Superflare Warnings, Binary Stars at the Galactic Core, and Lucy’s Close Earth Flyby: S27E156

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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this is spacetime series 27 episode 156


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for broadcast on the 27th of December


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2024 coming up on SpaceTime a new study


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warns the threat of super flares from


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the Sun could be as high as one per


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Century the first ever binary star


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system found near our Galaxy's Central


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super massive black hole and NASA's locy


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spacecraft swoops down low past the


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Earth all that and more coming up on


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SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with


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Stuart


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[Music]




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Gary new observations suggest that our


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sun may be far more violent than


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previously thought and may be capable of


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erupting massive super flares able to


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engulf the Earth the findings are based


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on evidence showing other sunlike stars


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regularly hurl huge amounts of radiation


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into space at a rate of at least once


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per Century now there's no question that


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our sun can be a temperamental Star as


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this year's unusually strong solar


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storms have already proven some of which


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led to remarkable auroral activity at


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lower latitudes but can our local star


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become even more Furious evidence of the


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most violent solar Tantrums can be found


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in prehistoric tree trunk rings and in


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samples of millennial old glacial ice


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however from these indirect sources the


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exact frequency of superf flares can't


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be determined and direct measurements of


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the amount of radiation reaching the


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earth from the sun has only been


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available since the beginning of the


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Space Age modern space telescopes


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observe thousands upon thousands of


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stars and record their brightness


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fluctuations invisible light superf


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flares which release amounts of energy


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of more than an ocan Jewels or within a


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short space of time show themselves in


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the observational data as short


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pronounced peaks in brightness in the


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current study astronomers analyzed the


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data from


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56450 sunlike stars as seen by NASA's


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Kepler space telescope between 2009 and


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2013 now scientists only focused on


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stars with surface temperatures and


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brightnesses similar to that of our sun


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still they identifi


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2,889 superf flares on


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2527 of The


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56450 observed stars now when you crunch


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the numbers that means that on a one


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sunlike star produces a super flare


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approximately once per Century the


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study's lead author valer vasilia from


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the max plank Institute says his team


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was surprised that sunlike stars were so


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prone to such frequent super flares see


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earlier servers by other groups had


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found average intervals of a thousand or


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even 10,000 years but the thing is these


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earlier studies weren't able to


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determine the exact source of the flare


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and therefore they had to limit


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themselves to stars that didn't have any


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nearby Neighbors in the telescope image


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and that's where the current study comes


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in it's the most precise and sensitive


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to date when it especially high flux of


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energetic particles from the Sun reaches


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the Earth's atmosphere it produces a


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detectable amount of radioactive atoms


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such as the radioactive isotope carbon


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14 and these atoms are then deposited in


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natural archives such as tree rings and


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glacial ice so a sudden influx of high


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energy solar particles can be deduced by


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simply measuring the amount of carbon 14


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in a given area and this has allowed


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researchers to identify five extreme


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solar particle events and three


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candidates within the past 12,000 years


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of the hollene leading to an average


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occurrence rate of once every 1500 years


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with the most violent believed to have


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occurred around the year


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775 however it's quite possible that


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many more such violent particle events


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and also more Super flares would have


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occurred on the sun in the


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past it's unclear whether gigantic solar


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flares are always by coronal mass


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ejections nor is it clear what the


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relationship between super flares and


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extreme solar particle events is and


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this new study doesn't reveal when or if


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the sun will throw out another fit


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however the results to urge caution the


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new data is a stark reminder that even


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the most extreme solar events imaginable


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are all part of the sun's natural


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repertoire for example during the famous


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Carrington event of 1859 one of the most


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violent solar storms in the past 200


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years t graph networks collapsed across


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large parts of Europe and North America


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now according to our best estimates the


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associated flares released only 100th


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the energy of a potential super flare so


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we may well have something to look


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forward to this is spacetime still to


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come the first ever binary star found


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near the super massive black hole at the


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center of our galaxy and nessa's Lucy


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spacecraft swoops just a few hundred


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kilm above the Earth on its way to


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Jupiter all that and more still to come


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on


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[Music]


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SpaceTime astronomers have for the first


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time ever detected a binary star system


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orbiting close to Sagittarius A star the


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super massive black hole at the center


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of our galaxy The Discovery reported in


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the journal Nature communication s was


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based on data collected by the European


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Southern observatory's very large


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telescope in Chile the find will help


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astronomers better understand how Stars


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can survive in environments of extreme


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gravity and could pave the way for the


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detection of planets orbiting close to


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Sagittarius A star located 27,000 light


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years away Sagittarius A star is the


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center point around which our entire


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Milky Way galaxy revolves and contains


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some 4.3 million times the mass of house


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Sun the study's lead author floran fisa


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from the University of cologne says


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binary stars that is pairs of stars


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oring each other are very common


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throughout the Universe but they've


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never before been found so near a super


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massive black hole where intense gravity


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can make Stella a systems unstable this


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new discovery therefore shows that some


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binaries can briefly Thrive even under


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destructive conditions you could say


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that D9 as the newly discovered binary


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systems been called was detected just in


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time as its estimates to only be 2.7


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million years old and the strong


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gravitational forces of the nearby black


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hole will probably cause it to merge


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into a single star within just a million


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years or so now that might sound like a


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long time but when looking at the edge


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of the universe it's just the blink of


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an eye importantly it provides a brief


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window on Cosmic time scales to observe


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such a binary system now for many years


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scientist also thought that extreme


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environments near a super massive black


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hole would have prevented new stars from


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forming there but several young Stars


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found in close proximity to Sagittarius


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AAR have now disproved this assumption


00:07:06.479 --> 00:07:08.869
and the discovery of a young binary star


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system shows that even Stellar peirs


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have the potential to form in these


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harsh conditions the D9 system shows


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clear signs of the presence of gas and


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dust around the stars that suggest that


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it could be a very young Stellar system


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the newly discovered binary was found in


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a dense cluster of stars and other


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objects orbiting Sagittarius A star


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known as the s-cluster


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most enigmatic in the cluster are the G


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objects which behave like stars but look


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more like clouds of gas and dust it was


00:07:37.120 --> 00:07:38.510
during their observations of these


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mysterious objects the team found a


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surprising pattern in D9 the data


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obtained with the vt's erors instrument


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combined with archival data from the


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synony instrument revealed recurring


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variations in the velocity of the star


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indicating that D9 was actually two


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stars orbiting each other the results


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are shedding new light on what the


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mysterious G objects could be


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the authors proposed that they might


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actually be a combination of binary


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stars that have not yet merged and the


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leftover material from already merg


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stars but the precise nature of many of


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the objects orbiting Sagittarius A star


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as well as exactly how they could have


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formed so close to a super massive black


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hole remains a mystery this SpaceTime


00:08:21.159 --> 00:08:23.589
still to come NASA's Lucy spacecraft


00:08:23.599 --> 00:08:25.510
swoops close to the Earth and later in


00:08:25.520 --> 00:08:27.629
the science report more evidence they're


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drinking a small to moderate amount of


00:08:29.560 --> 00:08:32.110
wine could help W of heart disease all


00:08:32.120 --> 00:08:34.960
that and more still to come on


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[Music]




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SpaceTime NASA's Lucy spacecraft has


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successfully undertaken its second close


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flyby of the Earth as it continues to


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build up speed on its journey to study


00:08:57.600 --> 00:09:00.710
Jupiter Trojan asteroids the spacecraft


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swooped down just 360 km above


00:09:03.240 --> 00:09:05.269
Australia's East Coast as it gained a


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gravity assist to change its course and


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fling it out towards its next Target


00:09:09.440 --> 00:09:11.269
through the main asteroid built and out


00:09:11.279 --> 00:09:13.509
towards the neverbe explored Jovian


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Trojan asteroids its close encounter


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with the Earth increased its speed with


00:09:18.320 --> 00:09:22.110
respect to the Sun by more than 7.31


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km/s the Jovian Trojans are two small


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bundles of ancient asteroids which are


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caught in a gravity well in Jupiter's


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orbit


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the first group of Trojans travels 60°


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ahead of Jupiter in its orbit around the


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sun while the second group travels 60°


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behind the gas GI these are known as the


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L grangian L4 and L5 positions areas


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with a gravitational tug of war of


00:09:45.720 --> 00:09:47.910
primary and secondary objects allows a


00:09:47.920 --> 00:09:49.790
body to remain in that position for an


00:09:49.800 --> 00:09:52.509
extended period of time the second Earth


00:09:52.519 --> 00:09:54.670
gravity assist occurred 3 years into


00:09:54.680 --> 00:09:57.790
Lucy's 12year Voyage the first gravity


00:09:57.800 --> 00:10:00.430
assist was back in October 20 22 just a


00:10:00.440 --> 00:10:02.870
year after its launch that boosted the


00:10:02.880 --> 00:10:04.389
spacecraft from an initial one-year


00:10:04.399 --> 00:10:06.190
orbit around the Sun to its present


00:10:06.200 --> 00:10:08.470
2-year orbit allowing it to reach the


00:10:08.480 --> 00:10:10.990
inner limits of the main asteroid belt


00:10:11.000 --> 00:10:13.230
and this enabled Lucy's first asteroid


00:10:13.240 --> 00:10:15.190
encounter with a small asteroid dinking


00:10:15.200 --> 00:10:18.710
ish and its tiny satellite Moon Salim


00:10:18.720 --> 00:10:20.470
this month's latest gravity assist


00:10:20.480 --> 00:10:22.550
boosted the spacecraft into a six-year


00:10:22.560 --> 00:10:24.550
orbit one that will carry Lucy through


00:10:24.560 --> 00:10:26.389
the main asteroid buildt or it will fly


00:10:26.399 --> 00:10:28.230
past the asteroid dundle Johansson on


00:10:28.240 --> 00:10:30.910
April the 20th 20 2 and then into the


00:10:30.920 --> 00:10:33.389
Trojan asteroid swarm that leads Jupiter


00:10:33.399 --> 00:10:35.230
in its orbit for the first Trojan


00:10:35.240 --> 00:10:37.150
asteroid encounter in


00:10:37.160 --> 00:10:40.670
2027 this report from NASA


00:10:40.680 --> 00:10:43.910
TV NASA's Lucy mission is heading to the


00:10:43.920 --> 00:10:46.910
Jupiter Trojans two swarms of asteroids


00:10:46.920 --> 00:10:49.030
trapped in Jupiter's orbit when it


00:10:49.040 --> 00:10:50.670
arrives it will provide the first


00:10:50.680 --> 00:10:53.069
close-up look at these primitive objects


00:10:53.079 --> 00:10:55.030
thought to be fossils from the dawn of


00:10:55.040 --> 00:10:57.829
the solar system but to get there Lucy


00:10:57.839 --> 00:10:59.420
needs a Little Help from the


00:10:59.430 --> 00:11:04.230
[Music]


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Earth after launching on October 16th


00:11:07.480 --> 00:11:10.590
2021 Lucy returned home exactly one year


00:11:10.600 --> 00:11:12.430
later for the first of three Earth


00:11:12.440 --> 00:11:14.949
gravity assists stealing an undetectably


00:11:14.959 --> 00:11:17.230
small amount of Earth's orbital energy


00:11:17.240 --> 00:11:18.590
to boost the


00:11:18.600 --> 00:11:21.230
spacecraft this allowed Lucy to skim the


00:11:21.240 --> 00:11:23.269
inner edge of the main asteroid belt


00:11:23.279 --> 00:11:26.829
between Mars and Jupiter on November 1st


00:11:26.839 --> 00:11:30.030
2023 it flew by asteroid dink NES and


00:11:30.040 --> 00:11:33.310
discovered a small moon on December 12th


00:11:33.320 --> 00:11:36.110
at 1:20 p.m. eastern time it crossed the


00:11:36.120 --> 00:11:37.790
moon's orbit from the direction of the


00:11:37.800 --> 00:11:39.949
sun greeted by a brilliant view of


00:11:39.959 --> 00:11:43.069
Australia and the Pacific Ocean in the


00:11:43.079 --> 00:11:45.750
hour before closest approach Lucy skims


00:11:45.760 --> 00:11:47.470
through Earth's upper atmosphere


00:11:47.480 --> 00:11:50.629
traveling over 9 m per second bidding


00:11:50.639 --> 00:11:52.870
farewell to home until its third and


00:11:52.880 --> 00:11:56.790
final gravity assist in December


00:11:56.800 --> 00:12:00.110
2030 the 2024 encounter boost Lucy's


00:12:00.120 --> 00:12:03.590
velocity by 4 1/2 m/ second relative to


00:12:03.600 --> 00:12:06.190
the sun putting it on course for The L4


00:12:06.200 --> 00:12:08.990
Trojans that travel ahead of Jupiter but


00:12:09.000 --> 00:12:10.990
first Lucy will Traverse the main


00:12:11.000 --> 00:12:13.750
asteroid belt making a flyby of asteroid


00:12:13.760 --> 00:12:18.840
Donald Johansson on April 20th


00:12:18.850 --> 00:12:26.230
[Music]


00:12:26.240 --> 00:12:37.510
2025 this is spacetime


00:12:37.520 --> 00:12:45.069
[Music]


00:12:45.079 --> 00:12:46.710
and time now to take another brief look


00:12:46.720 --> 00:12:48.269
at some of the other stories making us


00:12:48.279 --> 00:12:50.509
in science this week with a science


00:12:50.519 --> 00:12:53.470
report a new study has shown that in


00:12:53.480 --> 00:12:56.189
2023 sea ice levels in the oceans


00:12:56.199 --> 00:12:58.590
surrounding Antarctica reach new record


00:12:58.600 --> 00:13:01.910
lows Falling by as much as 80% in some


00:13:01.920 --> 00:13:04.110
areas the findings reported in the


00:13:04.120 --> 00:13:06.030
journal Nature suggest that these low


00:13:06.040 --> 00:13:07.670
levels of sea ice change the


00:13:07.680 --> 00:13:09.509
interactions between the oceans and the


00:13:09.519 --> 00:13:11.590
atmosphere increasing the frequency of


00:13:11.600 --> 00:13:14.430
storms the authors say repeated low ice


00:13:14.440 --> 00:13:15.990
cover in subsequent Winters will


00:13:16.000 --> 00:13:17.910
strengthen these impacts and are likely


00:13:17.920 --> 00:13:20.430
to lead to profound changes in Far Away


00:13:20.440 --> 00:13:22.509
places including the tropics and the


00:13:22.519 --> 00:13:24.189
Northern


00:13:24.199 --> 00:13:26.750
Hemisphere a new study warns that men


00:13:26.760 --> 00:13:28.670
with enlarged breast tissue that's not


00:13:28.680 --> 00:13:30.750
caused by by excess weight could be at a


00:13:30.760 --> 00:13:32.629
heightened risk of dying before the age


00:13:32.639 --> 00:13:33.350
of


00:13:33.360 --> 00:13:36.269
75 the study by Danish researchers was


00:13:36.279 --> 00:13:38.670
reported in the British medical journal


00:13:38.680 --> 00:13:40.790
the condition known as G of cosos mestia


00:13:40.800 --> 00:13:43.470
is often caused by a hormone imbalance


00:13:43.480 --> 00:13:46.069
the authors found a 37% increase in the


00:13:46.079 --> 00:13:47.710
risk of death in people who have


00:13:47.720 --> 00:13:49.910
enlarged breast tissue compared to those


00:13:49.920 --> 00:13:51.230
who


00:13:51.240 --> 00:13:53.670
don't well of course it's Christmas and


00:13:53.680 --> 00:13:55.870
the holidays and new year coming up so


00:13:55.880 --> 00:13:57.670
it's time for another study on alcohol


00:13:57.680 --> 00:13:59.749
consumption now ear this year we


00:13:59.759 --> 00:14:01.629
reported a study which specifically


00:14:01.639 --> 00:14:03.990
stated that no amount of alcohol is


00:14:04.000 --> 00:14:06.230
healthy for you and the more alcohol you


00:14:06.240 --> 00:14:08.069
drink the more it's likely to shorten


00:14:08.079 --> 00:14:10.910
your lifespan but now comes a new report


00:14:10.920 --> 00:14:13.030
from the European heart Journal it


00:14:13.040 --> 00:14:14.509
claims to have found evidence that


00:14:14.519 --> 00:14:16.550
drinking a small or moderate amount of


00:14:16.560 --> 00:14:18.670
wine could actually help ward off heart


00:14:18.680 --> 00:14:20.870
disease in people with otherwise healthy


00:14:20.880 --> 00:14:23.509
diets as part of a Spanish study looking


00:14:23.519 --> 00:14:25.470
at the Mediterranean diet in people at a


00:14:25.480 --> 00:14:27.269
high risk of developing heart disease


00:14:27.279 --> 00:14:30.550
researchers asked 1,200 32 participants


00:14:30.560 --> 00:14:32.710
how much wine they drank and they then


00:14:32.720 --> 00:14:34.710
tested the participants urine for a more


00:14:34.720 --> 00:14:37.230
objective measurement following up over


00:14:37.240 --> 00:14:39.189
four to 5 years researchers said that


00:14:39.199 --> 00:14:41.189
those who drank half to one glass of


00:14:41.199 --> 00:14:43.910
wine a day were 50% less likely to have


00:14:43.920 --> 00:14:45.550
a heart problem compared to those who


00:14:45.560 --> 00:14:48.389
rarely or never drank wine however this


00:14:48.399 --> 00:14:50.350
reduced risk disappeared for those who


00:14:50.360 --> 00:14:53.110
drank more than a glass of wine a day


00:14:53.120 --> 00:14:54.629
the authors say that while this study


00:14:54.639 --> 00:14:56.230
was quite specific looking at


00:14:56.240 --> 00:14:57.629
Mediterranean people eating


00:14:57.639 --> 00:14:59.870
Mediterranean diets it does add to


00:14:59.880 --> 00:15:01.350
evidence of the potential health


00:15:01.360 --> 00:15:03.550
benefits of a glass of wine when drunk


00:15:03.560 --> 00:15:04.870
in


00:15:04.880 --> 00:15:07.069
moderation through in now headlines


00:15:07.079 --> 00:15:08.910
being broadcast that believing in the


00:15:08.920 --> 00:15:11.110
likeness monster will make you far less


00:15:11.120 --> 00:15:14.189
stressed than believing in God buts Tim


00:15:14.199 --> 00:15:16.230
menum from a strange Skeptics explains


00:15:16.240 --> 00:15:18.110
it's just another classic case of the


00:15:18.120 --> 00:15:20.389
media misunderstanding the science and


00:15:20.399 --> 00:15:22.310
getting everything the wrong way around


00:15:22.320 --> 00:15:24.350
this is a classic case of a headline


00:15:24.360 --> 00:15:26.509
misunderstanding totally the science


00:15:26.519 --> 00:15:28.150
there was a study that was done by


00:15:28.160 --> 00:15:30.990
Manchester ropan University looking at


00:15:31.000 --> 00:15:33.710
comparing stress with beliefs and what


00:15:33.720 --> 00:15:36.269
they found out using a particular test


00:15:36.279 --> 00:15:37.870
which is wait for called the rash


00:15:37.880 --> 00:15:40.350
purified revised paranormal belief scale


00:15:40.360 --> 00:15:41.910
and this is a revised version or


00:15:41.920 --> 00:15:43.550
purified version of a previous one which


00:15:43.560 --> 00:15:44.949
they thought wasn't very good so what


00:15:44.959 --> 00:15:46.470
they found out was that people with


00:15:46.480 --> 00:15:48.350
stress tended to believe in God and


00:15:48.360 --> 00:15:50.150
religion as opposed to people with less


00:15:50.160 --> 00:15:52.150
stress believe in New Age theories and


00:15:52.160 --> 00:15:53.949
the Paranormal ghosts and that sort of


00:15:53.959 --> 00:15:56.670
stuff the suggestion is that because God


00:15:56.680 --> 00:15:58.470
and religion and that sort of stuff is


00:15:58.480 --> 00:16:00.230
is something we don't have control over


00:16:00.240 --> 00:16:02.150
that it often has a major impact on our


00:16:02.160 --> 00:16:03.790
lives and people get worried about it


00:16:03.800 --> 00:16:05.710
they lack personal control which is


00:16:05.720 --> 00:16:06.870
understandable in a way if if if


00:16:06.880 --> 00:16:08.150
something's going to drop on your head


00:16:08.160 --> 00:16:09.550
you've got no control over it but you're


00:16:09.560 --> 00:16:11.069
worried about it your stress levels are


00:16:11.079 --> 00:16:12.590
going to go up it's the randomness of


00:16:12.600 --> 00:16:14.350
life if you like that that that upsets


00:16:14.360 --> 00:16:16.430
people very much the Lo Ness monster or


00:16:16.440 --> 00:16:18.590
Bigfoot do the same thing well no this


00:16:18.600 --> 00:16:20.509
is this is the weird thing there this


00:16:20.519 --> 00:16:22.150
news report that came out saying that


00:16:22.160 --> 00:16:23.870
believing in the lockness monster will


00:16:23.880 --> 00:16:25.790
make you far less stressed than


00:16:25.800 --> 00:16:27.269
believing in God well that's not the way


00:16:27.279 --> 00:16:29.110
it works totally misunder stand


00:16:29.120 --> 00:16:30.590
correlation and coration because


00:16:30.600 --> 00:16:31.990
basically they saying almost suggesting


00:16:32.000 --> 00:16:33.629
that go ahead and believe in a Lo Ness


00:16:33.639 --> 00:16:35.910
monster and it'll make you feel good no


00:16:35.920 --> 00:16:38.150
the suggestion is that if you have less


00:16:38.160 --> 00:16:39.629
stress you might be more inclined to


00:16:39.639 --> 00:16:41.150
believe in a lockness monster you got


00:16:41.160 --> 00:16:42.829
more time on your hands to think of


00:16:42.839 --> 00:16:44.870
other things haven't you well yes


00:16:44.880 --> 00:16:46.550
perhaps people get things back to front


00:16:46.560 --> 00:16:48.350
the causation and the correlation that


00:16:48.360 --> 00:16:50.790
they mix them up um I saw a story once


00:16:50.800 --> 00:16:53.670
that um kids who smoke will this this a


00:16:53.680 --> 00:16:56.629
true social study story kids who smoke


00:16:56.639 --> 00:16:59.309
will muck up in school no actually it's


00:16:59.319 --> 00:17:00.629
not the smoking that causes it's the


00:17:00.639 --> 00:17:02.269
other way kids who MK up in school tend


00:17:02.279 --> 00:17:03.790
to have smoking people get around the


00:17:03.800 --> 00:17:04.829
wrong way and they actually end up


00:17:04.839 --> 00:17:06.669
making policy on the basis of seeing


00:17:06.679 --> 00:17:08.789
things back to front so you could say


00:17:08.799 --> 00:17:10.029
I'll encourage more people to see the


00:17:10.039 --> 00:17:11.710
lockdown sponsor then they'll feel good


00:17:11.720 --> 00:17:13.909
but no they see the lockdown sponsor


00:17:13.919 --> 00:17:15.789
because they feel good the real issue is


00:17:15.799 --> 00:17:17.230
that people who are stressed tend to


00:17:17.240 --> 00:17:19.230
have more belief in God and religion


00:17:19.240 --> 00:17:21.429
because they worry about Randomness and


00:17:21.439 --> 00:17:23.069
that lends that tends towards them


00:17:23.079 --> 00:17:25.710
towards this random impact philosophy


00:17:25.720 --> 00:17:27.270
whereas lock there and that doesn't


00:17:27.280 --> 00:17:29.029
particularly hurt anybody so people with


00:17:29.039 --> 00:17:30.710
less dress are very happy to accept that


00:17:30.720 --> 00:17:32.350
they apparently spoke with about 3,000


00:17:32.360 --> 00:17:33.430
people I think it what so that's a


00:17:33.440 --> 00:17:35.990
decent size stud sample size yeah yeah


00:17:36.000 --> 00:17:40.750
that's Tim mum from Australian


00:17:40.760 --> 00:17:53.110
[Music]


00:17:53.120 --> 00:17:56.230
Skeptics and that's the show for now


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