Unraveling the Universe: A Planet in Peril, Webb’s Breakthroughs, and UFO Origins

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hello and welcome to Astronomy Daily i'm


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your host Anna and I'm thrilled to bring


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you today's exciting journey through the


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cosmos we've got an absolutely


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fascinating lineup of stories for you


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today we'll explore a doomed planet


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that's literally shedding mountains of


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material with each orbit learn how the


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James Web Space Telescope may have


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finally discovered a missing super


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massive black hole and dive into Web's


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crucial role in our search for life


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beyond Earth we'll also take a look at


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China's latest space station mission


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with its new threeperson crew and travel


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back in time to explore the origins of


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the UFO craze that captivated America's


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imagination in the late


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1940s so buckle up for a stellar journey


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through the latest and most intriguing


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developments in space and astronomy


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let's get started


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in a remarkable discovery that offers a


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rare glimpse of cosmic destruction


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astronomers have found a planet that is


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literally falling apart before our eyes


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located about 140 light years from Earth


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in the Pegasus constellation this doomed


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world named BD


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plus054,868 is experiencing what can


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only be described as a catastrophic


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demise this ill- fated planet whips


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around its star once every 30.5 hours an


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orbit so perilously close that its


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surface is being scorched to


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temperatures approaching 3,000° F at


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this extreme heat the planet's surface


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is turning into magma and actively


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vaporizing into space what's truly


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astonishing is the scale of this


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destruction with each blistering orbit


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BD plus


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054,868AB sheds as much mass of molten


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rock as an entire Mount Everest behind


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it trails a gargantuan tale of debris


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stretching up to 9 million km roughly


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half the planet's entire orbital path


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mark Han a posttock at MIT's Cavali


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Institute described it as an epic


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disintegration unfolding in real time


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while scientists have identified over


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6,000 exoplanets this is only the fourth


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known disintegrating world ever


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discovered what makes BD plus


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054,868AB special is that it boasts the


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longest debris tail of them all


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suggesting its evaporation is


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particularly


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catastrophic despite its ongoing


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destruction don't expect this cosmic


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demolition to end anytime soon


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researchers estimate it might take


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between 1 to 2 million years for the


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entire planet to fully disintegrate as


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Aish Borer from the test science office


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put it we got lucky with catching it


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exactly when it's really going away it's


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like on its last breath the discovery


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was actually a fortunate accident the


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planet was spotted using NASA's


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transiting exoplanet survey satellite or


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TESS which scans for periodic dips in


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starlight caused by orbiting planets the


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team wasn't specifically hunting for


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disintegrating worlds but BD


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plus054,868AB's unusual transit signal


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caught their attention the stars


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brightness took much longer than normal


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to return to baseline and the depth of


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the dimming changed with every


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transit this doomed planet's misfortune


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is a scientific gold mine its relatively


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small size somewhere between our moon


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and Mercury means its gravity is too


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weak to hold onto its mass once it


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starts evaporating creating a runaway


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process that continuously worsens the


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James Web Space Telescope will observe


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the planet this northern summer offering


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scientists a unique opportunity to


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directly measure the interior


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composition of a rocky planet as the


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planet's material streams away in its


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massive tail JWST can analyze the


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chemical makeup of what was once buried


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deep within this world potentially


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revealing new insights about the


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diversity and habitability of


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terrestrial planets throughout our


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galaxy and in more JWST news has the


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James Webb Space Telescope finally


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solved one of astronomy's most puzzling


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mysteries for years scientists have been


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perplexed by the apparent absence of a


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super massive black hole at the heart of


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the southern pin wheelel galaxy more


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formerly known as Messier 83 or M83


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conventional wisdom holds that every


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large galaxy should harbor a


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monstersized black hole at its center


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these cosmic giants with masses millions


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or billions of times that of our sun are


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typically easy to spot when they're


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actively feeding as they consume


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surrounding matter they create


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brilliantly glowing regions called


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active galactic nuclei or AGNs that can


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outshine entire galaxies yet despite


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numerous searches no such cosmic


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behemoth had been detected in M83 a


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spiral galaxy located approximately 15


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million lightyear from Earth this


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absence presented astronomers with a


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conundrum was the black hole dormant and


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therefore invisible or was it perhaps


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hidden behind a thick veil of cosmic


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dust now thanks to the unparalleled


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sensitivity and resolution of the James


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Webb Space Telescope we may have our


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answer the smoking gun came in the form


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of clumps of highly ionized gas detected


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at the galaxy's center as Sya Hernandez


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the team leader and European Space


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Agency scientist at the Space Telescope


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Science Institute explained "Our


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discovery of highly ionized neon


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emission in the nucleus of M83 was


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unexpected


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these signatures require large amounts


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of energy to be produced more than what


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normal stars can


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generate this excess energy strongly


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suggests the presence of an AGN the


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telltale sign of a feeding super massive


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black hole that has somehow remained


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hidden from view until now even the


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explosive deaths of massive stars and


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supernovas couldn't provide enough


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energy to create this distinctive


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ionized neon signature what makes this


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discovery particularly significant is


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that it challenges previous astronomical


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assumptions linda Smith of the Space


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Telescope Science Institute noted "For


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years astronomers have searched for a


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black hole in M83 without success now we


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finally have a compelling clue that


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suggests one may be present." While this


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evidence is compelling scientists aren't


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closing the case just yet the team still


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needs to rule out other potential


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explanations such as shock waves


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traveling through the interstellar


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medium they'll be following up with


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additional observations using the Hubble


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Space Telescope the Adakama Large Millm


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Submillm array and the Very Large


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Telescope regardless of the final


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verdict this research demonstrates the


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revolutionary capabilities of the James


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Web Space Telescope in uncovering cosmic


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secrets that have eluded astronomers for


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decades as Smith aptly put it this


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discovery showcases how the JWST is


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making unexpected breakthroughs


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astronomers thought they had ruled out


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an AGN in M83 but now we have fresh


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evidence that challenges past


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assumptions and opens new avenues for


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exploration next even more from the JWST


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the James Webb Space Telescope is not


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only revealing hidden black holes but


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also revolutionizing our search for life


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beyond Earth with its unprecedented


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infrared sensitivity and resolution web


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is peering at rocky potentially


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habitable exoplanets with more detail


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than ever before possible what makes web


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particularly groundbreaking is its


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ability to detect whether these distant


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worlds have atmospheres and crucially to


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analyze their chemical composition these


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atmospheric studies could reveal


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tantalizing clues about habitability and


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potential bio signatures gases that


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might indicate the presence of life


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however finding conclusive evidence of


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life presents enormous challenges


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detecting bio signatures requires


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potentially hundreds of hours of


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observing time for a single planet even


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then the results may not be definitive


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due to the natural evolution of both


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stars and planetary atmospheres over


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time and the exoplanets web can


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currently study orbit stars that may be


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relatively inhospitable compared to our


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sun nasa scientists emphasized that


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discovering life elsewhere would be a


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process not a single Eureka moment the


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detection of a potential bio signature


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would need to be followed by extensive


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studies multiple lines of converging


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evidence and the careful elimination of


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false positives possibly requiring data


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from several different missions and


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sophisticated atmospheric modeling one


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of the most intriguing frontiers in web


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search is the study of what scientists


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call highen planets these theoretical


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worlds larger than Earth could


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potentially support life with their


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relatively thin hydrogen-rich


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atmospheres and substantial liquid water


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ocean K218b are helping researchers


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investigate whether it might be such a


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world the concept of highen planets is


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very new and scientists are still


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exploring what kinds of potential bio


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signatures might exist in these


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environments web's rich spectral data is


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rapidly advancing our understanding as


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this field evolves while web wasn't


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specifically designed as a life hunting


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telescope its remarkable performance has


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made it the first observatory capable of


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characterizing the atmospheres of


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promising small planets orbiting cooler


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stars these pioneering observations are


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building the scientific and technical


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foundation for future missions like


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NASA's planned habitable worlds


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observatory which will specifically


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target Earthlike planets around sunlike


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stars when it launches in the coming


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decades next up China has just announced


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the crew members for its Shenzh 20


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mission which will launch three


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astronauts to the Chinese space station


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for a six-month stay the mission


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continues China's ambitious and rapidly


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expanding presence in space the


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threeperson crew consists of Chen Dong


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Chen Jong Rui and Wongja chen Dong who


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will serve as the mission commander is a


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veteran astronaut making his third trip


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to space having previously served on the


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Shenzh 11 and Shenho 14 missions during


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his time on Shenzhou 14 he played a key


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role in the construction of China's


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space station


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at a press conference Chen expressed his


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feelings about returning to orbit i feel


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incomparable pride and accomplishment to


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go to space for my country again each


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journey to space is unparalleled i'm


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looking forward to gaining more


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experience and more breakthroughs


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through this flight his two crew mates


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are both firsttime space travelers chen


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Jongu was previously an Air Force pilot


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while Wang comes to the mission as an


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engineer with the China Aerospace


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Science and Technology Corporation the


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Shenzhou 20 crew will launch from Jukuan


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located on the edge of the Gobi Desert


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in northwestern China once in space


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they'll replace the current crew who


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have been aboard the station for 175


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days and are scheduled to return to


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Earth on April 29th during their


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half-year mission the astronauts will


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conduct experiments in space medicine


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and technology perform spacew walks and


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make improvements to the space station


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this continues China's methodical


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approach to establishing a permanent


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presence in orbit china's independent


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space station became necessary after the


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country was excluded from participating


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in the International Space Station due


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to US national security concerns over


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the military's involvement in China's


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space program this isolation has not


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slowed China's progress however in


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recent years the Chinese space program


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has achieved several major milestones


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including landing an explorer on Mars


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and sending a rover to the far side of


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the moon accomplishments only previously


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achieved by the United States looking


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ahead China has set an ambitious goal to


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put astronauts on the lunar surface


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before 2030 adding a new dimension to


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humanity's return to the moon after


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decades of


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absence finally today something a little


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different while we often think of the


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space age beginning with Sputnik's


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launch in


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1957 the space age of the imagination


00:11:55.760 --> 00:11:59.710
started a decade earlier on June 24th


00:11:59.720 --> 00:12:02.389
1947 that's when private pilot Kenneth


00:12:02.399 --> 00:12:04.550
Arnold while searching for a downed


00:12:04.560 --> 00:12:06.550
plane near Mount Reineer in Washington


00:12:06.560 --> 00:12:09.430
State spotted nine disc-like objects


00:12:09.440 --> 00:12:13.590
flying at an estimated 1,700 mph twice


00:12:13.600 --> 00:12:16.870
the speed of any jet at that time arnold


00:12:16.880 --> 00:12:18.870
described their movement as being like a


00:12:18.880 --> 00:12:20.550
saucer would if you skipped it across


00:12:20.560 --> 00:12:23.110
the water though he actually compared


00:12:23.120 --> 00:12:25.350
their shape to pie plates newspapers


00:12:25.360 --> 00:12:27.750
latched on to the saucer analogy and the


00:12:27.760 --> 00:12:31.269
term flying saucers was born the


00:12:31.279 --> 00:12:32.870
Associated Press spread the story


00:12:32.880 --> 00:12:35.509
nationwide and within weeks dozens of


00:12:35.519 --> 00:12:37.269
similar sightings were reported across


00:12:37.279 --> 00:12:39.670
America the Army Air Force began


00:12:39.680 --> 00:12:41.710
receiving numerous reports but


00:12:41.720 --> 00:12:43.990
interestingly one notable sighting was


00:12:44.000 --> 00:12:46.310
instead reported to Raymond Palmer


00:12:46.320 --> 00:12:48.389
editor of the science fiction magazine


00:12:48.399 --> 00:12:51.430
Amazing Stories palmer had already been


00:12:51.440 --> 00:12:53.350
blurring the lines between fiction and


00:12:53.360 --> 00:12:55.590
alleged fact through his publication of


00:12:55.600 --> 00:12:58.230
the Shaver Mystery a series of stories


00:12:58.240 --> 00:12:59.990
claiming the existence of malevolent


00:13:00.000 --> 00:13:01.829
subterranean beings affecting life on


00:13:01.839 --> 00:13:05.750
Earth's surface by 1948 the newly formed


00:13:05.760 --> 00:13:07.750
US Air Force had established Project


00:13:07.760 --> 00:13:09.430
Sign to investigate these mysterious


00:13:09.440 --> 00:13:11.670
objects when this yielded inconclusive


00:13:11.680 --> 00:13:13.590
results it was replaced by Project


00:13:13.600 --> 00:13:16.550
Grudge in 1949 which seemed more focused


00:13:16.560 --> 00:13:18.069
on explaining away sightings than


00:13:18.079 --> 00:13:20.470
investigating them the military's


00:13:20.480 --> 00:13:22.870
attempts to offer mundane explanations


00:13:22.880 --> 00:13:24.870
including the infamous claim that pilot


00:13:24.880 --> 00:13:27.110
Thomas Mantel had crashed while pursuing


00:13:27.120 --> 00:13:29.750
Venus rather than the actual classified


00:13:29.760 --> 00:13:32.590
Skyhook balloon only intensified public


00:13:32.600 --> 00:13:35.110
skepticism into this information Void


00:13:35.120 --> 00:13:36.710
stepped numerous publications and


00:13:36.720 --> 00:13:39.190
civilian research groups palmer launched


00:13:39.200 --> 00:13:41.509
Fate magazine featuring Kenneth Arnold's


00:13:41.519 --> 00:13:43.829
firsthand account writer Donald Kho


00:13:43.839 --> 00:13:46.269
published Flying Saucers Are Real in


00:13:46.279 --> 00:13:48.870
1950 popularizing what would later be


00:13:48.880 --> 00:13:51.829
called the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis


00:13:51.839 --> 00:13:54.230
while suggesting government coverups


00:13:54.240 --> 00:13:56.470
establishing two enduring narratives in


00:13:56.480 --> 00:14:00.790
UFO lore by 1952 when Project Blue Book


00:14:00.800 --> 00:14:03.030
replaced Grudge the government had lost


00:14:03.040 --> 00:14:05.590
control of the narrative civilian saucer


00:14:05.600 --> 00:14:07.670
research clubs formed including the


00:14:07.680 --> 00:14:09.670
International Flying Saucer Bureau and


00:14:09.680 --> 00:14:11.310
the Aerial Phenomena Research


00:14:11.320 --> 00:14:13.710
Organization the military's mixed


00:14:13.720 --> 00:14:16.470
messaging rational explanations for some


00:14:16.480 --> 00:14:19.069
sightings dishonest ones for classified


00:14:19.079 --> 00:14:21.670
aircraft and silence where they had no


00:14:21.680 --> 00:14:24.550
answers had eroded public trust and


00:14:24.560 --> 00:14:26.629
created fertile ground for speculation


00:14:26.639 --> 00:14:29.189
about visitors from other worlds and


00:14:29.199 --> 00:14:30.870
that's a quick summary of how it all


00:14:30.880 --> 00:14:32.949
started


00:14:32.959 --> 00:14:34.790
and that brings us to the end of today's


00:14:34.800 --> 00:14:37.670
cosmic journey what an incredible range


00:14:37.680 --> 00:14:39.910
of stories we've explored from a doomed


00:14:39.920 --> 00:14:41.590
planet shedding Mount Everestsized


00:14:41.600 --> 00:14:43.910
chunks with each orbit around its star


00:14:43.920 --> 00:14:46.069
to the web telescope potentially solving


00:14:46.079 --> 00:14:48.949
the mystery of M83's missing black hole


00:14:48.959 --> 00:14:50.790
to China's latest space station crew


00:14:50.800 --> 00:14:53.269
launch we've seen how web is


00:14:53.279 --> 00:14:54.949
revolutionizing our search for life


00:14:54.959 --> 00:14:57.110
beyond Earth while also learning about


00:14:57.120 --> 00:14:59.269
the fascinating origins of our cultural


00:14:59.279 --> 00:15:02.470
obsession with UFOs and flying saucers


00:15:02.480 --> 00:15:04.629
the universe continues to surprise


00:15:04.639 --> 00:15:06.829
challenge and inspire us with each new


00:15:06.839 --> 00:15:09.189
discovery i'm Anna and I've been your


00:15:09.199 --> 00:15:11.750
host on Astronomy Daily if you're hungry


00:15:11.760 --> 00:15:14.310
for more space and astronomy news visit


00:15:14.320 --> 00:15:17.030
our website at astronomydaily.io io


00:15:17.040 --> 00:15:18.710
where you'll find our constantly


00:15:18.720 --> 00:15:21.030
updating news feed with all the latest


00:15:21.040 --> 00:15:23.189
discoveries and developments plus all


00:15:23.199 --> 00:15:25.590
our back episodes you can also connect


00:15:25.600 --> 00:15:27.910
with us across social media just search


00:15:27.920 --> 00:15:30.629
for Astro Daily Pod on Facebook X


00:15:30.639 --> 00:15:33.590
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00:15:33.600 --> 00:15:36.310
and Tik Tok until next time keep looking


00:15:36.320 --> 00:15:47.990
up


00:15:48.000 --> 00:15:50.290
stories told


00:15:50.300 --> 00:15:57.900
[Music]