a porous or spongy interior for EO,
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rather than a solid body as was thought before. And
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that might mean that there's some sort of like almost
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like a liquid magma reservoir. There's actually big enough that
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it pokes through the cruster EO in a number of
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different places. And so you've got several volcanoes all erupting
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simultaneously what they call interconnected magma chambers, which would allow
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for these highly lava rich eruptions to take place simultaneously,
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and so it it sort of calls into question the
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old idea about the interior of EO, which was thought
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to be fairly solid. But if it's kind of porous
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and spongy, then that might explain why we're seeing these
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phenomena of such volcanic activity.
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Yeah, and it's not the same kind of activity as
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we see on Earth with our volcanic eruptions, you know,
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which is to go to Well, EO, it's being really
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