Volcanic Wonders, Super Earth Seasons, and Supersonic Flight Milestones: S04E25

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Language: en

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welcome to astronomy daily I'm your host


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Anna and we have an absolutely packed


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show for you today covering some of the


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most exciting developments in space news


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we'll be exploring an unprecedented


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volcanic event on Jupiter's moon iio


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that's literally off the charts take a


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look at a fascinating super Earth that


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experiences extreme Seasons as it moves


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in and out of its Stars habitable zone


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and discuss some major updates from the


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International Space Station we'll also


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dive into the latest developments from


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the European space conference celebrate


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a historic achievement in civilian


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supersonic flight and examine a newly


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discovered asteroid that's caught the


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attention of astronomers worldwide so


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strap in for another Journey Through the


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latest discoveries and developments in


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space exploration and astronomy there's


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a lot to cover so let's get


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started late today SpaceX founder Elon


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Musk stirred controversy with an


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unexpected announcement regarding


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astronauts aboard the International


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Space Station in a post on social media


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musk claimed space had been asked by


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President Trump to mount a rescue


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mission to expedite the return of two


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NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Sunni


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Williams who have been on the ISS since


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June


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2024 in a message posted by musk on X he


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said the podus has asked SpaceX to bring


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home the two astronauts stranded on the


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space station as soon as possible we


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will do so the astronauts originally


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traveled to the station aboard Boeing


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Starliner spacecraft during its crew


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flight test mission however due to


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technical concerns with Starliner


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propulsion system and helium leaks


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encountered during its Journey to the


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station NASA made the decision to bring


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the astronauts home aboard spacex's


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Dragon capsule instead NASA has firmly


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pushed back against any characterization


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that the astronauts are stranded in


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space emphasizing that the decision to


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switch return Vehicles was made out of


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an abundance of caution as former NASA


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administrator Bill Nelson explained


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during a December briefing after


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extensive testing at White Sands while


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they identified the cause of a


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problematic valve issue they couldn't


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determine the underlying reason making


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it too risky to attempt a crude return


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flight this situation has required some


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reshuffling of crew assignments NASA


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astronauts Zena Cardman and Stephanie


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Wilson have been removed from their


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planned mission to make room for Wilmore


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and Williams on the upcoming Dragon


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return flight the new crew Arrangement


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is set to return in late February ahead


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of the crew 10 Mission launch which has


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been delayed to March due to spacecraft


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Readiness issues this transition from


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Starliner to Dragon highlights both the


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challenges and advantages of NASA's


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commercial crew program which maintains


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multiple providers to ensure continued


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access to the International Space


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Station while Starliner continues


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development work toward full


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certification for regular crew rotation


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missions spacex's Dragon capsule


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provides the flexibility needed to


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maintain safe operations this is of


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course a breaking story and I'll keep


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you


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posted in other nasar related news today


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NASA's Juno Mission has made a


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groundbreaking discovery on Jupiter's


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moon IO detecting what scientists are


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calling the most powerful volcanic event


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ever recorded in our solar system and


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when we're talking about IO that's


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really saying something as this moon is


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already known as the most volcanically


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active World we've ever


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encountered the hotspot discovered in


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io's southern hemisphere is truly


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massive spanning an area larger than


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Earth's Lake Superior but what's even


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more impressive is its raw power output


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this single volcanic feature is pumping


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out more than six times the total energy


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produced by all of Earth's power plants


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combined this remarkable Discovery was


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made using Juno's Jovian infrared


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auroral mapper or jum instrument the


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hots spot is so intense that it actually


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saturated the detector suggesting that


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what appears as one massive feature


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might actually be several closely spaced


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volcanic events occurring simult ously


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hinting at an extensive underground


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magma chamber system to put the scale of


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this event in perspective the hotspot


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covers approximately 40,000 square miles


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that's more than five times larger than


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the previous record holder io's Loki


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Patera which spans about 7,700 square


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miles the total power output measured


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from this volcanic region exceeds 80


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trillion Watts a truly mindboggling


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figure this extreme volcanic activity is


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driven by Jupiter itself IO orbits very


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close to the gas giant completing a


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circuit every 42.5 hours the moon's


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elliptical orbit means it experiences


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varying gravitational forces as it moves


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closer to and further from Jupiter


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resulting in intense tidal forces that


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literally squeeze and stretch the moon


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this constant stress generates enormous


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amounts of heat melting io's interior


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and fueling its estimated 400 active


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volcanoes scientists are particularly


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excited about this discovery as it could


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enhance our understanding of volcanic


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processes not just on iO but throughout


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the solar system the Juno team plans to


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continue monitoring this region during


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future flybys tracking how this


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unprecedented volcanic event evolves


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over


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time and yet another fascinating


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Discovery just announced astronomers


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have found a remarkable superar Planet


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orbiting a star only 19.7 light years


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from Earth what makes this planet


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designated HD 20794


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D particularly intriguing is its unusual


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orbit that takes it in and out of its


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Stars habitable zone the region where


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temperatures could allow for liquid


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water on a planet


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surface this super Earth weighing in at


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about 6.6 times Earth's mass follows an


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extremely elongated orbit around its


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parent star While most planets in our


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solar system follow nearly circular


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paths hd20 794 D's orbit is more like a


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stretched out ellipse creating what must


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must be extraordinary seasonal changes


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during its 647 day Journey around its


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star the planet swings from a distance


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equivalent to Mars's orbit to about as


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close as Venus is to our sun this means


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that for part of its year the planet


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experiences conditions that might be too


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cold for liquid water before passing


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through the habitable zone and then


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briefly entering a region where


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temperatures could become uncomfortably


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hot imagine the climate on such a world


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long harsh Winters when the planet is at


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its furthest point from its star


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followed by a relatively brief but


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intense summer as it sweeps through the


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inner part of its orbit scientists


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speculate that any oceans might freeze


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during the winter months only to thaw


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and potentially even begin evaporating


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during the short summer season before


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freezing again as the planet moves back


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out the star this super Earth orbits


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known as HD 20794 or 82 aridon is


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slightly dimmer and less massive than


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our sun remarkably it's bright enough to


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be visible to the naked eye from Earth


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in the constellation aidus the planet


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shares its system with two other super


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Earths that follow more conventional


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nearly circular orbits closer to their


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star the discovery of this world


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provides an excellent opportunity for


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future telescopes to study its


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atmosphere and help us understand the


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extreme limits of planetary habitability


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its relatively close proximity to earth


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and its unique orbital characteristics


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make it an ideal Target for


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investigating how life might adapt to


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dramatically varying conditions on other


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worlds the 17th European space


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conference has kicked off in Brussels


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with bold declarations about Europe's


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future in space European commissioner


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for defense in space Andreas cabelus set


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an ambitious tone declaring that whoever


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controls Space controls the future he


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emphasized that Europe must maintain its


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position as a leading space Power


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calling for Unity across the European


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space ecosystem the European Space


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Agency is taking significant steps


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forward with several groundbreaking


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initiatives they've secured an arani 6


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rocket launch for the Sentinel 1D


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satellite the fourth unit of the cernus


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Sentinel 1 Mission this new satellite


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will join its recently launched sibling


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Sentinel 1C to enhance global Earth


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observation capabilities in a major


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development for climate monitoring the


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European commission has expanded its


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carbon dioxide monitoring mission


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they've commissioned a third satellite


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for the Copernicus anthropogenic carbon


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dioxide monitoring Mission which will


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accelerate Global coverage of carbon


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dioxide and methane emissions


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measurements from human


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activities the conference also saw the


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signing of 19 satellite data agreements


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strengthening Europe's Earth observation


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capabilities these Partnerships involve


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both established industry players and


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emerging space companies all


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contributing to the Copernicus space


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data ecosystem perhaps most excitingly


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Europe is preparing for a return to


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Venus the European space agency has


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awarded thalis alenia space the contract


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to build the Invision spacecraft which


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will conduct unprecedented


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investigations of Venus's surface


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interior and atmosphere this Mission


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builds upon the discoveries of Venus


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Express and Promises to reveal new


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insights about our mysterious neighbor


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additionally the esa has taken steps to


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ensure rapid access to space for


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European Innovations through a series of


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contracts with small satellite makers


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these agreements part of the inorbit


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demonstration and validation program


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will help excelerate the testing and


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deployment of new space Technologies


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maintaining Europe's Competitive Edge in


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the global space


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sector in breaking news from the


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aviation World boom supersonic has


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achieved a historic Milestone today at


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the Mojave air and space port in


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California their xb1 test aircraft


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became the first civil aircraft to break


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the sound barrier over Continental


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United States marking a significant step


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toward the return of commercial


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supersonic


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flight Chief test pilot Tristan


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brandenberg known by his call sign


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jepetto piloted the aircraft to an


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altitude of 35,000 ft where it achieved


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this remarkable feet just 11.5 minutes


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into its flight the xb1 went on to break


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the sound barrier two more times during


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the 30-minute test flight allowing


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Pilots to thoroughly evaluate the


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aircraft supersonic handling


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characteristics


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what makes this achievement particularly


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noteworthy is that it represents the


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first step toward bringing supersonic


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passenger travel back to civilian


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Aviation since the retirement of the


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Concord in 2003 the xb1 is serving as a


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technology demonstrator for boom's


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ambitious Overture passenger aircraft


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which aims to carry between 64 to 80


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passengers at supersonic speeds the test


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flight was monitored by two Chase planes


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a dult mirage F1 fighter jet and a


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Northrup t38 Talon


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in a modern twist the entire event was


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live streamed using spacex's starlink


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satellite constellation providing


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unprecedented real-time coverage of this


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Aviation


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Milestone the success of today's flight


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brings boom supersonic closer to their


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goal of revolutionizing air travel the


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company already has over 100 orders for


00:11:19.560 --> 00:11:21.269
their planned Overture airliner from


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major carriers worldwide if successful


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these aircraft could potentially cut


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current flight times in half ushering in


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a new era of faster than sound


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commercial


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Aviation finally today in concerning


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news from the astronomical Community


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scientists have identified a newly


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discovered asteroid that poses a


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potentially serious threat to Earth


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designated as asteroid 2024


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yr4 this space Rock has been calculated


00:11:46.880 --> 00:11:49.190
to have a 1 in 83 chance of colliding


00:11:49.200 --> 00:11:52.030
with our planet in December 2032 the


00:11:52.040 --> 00:11:55.590
asteroid measuring approximately 196 ft


00:11:55.600 --> 00:11:57.590
across about half the length of a


00:11:57.600 --> 00:11:59.790
football field is currently traveling


00:11:59.800 --> 00:12:03.069
through space some 27 million miles from


00:12:03.079 --> 00:12:05.509
Earth while that might sound like a safe


00:12:05.519 --> 00:12:07.629
distance astronomers are closely


00:12:07.639 --> 00:12:09.910
monitoring its trajectory as it's


00:12:09.920 --> 00:12:11.670
expected to make an extremely close


00:12:11.680 --> 00:12:14.030
approach to our planet passing within


00:12:14.040 --> 00:12:17.470
just 66,000 miles of Earth's surface


00:12:17.480 --> 00:12:19.310
this potential impact risk has caught


00:12:19.320 --> 00:12:21.189
the attention of both NASA's Center of


00:12:21.199 --> 00:12:24.030
Neo studies and the European Space


00:12:24.040 --> 00:12:26.670
Agency with the asteroid now topping


00:12:26.680 --> 00:12:29.629
both organizations impact risk lists


00:12:29.639 --> 00:12:31.269
according to Catalina Sky survey


00:12:31.279 --> 00:12:33.710
engineer David Rankin this represents


00:12:33.720 --> 00:12:35.389
one of the highest probabilities of


00:12:35.399 --> 00:12:37.590
impact ever recorded for an asteroid of


00:12:37.600 --> 00:12:39.949
significant size if it were to strike


00:12:39.959 --> 00:12:42.030
Earth the asteroid could cause


00:12:42.040 --> 00:12:44.509
substantial damage experts compare it to


00:12:44.519 --> 00:12:48.110
the 198 tunguska event in Russia which


00:12:48.120 --> 00:12:51.470
flattened 80 million trees across 830


00:12:51.480 --> 00:12:53.710
square miles when a similar sized


00:12:53.720 --> 00:12:56.509
asteroid exploded in the atmosphere the


00:12:56.519 --> 00:12:58.350
current risk Corridor for potential


00:12:58.360 --> 00:13:00.870
impact runs from South America across


00:13:00.880 --> 00:13:02.550
the Atlantic to South


00:13:02.560 --> 00:13:05.389
Africa however astronomers emphasize


00:13:05.399 --> 00:13:07.870
that there's no need for immediate Panic


00:13:07.880 --> 00:13:10.230
the asteroid's orbit is still uncertain


00:13:10.240 --> 00:13:12.069
and more observations are needed to


00:13:12.079 --> 00:13:14.509
better understand its trajectory


00:13:14.519 --> 00:13:16.310
scientists will have another opportunity


00:13:16.320 --> 00:13:19.150
to study the object more closely in 2028


00:13:19.160 --> 00:13:21.269
when it makes a less risky approach


00:13:21.279 --> 00:13:24.150
passing about 5 million miles from Earth


00:13:24.160 --> 00:13:25.870
this encounter should provide crucial


00:13:25.880 --> 00:13:28.470
data about its size composition and


00:13:28.480 --> 00:13:30.750
precise or orbital path helping to


00:13:30.760 --> 00:13:34.110
better assess the actual risk it


00:13:34.120 --> 00:13:36.389
poses and that's all for today's episode


00:13:36.399 --> 00:13:38.870
of astronomy daily I'm Anna and it's


00:13:38.880 --> 00:13:40.509
been my pleasure bringing you the latest


00:13:40.519 --> 00:13:42.910
developments in space and astronomy news


00:13:42.920 --> 00:13:44.710
from a potential rescue mission to


00:13:44.720 --> 00:13:46.509
record-breaking volcanic activity on


00:13:46.519 --> 00:13:49.069
Jupiter's moon IO to potential asteroid


00:13:49.079 --> 00:13:51.030
threats it's been another fascinating


00:13:51.040 --> 00:13:52.269
day in space


00:13:52.279 --> 00:13:54.230
exploration if you'd like to stay up to


00:13:54.240 --> 00:13:55.629
date with all the latest space and


00:13:55.639 --> 00:13:57.990
astronomy news head over to astronomy


00:13:58.000 --> 00:14:00.590
daily. where you can sign up for our


00:14:00.600 --> 00:14:02.550
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00:14:02.560 --> 00:14:05.030
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00:14:05.040 --> 00:14:06.870
you're there you can also catch up on


00:14:06.880 --> 00:14:08.870
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00:14:18.800 --> 00:14:20.509
for listening and remember to keep


00:14:20.519 --> 00:14:22.509
looking up there's always something


00:14:22.519 --> 00:14:24.590
amazing happening in our universe see


00:14:24.600 --> 00:14:35.389
you tomorrow


00:14:35.399 --> 00:14:38.940
told the St


00:14:38.950 --> 00:14:46.549
[Music]