Sun-Kissing Parker Probe, Recent Lunar Volcanism, and the Milky Way’s New Map: S27E157

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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this is spacetime series 27 episode 157


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for broadcast on the 30th of December


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2024 coming up on space time NASA's


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Parker solar probe touches the sun new


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Luna samples showed the moon was still


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volcanically active just 2.8 billion


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years ago and a new map unveiling the


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Uncharted Milky Way galaxy all that and


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more coming up on


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SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with


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steuart


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[Music]




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Gary NASA's Parker solar probe has made


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history flying closer to the Sun and


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traveling faster than any other


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spacecraft ever the 685 kg vehicle


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swooped down to within 6.1 million k of


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the Sun in the process reaching speeds


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of more than 692


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kmph and that's fast enough to fly from


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Washington DC to Tokyo in less than a


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minute the probe flew more than seven


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times closer to the Sun than any other


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spacecraft the extreme close perhelion


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flyby exposed Parker heat shield to


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scorching temperatures exceeding 930 de


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celus yet the spacecraft's delicate


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science instrument package protected


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behind the shield remained at a comfor


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comtable 29° C following its close


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encounter with our local star Mission


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managers at John's Hopkins Applied


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Physics laboratory in LEL Maryland and


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at the Godard space flight center in


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Green Belt Maryland received a beacon


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transmission from Parker through NASA's


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deep space communication Center in


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Cambra indicating that it had survived


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the flyby and all spacecraft systems


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were operating normally more detailed


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Communications will have to wait until


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the spacecraft's further away from the


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Sun allowing radio Transmissions to Des


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scent without being scrambled by the


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sun's intense ionizing


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radiation launched back in August 2018 a


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bort Delta 4 heavy from pad 37 at the


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Cape canaval Air Force Space in Florida


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Parker solar probe is on a 7-year


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Mission studying the sun's outer


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atmosphere the Corona and the constant


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stream of charged particles flowing out


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from the Sun in the solar wind this is


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the region where space weather and


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geomagnetic storms generated by sunspots


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solar flares and coronal m ejections are


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flung out into space and occasionally


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towards the Earth Parker is tracing the


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flow of the energy hitting the solar


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Corona and accelerating the solar wind


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determining how energy from the lower


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solar atmosphere is transferred to and


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dissipated in the Corona and solar wind


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it'll also observe the processes that


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shape the non-equilibrium velocity


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distributions observed throughout the


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heliosphere and how processes in the


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croner affect the properties of the


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solar wind in the heliosphere the


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missions also studying the structure and


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dynamics of the plasma and magnetic


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fields at the sources of the solar wind


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how the magnetic field in the solar wind


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Source regions connect to the


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Photosphere below and the heliosphere


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above determine if the sources of the


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solar wind are steady or intermittent


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how structures in the corona evolve into


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the solar wind explore mechanisms that


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accelerate and transport energetic


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particles and determine the roles of


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shocks magnetic reconnection waves and


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turbulence in the acceleration of


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energetic particles you see


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understanding how these processes work


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will help scientists better forecast


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geomagnetic storms and also determine


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their severity earlier the observations


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will also help astronomers trying to


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determine one of the sun's Biggest


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Mysteries why the corona reaches


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searingly hot temperatures of will over


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a million de C when the sun's surface or


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Photosphere has a temperature of just


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6,000 de C to achieve its perahan Close


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Encounter of the sun Parker undertook a


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series of seven gravity Fist flybys of


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the planet Venus the last on November


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the 6th this slew the spacecraft speed


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enough to allow it to set course on an


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intercept with the Sun the Christmas Eve


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flyby of the sun was the first of three


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record setting close approaches the next


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will be on March the 22nd followed by a


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third on June the


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19th this report from NASA TV liftoff of


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the mighty Delta 4 heavy rocket in


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August 2018 in Cape canav Florida


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NASA launched Parker solar probe to


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touch the sun after spending a few years


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spiraling closer to our star the


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spacecraft has finally


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arrived this is amazing par probe is


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touching the Sun and this is nor aafi


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the project scientist of the mission he


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has been waiting for this moment since


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the beginning of his career this is a


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dream come trip one of the major goals


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for the par Sol mission is to fly


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through the solo Corona and we are doing


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that now so what does it mean to touch


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the sun to answer that we need to look


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at the sun structure unlike Earth the


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Sun doesn't have a solid surface it's a


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giant ball of hot plasma that's held


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together by its own


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gravity solar material flows out from


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the surface but around the sun it's


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bound by the Sun's gravity and magnetic


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field this material forms the sun's


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atmosphere the corona eventually some of


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this hot and fast solar material es Apes


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the pole of the Sun and gushes out into


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space as solar wind the boundary that


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marks the edge of the sun's atmosphere


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is known as the alane critical surface


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we didn't know exactly where this


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boundary was but for the first time in


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history a spacecraft has crossed it


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Parker solar probe ventured into the


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corona touching solar material still


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bound to the Sun the wispy Corona is too


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faint to see most of the time but it's


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revealed during total solar eclipses for


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centuries we've been studying the sun's


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atmosphere during eclipses because it's


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important for understanding how a star


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influences life in the solar system but


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much about the corona remains a mystery


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two of the most challenging scientific


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mysteries in astrophysics occurred in a


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region that we call solar Corona the


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first mystery is about the temperature


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the corona is about 300 times hotter


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than the Photosphere the visible surface


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of the Sun below secondly there's a


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constant stream of particles flowing


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from the Sun known as the solar wind it


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accelerates up to millions of miles hour


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out of the Corona and we don't know how


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solar wind can disrupt our satellites


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and Technology to better protect them we


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need to go where the solar wind starts


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in the corona so heading there has been


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a key goal of NASA's for a while we


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first proposed the idea of sending a


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spacecraft to the sun in


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1958 we didn't have the technology to


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withstand the journey until the 2000


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since its launch in 2018 Parker has been


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heading towards our star then in April


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2021 during Parker's eighth orbit around


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the Sun the spacecraft was around 20


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solar radi or 8 million mil from the


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sun's surface when it crossed into the


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corona this is a huge milestone it took


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us over six decades to come to this


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point as Parker entered the corona its


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whisper instrument took images streams


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of plasma surrounded the space craft and


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Parker's other instruments detected that


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the magnetic conditions had


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changed outside the corona solar wind


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gushes out pushing solar material away


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at high speeds so that it can't return


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back to the sun's surface inside the


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corona the sun's magnetic field becomes


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much stronger solar material is slower


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and Tethered to the Sun instead of a


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smooth divide Parker found that the


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boundary between these two sides is


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wrinkly these bumpy ridges are created


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from huge flows of plasma traveling out


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of the corona scientists are not sure


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why this happens but as Parker gets


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closer we're finding more clues before


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entering the corona Parker had seen


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kinks in the solar wind where it would


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momentarily double back on itself


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scientists called these features in the


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solar wind switchbacks but no one knew


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how or where they formed in 2021 the


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spacecraft finally tracked switchbacks


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to one of their Origins


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as Parker got even closer to the Sun it


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detected bursts of


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switchbacks scientists traced these


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bursts all the way to the visible


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surface of the


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Sun here we see distinct cells as heat


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rises beneath these convection cells


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churn and create funnels of magnetic


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energy above the


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surface scientist found that switchbacks


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form inside these funnels before Rising


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into the Corona and


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Beyond this is only one piece of the


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switchbacks puzzle though exactly how


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they form is still unknown Parker will


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keep looking for Clues as it explores


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our sun the only star we can study up


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close the sun is also the only star


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known to support life so understanding


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it is critical as we search for life


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beyond our solar system that will link


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directly into the question are we alone


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in this universe and that is one of the


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biggest question for Humanity to to


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answer


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this is spacetime still to come new


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lunar sample showed that the moon was


00:09:35.640 --> 00:09:38.069
still volcanically active 2.8 billion


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years ago and scientists have used


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computer simulations to provide an


00:09:42.120 --> 00:09:44.910
accurate map of the Uncharted Milky Way


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galaxy all that and more still to come


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on SpaceTime


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[Music]




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new data from China's changy 6 sample


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return mission to The Far Side of the


00:10:09.160 --> 00:10:11.389
Moon suggest that its Landing site was


00:10:11.399 --> 00:10:13.910
still volcanically active just 2.8


00:10:13.920 --> 00:10:16.190
billion years ago Which is far more


00:10:16.200 --> 00:10:18.790
recently than previously thought the


00:10:18.800 --> 00:10:20.910
findings reported in the journal Nature


00:10:20.920 --> 00:10:22.630
claimed there was volcanic activity on


00:10:22.640 --> 00:10:24.990
the basaltic m in this region over a


00:10:25.000 --> 00:10:28.310
period of at least 1.4 billion years


00:10:28.320 --> 00:10:30.470
Luna samples returned to Earth by the


00:10:30.480 --> 00:10:32.910
Apollo lunar and Changi 5 missions have


00:10:32.920 --> 00:10:34.990
established that volcanism took place on


00:10:35.000 --> 00:10:37.350
the N Side of the Moon between 4 and 2


00:10:37.360 --> 00:10:40.069
billion years ago however the lack of


00:10:40.079 --> 00:10:42.310
samples from the moon's Far Side means


00:10:42.320 --> 00:10:44.470
that it's not been possible until now to


00:10:44.480 --> 00:10:46.550
confirm the timing of volcanic activity


00:10:46.560 --> 00:10:49.030
for this region earlier this year the


00:10:49.040 --> 00:10:51.030
Changi 6 Mission retrieved samples from


00:10:51.040 --> 00:10:53.269
the Apollo Basin located in the North


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Eastern region of the South Pole atakan


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Basin an area believed to have the


00:10:57.120 --> 00:10:59.269
thinnest crust on the moon thereby


00:10:59.279 --> 00:11:01.230
providing scientists with an opportunity


00:11:01.240 --> 00:11:04.269
to study farside volcanism researchers


00:11:04.279 --> 00:11:06.430
analyzed fragments of bassal contained


00:11:06.440 --> 00:11:08.670
in two samples of soil or regli


00:11:08.680 --> 00:11:11.870
collected by changy 6 using a process


00:11:11.880 --> 00:11:13.829
called lead lead dating which measures


00:11:13.839 --> 00:11:15.430
two different lead isotopes that


00:11:15.440 --> 00:11:17.230
determine the age of samples the authors


00:11:17.240 --> 00:11:20.389
analyzed a total of 108 basaltic


00:11:20.399 --> 00:11:23.470
fragments and they found that around 99%


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of these fragments were around 2.8


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billion years old they also found one


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fragment contain High alumin bassal


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which was around 4.2 billion years in


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age implying that volcanism was active


00:11:35.120 --> 00:11:36.949
on the far side of the moon for at least


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1.4 billion years however the majority


00:11:40.279 --> 00:11:42.470
of the studied bassal fragments did have


00:11:42.480 --> 00:11:44.990
consistent formation ages of around 2.8


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billion years the authors suggest that


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this represents the edge of the main


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volcanic episode at least at the changy


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6 Landing site making it a surprisingly


00:11:53.800 --> 00:11:56.190
young eruption Zone and not recognized


00:11:56.200 --> 00:11:58.230
from observations taken from samples


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from the lunar near side side Changi 6


00:12:01.560 --> 00:12:03.509
was beijing's sixth robotic lunar


00:12:03.519 --> 00:12:05.629
exploration Mission and China's second


00:12:05.639 --> 00:12:08.310
Luna sample return Mission the flight


00:12:08.320 --> 00:12:10.350
was launched back in May from the wing


00:12:10.360 --> 00:12:12.509
Chang satellite launch Center on Hanan


00:12:12.519 --> 00:12:15.310
Island the Lander and Rover touched down


00:12:15.320 --> 00:12:18.269
on the Luna Far Side on June the 1st the


00:12:18.279 --> 00:12:20.629
Lander's robotic scoop and drill then


00:12:20.639 --> 00:12:22.870
took samples of the Luna reg with a


00:12:22.880 --> 00:12:27.870
total mass of 1, 1935. 3 G this was


00:12:27.880 --> 00:12:30.030
placed in an ascender module mounted on


00:12:30.040 --> 00:12:32.310
top of the Lander That Was Then launched


00:12:32.320 --> 00:12:34.110
back up into lunar orbit where it docked


00:12:34.120 --> 00:12:36.069
with the orbital module and transferred


00:12:36.079 --> 00:12:37.949
the samples to an atmospheric re-entry


00:12:37.959 --> 00:12:40.030
module which returned them to Earth


00:12:40.040 --> 00:12:42.110
parachuting down in the inner Mongolian


00:12:42.120 --> 00:12:43.629
desert on June the


00:12:43.639 --> 00:12:47.670
25th this is spacetime still to come


00:12:47.680 --> 00:12:49.670
astronomers have developed a new Stellar


00:12:49.680 --> 00:12:51.949
chart providing a more complete map of


00:12:51.959 --> 00:12:54.470
our Milky Way galaxy and later in the


00:12:54.480 --> 00:12:56.949
science report a new study finds that at


00:12:56.959 --> 00:12:59.790
least one in 127 people are on the


00:12:59.800 --> 00:13:02.350
autism spectrum all that and more still


00:13:02.360 --> 00:13:09.110
to come on


00:13:09.120 --> 00:13:16.800
[Music]




00:13:19.079 --> 00:13:21.310
SpaceTime astronomers have developed a


00:13:21.320 --> 00:13:23.189
new Stellar chart providing a more


00:13:23.199 --> 00:13:26.150
complete map of our Milky Way galaxy the


00:13:26.160 --> 00:13:27.990
findings reported on the prepress


00:13:28.000 --> 00:13:30.550
physics website AR i.org suggest that


00:13:30.560 --> 00:13:32.629
the Galaxy was formed in two very


00:13:32.639 --> 00:13:35.230
distinct phases manifested by different


00:13:35.240 --> 00:13:37.990
age chemical abundance relations the


00:13:38.000 --> 00:13:39.990
inner disc located well within the


00:13:40.000 --> 00:13:42.189
radius of the Sun formed relatively


00:13:42.199 --> 00:13:44.150
quickly during the early stages of the


00:13:44.160 --> 00:13:46.350
Galaxy's Evolution probably around 12


00:13:46.360 --> 00:13:49.389
billion years ago then around 6 to 7


00:13:49.399 --> 00:13:51.749
billion years ago the thinner outer disc


00:13:51.759 --> 00:13:54.110
began to assemble rapidly expanding the


00:13:54.120 --> 00:13:56.269
radial extent of the Galaxy and shaping


00:13:56.279 --> 00:13:59.509
its present structure until now a roners


00:13:59.519 --> 00:14:01.389
have sort of roughly determined the size


00:14:01.399 --> 00:14:03.550
and shape of our Milky Way galaxy by


00:14:03.560 --> 00:14:05.990
measuring distances to the Stars inside


00:14:06.000 --> 00:14:08.389
it that they can see the trouble is


00:14:08.399 --> 00:14:09.870
that's a bit like trying to see the


00:14:09.880 --> 00:14:11.629
entire Forest when you're stuck in the


00:14:11.639 --> 00:14:13.670
middle of the trees and so you're really


00:14:13.680 --> 00:14:16.550
not getting a full complete picture and


00:14:16.560 --> 00:14:18.430
this discrepancy is due to a fundamental


00:14:18.440 --> 00:14:20.509
limitation in our observations


00:14:20.519 --> 00:14:22.230
originating from our position in the


00:14:22.240 --> 00:14:24.990
central plane of the Milky Ways disc see


00:14:25.000 --> 00:14:27.110
our location limits the volume of


00:14:27.120 --> 00:14:29.069
potentially observed stars that


00:14:29.079 --> 00:14:31.590
depending on how bright they appear also


00:14:31.600 --> 00:14:33.470
a large proportion of the Milky Way is


00:14:33.480 --> 00:14:35.550
completely obscured from our view by the


00:14:35.560 --> 00:14:39.069
gas dust and stars of the galactic bulge


00:14:39.079 --> 00:14:41.710
it means that we cannot see or know


00:14:41.720 --> 00:14:43.670
what's on the other side of the Galaxy


00:14:43.680 --> 00:14:45.870
beyond the galactic center but by


00:14:45.880 --> 00:14:48.150
peering into the cosmic dance of stars


00:14:48.160 --> 00:14:50.629
the study's lead author Sergey kaposi


00:14:50.639 --> 00:14:52.030
from The labnet Institute for


00:14:52.040 --> 00:14:54.269
astrophysics in partam together with


00:14:54.279 --> 00:14:56.269
colleagues have unraveled the complex


00:14:56.279 --> 00:14:58.829
structure of our galaxy it works like


00:14:58.839 --> 00:15:00.910
this this assuming that each of the


00:15:00.920 --> 00:15:02.829
observed stars that we can see


00:15:02.839 --> 00:15:04.949
represents a larger population of stars


00:15:04.959 --> 00:15:07.269
representing the same rough orbit around


00:15:07.279 --> 00:15:09.030
the galactic center the authors have


00:15:09.040 --> 00:15:10.990
used this to reconstruct the properties


00:15:11.000 --> 00:15:13.230
of the Hidden Stars filling in the gaps


00:15:13.240 --> 00:15:15.430
if you will in the galactic disc in the


00:15:15.440 --> 00:15:17.590
process finding some of the secrets of


00:15:17.600 --> 00:15:20.790
our Galaxy's past present and future the


00:15:20.800 --> 00:15:22.310
authors have shown that instead of


00:15:22.320 --> 00:15:24.269
relying Solly on observations of


00:15:24.279 --> 00:15:26.670
individual Stars the entire orbits of


00:15:26.680 --> 00:15:29.189
real stars can be used to represent the


00:15:29.199 --> 00:15:31.030
structure and dynamics of the Galaxy as


00:15:31.040 --> 00:15:33.749
a whole see as stars move around the


00:15:33.759 --> 00:15:35.990
galactic center they serve as a tool for


00:15:36.000 --> 00:15:37.910
mapping regions of the Galaxy that are


00:15:37.920 --> 00:15:39.829
beyond the direct line of sight of


00:15:39.839 --> 00:15:42.069
telescopes including areas on the other


00:15:42.079 --> 00:15:44.550
side of the Galaxy using a model for the


00:15:44.560 --> 00:15:46.509
Milky Way's Mass distribution and The


00:15:46.519 --> 00:15:48.350
observed positions and velocities of


00:15:48.360 --> 00:15:50.470
stars the authors not only calculated


00:15:50.480 --> 00:15:52.350
the orbits of stars on the far side of


00:15:52.360 --> 00:15:54.309
the Galaxy but more importantly they


00:15:54.319 --> 00:15:55.949
measured how much mass should be


00:15:55.959 --> 00:15:58.670
associated with each orbit using a novel


00:15:58.680 --> 00:16:00.749
Tech technique applied to a large sample


00:16:00.759 --> 00:16:02.710
of stars with spectroscopic parameters


00:16:02.720 --> 00:16:04.790
from the apey survey which is part of


00:16:04.800 --> 00:16:06.870
the slown digital all Sky survey the


00:16:06.880 --> 00:16:09.110
author's map Stella kinematics across


00:16:09.120 --> 00:16:11.509
the Milky Way and this includes the


00:16:11.519 --> 00:16:13.269
intricate motion of stars in the


00:16:13.279 --> 00:16:15.749
galactic bar region and by


00:16:15.759 --> 00:16:17.829
reconstructing Stellar orbits using real


00:16:17.839 --> 00:16:19.389
Milky Way stars with accurately


00:16:19.399 --> 00:16:20.949
determined parameters the authors


00:16:20.959 --> 00:16:22.790
Quantified the Galaxy's Mass weighted


00:16:22.800 --> 00:16:25.629
chemical abundances and AG structure and


00:16:25.639 --> 00:16:27.629
this approach bypasses the challenges


00:16:27.639 --> 00:16:29.550
posed by the dense inner regions and


00:16:29.560 --> 00:16:31.269
interstellar medium Extinction


00:16:31.279 --> 00:16:32.910
delivering a comprehensive view of


00:16:32.920 --> 00:16:35.230
Stellar populations including previously


00:16:35.240 --> 00:16:37.550
unobservable areas on the far side of


00:16:37.560 --> 00:16:40.309
the Galaxy I mean it's still only a


00:16:40.319 --> 00:16:42.350
guess but it's the most accurate we have


00:16:42.360 --> 00:16:45.749
so far and it's based on known physics


00:16:45.759 --> 00:16:49.400
this is spacetime


00:16:49.410 --> 00:17:02.910
[Music]


00:17:02.920 --> 00:17:04.350
and time now to take a brief look at


00:17:04.360 --> 00:17:05.949
some of the other stories making use in


00:17:05.959 --> 00:17:09.029
science this week with a science report


00:17:09.039 --> 00:17:11.309
a new study claims that drinking tea or


00:17:11.319 --> 00:17:13.669
coffee has a direct association with a


00:17:13.679 --> 00:17:15.949
lower risk of developing head and neck


00:17:15.959 --> 00:17:18.270
cancers the findings reported in the


00:17:18.280 --> 00:17:20.189
journal cancer are based on deto


00:17:20.199 --> 00:17:22.429
analysis of 14 previous studies that


00:17:22.439 --> 00:17:25.630
included around 9,500 people with cancer


00:17:25.640 --> 00:17:26.750
and close to


00:17:26.760 --> 00:17:29.990
15,800 people without the authors found


00:17:30.000 --> 00:17:31.590
that people who drank more than four


00:17:31.600 --> 00:17:33.870
cups of caffeinated coffee daily had


00:17:33.880 --> 00:17:36.549
177% lower odds of having neck and head


00:17:36.559 --> 00:17:39.350
cancers overall 30% lower odds of having


00:17:39.360 --> 00:17:42.110
a mouth cancer and 22% lower odds of


00:17:42.120 --> 00:17:44.070
having throat cancer compared to people


00:17:44.080 --> 00:17:46.510
who didn't drink coffee and drinking


00:17:46.520 --> 00:17:49.230
decaf or tea was also linked to lower


00:17:49.240 --> 00:17:51.190
odds of having these cancers but in


00:17:51.200 --> 00:17:52.990
lower percentages compared to those who


00:17:53.000 --> 00:17:55.149
drank caffeine filled


00:17:55.159 --> 00:17:57.590
coffee a new study has found that an


00:17:57.600 --> 00:18:00.590
estimated 61 .8 million people around


00:18:00.600 --> 00:18:02.510
the world that's roughly one in every


00:18:02.520 --> 00:18:06.350
127 people are on the autism spectrum


00:18:06.360 --> 00:18:08.149
the findings reported in the Lancet


00:18:08.159 --> 00:18:10.029
medical journal are based on Australian


00:18:10.039 --> 00:18:12.950
Le research using 2021 data the most


00:18:12.960 --> 00:18:15.149
recent for which accurate information's


00:18:15.159 --> 00:18:17.149
available the new figures are


00:18:17.159 --> 00:18:18.950
substantially higher than previous


00:18:18.960 --> 00:18:21.710
estimates of around 1 in 271 people that


00:18:21.720 --> 00:18:24.549
was based on 2019 data but the authors


00:18:24.559 --> 00:18:26.470
say this was mainly due to them changing


00:18:26.480 --> 00:18:28.510
their approach to exclude studies that


00:18:28.520 --> 00:18:31.470
prob underestimate the rates of autism


00:18:31.480 --> 00:18:33.470
the new study also found that autism


00:18:33.480 --> 00:18:35.390
spectrum disorder was most common in


00:18:35.400 --> 00:18:37.590
people under 20 were ranked within the


00:18:37.600 --> 00:18:40.470
top 10 causes of non-fatal Health burden


00:18:40.480 --> 00:18:42.470
emphasizing the need for early detection


00:18:42.480 --> 00:18:44.230
and developmental support for people on


00:18:44.240 --> 00:18:45.590
the


00:18:45.600 --> 00:18:48.149
Spectrum scientists at Melbourne's mes


00:18:48.159 --> 00:18:50.669
University have made a huge breakthrough


00:18:50.679 --> 00:18:53.029
in energy storage technology which could


00:18:53.039 --> 00:18:55.029
significantly Advance the global shift


00:18:55.039 --> 00:18:58.149
away from fossil fuels the new discovery


00:18:58.159 --> 00:18:59.669
reported in the the journal Nature


00:18:59.679 --> 00:19:01.549
centers around new thermal energy


00:19:01.559 --> 00:19:03.510
storage materials which could provide a


00:19:03.520 --> 00:19:05.350
more sustainable solution to one of the


00:19:05.360 --> 00:19:07.510
major challenges in renewable energy


00:19:07.520 --> 00:19:09.830
storage how to store large amounts of


00:19:09.840 --> 00:19:12.950
energy inexpensively and sustainably


00:19:12.960 --> 00:19:14.669
after all if you rely on renewable


00:19:14.679 --> 00:19:16.750
energy sources and the wind doesn't blow


00:19:16.760 --> 00:19:18.789
and the sun doesn't shine you need to


00:19:18.799 --> 00:19:21.510
rely on stored energy and no matter what


00:19:21.520 --> 00:19:23.710
the pro Renewables people tell you there


00:19:23.720 --> 00:19:25.549
is simply not enough stored energy


00:19:25.559 --> 00:19:27.909
capacity now or anytime in the next 100


00:19:27.919 --> 00:19:30.470
years to fill all the Gap the newly


00:19:30.480 --> 00:19:32.350
discovered material integrates three MDS


00:19:32.360 --> 00:19:34.590
of energy storage creating a tridle


00:19:34.600 --> 00:19:36.470
system that stores thermal energy with


00:19:36.480 --> 00:19:39.470
unprecedented efficiency the material a


00:19:39.480 --> 00:19:42.029
mixture of boric and cinic acids under


00:19:42.039 --> 00:19:45.590
go a transition at around 150° cus and


00:19:45.600 --> 00:19:48.070
can store a record-breaking 600 m per


00:19:48.080 --> 00:19:50.070
cubic meter of energy which is almost


00:19:50.080 --> 00:19:52.270
two times higher than many existing


00:19:52.280 --> 00:19:55.190
materials this novel trial system opens


00:19:55.200 --> 00:19:56.950
up new possibilities for the carot


00:19:56.960 --> 00:19:58.669
battery Cutting Edge energy store


00:19:58.679 --> 00:20:01.270
storage technology a canop battery


00:20:01.280 --> 00:20:03.230
converts electrical energy into thermal


00:20:03.240 --> 00:20:05.310
energy for storage and then back to


00:20:05.320 --> 00:20:07.669
electrical energy when it's needed in


00:20:07.679 --> 00:20:10.029
this design the new material acts as the


00:20:10.039 --> 00:20:12.029
key component for storing the thermal


00:20:12.039 --> 00:20:14.510
energy and it can withstand over a th000


00:20:14.520 --> 00:20:16.990
heating and cooling Cycles the key to


00:20:17.000 --> 00:20:18.590
the material's performance is its


00:20:18.600 --> 00:20:20.430
ability to store energy through three


00:20:20.440 --> 00:20:21.669
mechanisms


00:20:21.679 --> 00:20:24.110
simultaneously first it stores sensible


00:20:24.120 --> 00:20:27.110
heat as it warms up then during melting


00:20:27.120 --> 00:20:28.789
of the mixture the boric acid it


00:20:28.799 --> 00:20:30.510
undergoes a chemical reaction that


00:20:30.520 --> 00:20:32.909
further stores energy and the chemical


00:20:32.919 --> 00:20:34.909
reaction is highly reversible allowing


00:20:34.919 --> 00:20:36.990
this material to be used over and over


00:20:37.000 --> 00:20:39.590
again without degradation that's a major


00:20:39.600 --> 00:20:42.110
breakthrough in thermochemical TS


00:20:42.120 --> 00:20:44.310
materials importantly the material is


00:20:44.320 --> 00:20:46.190
both lowcost and environmentally


00:20:46.200 --> 00:20:48.909
friendly boric acids a flame retardant


00:20:48.919 --> 00:20:51.750
substance derived from Boron ores anic


00:20:51.760 --> 00:20:54.270
acid a biobased chemical is inexpensive


00:20:54.280 --> 00:20:56.549
and sustainably


00:20:56.559 --> 00:20:59.110
resourced the popular consumer magazine


00:20:59.120 --> 00:21:00.669
Choice has announced its much


00:21:00.679 --> 00:21:02.750
anticipated shanki Award winners or


00:21:02.760 --> 00:21:04.549
should that be losers for


00:21:04.559 --> 00:21:07.350
2024 the shanks recognized the worst of


00:21:07.360 --> 00:21:09.029
the world's products and services from


00:21:09.039 --> 00:21:11.789
the past year Tim menum from Australian


00:21:11.799 --> 00:21:14.110
skeptic says one of the 2024 winners are


00:21:14.120 --> 00:21:16.830
so-called grounding socks yeah the nice


00:21:16.840 --> 00:21:18.710
Australian ISM I think is shuny means


00:21:18.720 --> 00:21:21.909
sort of dodgy another Australian ismism


00:21:21.919 --> 00:21:23.029
that yeah I mean it's not very good I


00:21:23.039 --> 00:21:25.029
mean it's less than that his promis it


00:21:25.039 --> 00:21:26.470
does not work and they normally they


00:21:26.480 --> 00:21:27.830
deal with a lot of Technologies and


00:21:27.840 --> 00:21:29.269
products that are put for even some


00:21:29.279 --> 00:21:31.269
services at times with this latest one


00:21:31.279 --> 00:21:32.990
one of the shunky winners was grounding


00:21:33.000 --> 00:21:35.230
socks oh I've heard of these yes they're


00:21:35.240 --> 00:21:37.230
supposed to relieve your electric charge


00:21:37.240 --> 00:21:39.110
the idea is comes from this earthing or


00:21:39.120 --> 00:21:40.789
grounding movement which has been around


00:21:40.799 --> 00:21:43.430
what 30 years orere well be on the


00:21:43.440 --> 00:21:45.470
ground especially right on you go it on


00:21:45.480 --> 00:21:46.990
the grass and you rub your sort of bare


00:21:47.000 --> 00:21:48.669
feet and that will extract all the


00:21:48.679 --> 00:21:50.470
Surplus electrons out of your body or


00:21:50.480 --> 00:21:52.310
whatever all the magnetic impulses and


00:21:52.320 --> 00:21:53.990
take it away you'll ground yourself and


00:21:54.000 --> 00:21:55.750
so static will disappear one of the


00:21:55.760 --> 00:21:57.190
problems is as soon as you stop doing it


00:21:57.200 --> 00:21:59.149
you static will increase anyway these


00:21:59.159 --> 00:22:01.070
are socks which you plug in I don't


00:22:01.080 --> 00:22:02.549
think you can walk very far you plug


00:22:02.559 --> 00:22:04.909
into a power socket and it will drain


00:22:04.919 --> 00:22:07.430
the electrical charge via your feet and


00:22:07.440 --> 00:22:09.669
know sort of longish socks bous style


00:22:09.679 --> 00:22:11.630
socks and the choice people which are


00:22:11.640 --> 00:22:13.430
very much sici based they have a huge


00:22:13.440 --> 00:22:14.789
laboratory which I've been to which is


00:22:14.799 --> 00:22:16.029
fascinating and a lot of people they


00:22:16.039 --> 00:22:17.430
working there to actually assess


00:22:17.440 --> 00:22:19.269
products everything from soap powders to


00:22:19.279 --> 00:22:21.190
grounding socks and what they say is


00:22:21.200 --> 00:22:22.510
that these things are supposed to offer


00:22:22.520 --> 00:22:25.149
you faster healing pain alleviation


00:22:25.159 --> 00:22:28.070
anti-aging and mood elevation and the


00:22:28.080 --> 00:22:29.430
evidence say these people are put


00:22:29.440 --> 00:22:31.750
forward is purely anecdotal oh I feel


00:22:31.760 --> 00:22:34.269
better whatever it's purely qualitative


00:22:34.279 --> 00:22:36.029
and unreliable therefore they're saying


00:22:36.039 --> 00:22:37.310
there's no evidence for this sort of


00:22:37.320 --> 00:22:38.830
thing at all that it's not going to have


00:22:38.840 --> 00:22:40.870
any lasting effect if it has any effect


00:22:40.880 --> 00:22:42.510
at all and one of the problems they also


00:22:42.520 --> 00:22:44.669
point out is that the cord that attaches


00:22:44.679 --> 00:22:46.630
the sock to the power socket keeps


00:22:46.640 --> 00:22:48.669
breaking so you wear it twice and it's G


00:22:48.679 --> 00:22:50.510
broken off which is nice to have a bare


00:22:50.520 --> 00:22:52.470
wire attached to a power socket hanging


00:22:52.480 --> 00:22:54.029
around and so apart of the fact that it


00:22:54.039 --> 00:22:55.909
doesn't work it also might be dangerous


00:22:55.919 --> 00:22:57.789
so they definitely gave this an award


00:22:57.799 --> 00:22:59.390
the grounding socks and saying they


00:22:59.400 --> 00:23:01.350
really not worth it that's Tim mum from


00:23:01.360 --> 00:23:04.310
Australian


00:23:04.320 --> 00:23:17.230
[Music]


00:23:17.240 --> 00:23:20.310
Skeptics and that's the show for now


00:23:20.320 --> 00:23:22.230
SpaceTime is available every Monday


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Gary this has been another quality


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