Stellar Measurements, Icy Moon Missions, and Meteorite Ownership Dilemmas: S04E23

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Language: en

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welcome to astronomy daily your daily


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dose of space and astronomy news I'm


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your host Anna and today we'll explore


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some fascinating developments in space


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science from black holes to meteorites


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and from lunar glass homes to


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groundbreaking NASA missions a lot to


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cover so let's get started in an


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exciting development for our


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understanding of the cosmos scientists


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have made significant progress in


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measuring the universe's expansion rate


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thanks to combined observations from


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both the Hubble and James web space


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telescopes these latest findings are


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helping to fine-tune one of astronomy's


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most crucial measurements the Hubble


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constant the Hubble constant tells us


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how fast galaxies are moving away from


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each other as the universe expands think


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of it as the cosmic speedometer of our


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universe recent analysis from the James


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web Space Telescope has validated


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earlier calculations made by Hubble


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providing even more precise


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measurements when the research team


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combined all measurements from both


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telescopes they found the Hubble


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constant to be approximately 72.6 km per


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second per megap parsec this means that


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for every megap Parc roughly 3.26


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million light years galaxies are moving


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away from each other at about 72.6


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km/s this confirmation is particularly


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significant because it helps address


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what scientists call the Hubble tension


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a long-standing disagreement between


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different methods of measuring the unit


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universe's expansion rate the new data


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from James web provides independent


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verification of Hubble's observations


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giving astronomers more confidence in


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their understanding of this fundamental


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Cosmic property the team used several


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techniques to reach these conclusions


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including studying special types of


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stars called sehid variables and


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explosive events known as type 1 a


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supernova these Cosmic phenomena act


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like standard candles allowing


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astronomers to measure vast distances


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across space with remarkable precision


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next up today in one of the most


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intriguing Quests for extraterrestrial


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life scientists are turning to Earth's


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Arctic Ocean as a testing ground for


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future missions to Saturn's moon


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Enceladus this icy moon has captured the


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imagination of astrobiologists worldwide


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since the Cassini Mission discovered its


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subsurface ocean and active geysers


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erupting from its South Pole the Arctic


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Ocean serves as an excellent analog for


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enceladus's conditions with its ice


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covered surface and underwater


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hydrothermal vents scientists are


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collecting water and ice samples


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searching for Telltale chemical


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signatures like methane and hydrogen


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that could indicate biological activity


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these same chemical markers could


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potentially reveal life on Enceladus


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when Cassini sampled enceladus's plumes


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back in 2004 it detected water ice


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methane and various carbon-based


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molecules the spacecraft also found


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molecular hydrogen and nitrogen all the


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basic ingredients needed for Life as We


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Know It the moon's ice crust estimated


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to be anywhere from a few to 40 km thick


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conceals a global ocean that could


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potentially Harbor life what makes


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Enceladus particularly promising are its


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hydrothermal vents similar to those


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found in Earth's oceans these vents


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could provide the energy necessary to


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support entire ecosystems just as they


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do in our planet's deepest Waters the


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research team has successfully


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demonstrated that they can detect and


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measure various chemical compounds in


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Arctic Waters using the same techn ology


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planned for future Enceladus missions


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these Arctic trials are crucial for


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perfecting the techniques and


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instruments that will one day explore


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enceladus's mysterious ocean by


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practicing here on earth scientists can


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refine their methods and ensure they're


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ready to detect any potential bio


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signatures when we finally send a


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dedicated mission to this fascinating


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saturnian


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Moon and in other news in a


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groundbreaking development The Event


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Horizon telescope team has revealed that


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M8 7 Star the first black hole ever


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photographed is showing remarkable signs


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of change the latest analysis combining


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data from 2017 and 2018 observations


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gives us an unprecedented look at how


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these Cosmic Giants evolve over time the


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most striking change is in the black


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hole's luminous ring while the Ring's


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diameter remains consistent at about 43


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microarc seconds exactly what we'd


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expect from a black hole weighing 6.5


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billion solar masses its brightest


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region has shifted by 30°


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counterclockwise this movement isn't


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random it's exactly what theoretical


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models predicted caused by turbulence in


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the hot gas swirling around the black


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hole perhaps even more fascinating is


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what these observations tell us about


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m87 stars orientation the fact that the


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ring consistently appears brightest on


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its bottom side confirms that the black


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hole's rotational axis is tilted away


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from Earth this persistent feature helps


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scientists better understand understand


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the three-dimensional structure of the


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environment around this massive Cosmic


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object think of it like watching clouds


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move around a mountain peak while the


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mountain itself stays the same the


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changing patterns of clouds can tell us


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about wind directions and atmospheric


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conditions similarly these subtle


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changes in m87 Stars appearance reveal


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crucial information about how matter


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behaves in the most extreme environments


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in our universe the EHT team isn't


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stopping here they're already analyzing


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data from 2021 and 2022 working toward


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their ultimate goal creating the first


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ever time-lapse video of a black hole


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this ongoing monitoring of m87 star


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promises to revolutionize our


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understanding of these Cosmic Giants and


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the fundamental physics that governs our


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universe okay here are some statistics


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that may stagger you every day Earth


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receives about 48.5 tons of visitors


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from space in the form of meteorites


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While most most of these Cosmic rocks


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disappear into our oceans never to be


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found the ones that land on Solid Ground


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often spark fascinating debates about


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who has the right to keep them the


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meteorite hunting business has evolved


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into a lucrative Global Enterprise with


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space rocks being traded online and


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shipped between countries like Precious


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Commodities while these Celestial


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souvenirs Captivate collectors they're


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also invaluable to scientists studying


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the mysteries of our universe


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unfortunately many significant specimens


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are being lost to private collections


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potentially depriving researchers of


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crucial data take New Zealand's recent


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takoo meteorite Discovery for example


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this apple-sized space Rock weighing 810


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gram sparked an interesting legal


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discussion about ownership rights while


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it was found on public land the citizen


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science group that discovered it became


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its legal owner under the Finders


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Keepers principle fortunately they chose


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to donate it for scientific study not


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all cases are so straightforward


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different countries handle meteorite


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ownership in vastly different ways some


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Nations allow private ownership While


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others mandate State ownership without


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compensation when meteorites land on


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private property they typically belong


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to the land owner but public land


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findings can get complicated leading to


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various legal interpretations and


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disputes the commercial value of


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meteorites has skyrocketed with some


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specimens fetching millions of dollars


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high-profile collectors including


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celebrities and Tech entrepreneurs have


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helped turn meteorite collecting into a


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glamorous hobby this has led some


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countries to implement strict


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regulations on meteorite exports


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recognizing these space rocks as


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protected objects of scientific and


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cultural


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significance these regulations aim to


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balance Private Collection rights with


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scientific needs but as the market value


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of meteorites continues to rise the


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tension between collectors and


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researchers grows it raises an important


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question should we prioritize scientific


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study over private ownership when it


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comes to these ancient Messengers from


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space NASA's latest mission to study our


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son is making exciting progress as four


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compact satellites part of the punch


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Mission have arrived at their launch


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site in California these specialized


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satellites will work together like


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pieces of a puzzle to study something


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we've never fully understood how the


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sun's outer atmosphere transforms into


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the solar wind that flows through our


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solar system the mission whose full name


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is the erimeter to unify the Corona and


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heliosphere isn't traveling alone it's


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hitching a ride on a SpaceX Falcon 9


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rocket alongside another fascinating


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piece of technology the sphex Space


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Telescope the launch is scheduled for


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the end of February from vandenbberg


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space Force Base what makes punch


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particularly interesting is its


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innovative approach instead of using one


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large satellite it employs four smaller


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ones each about the size of a suitcase


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these satellites will work in Perfect


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Harmony combining their views to create


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create a comprehensive map of the region


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where the sun's Corona transitions into


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solar


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wind think of it like having four


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cameras positioned around a sports field


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each capturing a different angle to give


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viewers the complete picture the


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satellites are currently undergoing


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their final preparations at astrotech


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space operations teams are meticulously


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testing every component particularly the


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solar arrays that will power each


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satellite these tests are crucial to


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ensure everything functions perfectly


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once they're in space as there won't be


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any opportunity for repairs after


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launch this Mission represents a


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significant step forward in our


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understanding of solar physics by


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studying how the sun's atmosphere


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becomes solar wind scientists hope to


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better predict space weather events that


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can affect our satellites power grids


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and communication systems here on Earth


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it's another example of how studying the


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cosmos isn't just about satisfying our


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curiosity it's about protecting our


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technological infrastructure and better


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understanding our place in the solar


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system finally today let's take a look


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into NASA's crystal ball NASA's niac


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program has just unveiled its Visionary


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concepts for 2025 and they're pushing


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the boundaries of what we thought


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possible in space exploration with a


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substantial investment of $ 2.625


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million in Grants NASA is backing 15


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groundbreaking ideas that could


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revolutionize how we explore and inhabit


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space one of the most intriguing concept


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Concepts comes from helicity space in


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Pasadena where they're developing what


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they call the helicity drive a compact


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Fusion propulsion system imagine


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spacecraft powered by the same process


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that fuels our sun enabling faster and


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more efficient exploration of our solar


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system and beyond this technology could


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be a GameChanger for future Mars


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missions and deep space exploration


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another fascinating proposal focuses on


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building homes on the moon but not the


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way you might expect scientists at


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skorts have proposed creating large


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scale habitats made entirely from lunar


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glass this Innovative approach nicknamed


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lungs involves melting lunar materials


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to create massive spherical structures


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it's a perfect example of insitu


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resource utilization using what's


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already available on the moon rather


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than shipping building materials from


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Earth for those interested in the search


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for extraterrestrial life there's an


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exciting robot concept called leap


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designed specifically for exploring


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Saturn's moon Enceladus these jumping


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robots would hop between the Moon's


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famous geysers collecting samples of


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ocean derived material shot into space


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through these icy Jets other selected


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projects include everything from new


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ways to explore Venus using electrolysis


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to Advanced propulsion systems for


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sustainable Aviation there's even a


00:11:49.000 --> 00:11:51.110
proposal for using fungi to grow space


00:11:51.120 --> 00:11:53.509
habitats and developing inflatable star


00:11:53.519 --> 00:11:56.710
shades for studying distant exoplanets


00:11:56.720 --> 00:11:58.389
these Concepts might sound like science


00:11:58.399 --> 00:12:00.389
fiction but but they represent serious


00:12:00.399 --> 00:12:02.470
scientific Endeavors that could shape


00:12:02.480 --> 00:12:04.069
the future of space


00:12:04.079 --> 00:12:06.110
exploration while they're all still in


00:12:06.120 --> 00:12:08.350
early development stages and aren't


00:12:08.360 --> 00:12:10.550
official NASA missions yet they


00:12:10.560 --> 00:12:12.949
demonstrate the incredible creativity


00:12:12.959 --> 00:12:14.829
and Innovation driving our journey to


00:12:14.839 --> 00:12:16.870
the Stars just remember where you heard


00:12:16.880 --> 00:12:18.590
about them


00:12:18.600 --> 00:12:20.870
first thank you for joining me today on


00:12:20.880 --> 00:12:23.430
astronomy daily I'm Anna and I hope


00:12:23.440 --> 00:12:24.790
you've enjoyed exploring these


00:12:24.800 --> 00:12:26.509
fascinating developments in space


00:12:26.519 --> 00:12:29.269
science with me for more astronomical


00:12:29.279 --> 00:12:31.710
discoveries and space exploration news


00:12:31.720 --> 00:12:33.310
visit us at astronomy


00:12:33.320 --> 00:12:35.670
daily. where you can sign up for our


00:12:35.680 --> 00:12:37.550
free daily newsletter and catch up on


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all the latest developments with our


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constantly updating Newsfeed you'll also


00:12:42.040 --> 00:12:44.430
find all our previous episodes there


00:12:44.440 --> 00:12:46.150
connect with us on social media by


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searching for Astro daily pod on


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Facebook X YouTube YouTube music Tumblr


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and Tik Tok until next time keep looking


00:12:52.480 --> 00:13:04.550
up see you tomorrow


00:13:04.560 --> 00:13:07.110
the St is the


00:13:07.120 --> 00:13:14.710
[Music]