SpaceX’s Italian Venture, Electric Propulsion Innovations, and Silent Black Holes: S04E05

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Language: en

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welcome to another fascinating edition


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of astronomy daily I'm excited to bring


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you today's Roundup of the most


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intriguing developments from across the


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space and astronomy World we've got a


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packed show ahead with stories that


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showcase just how rapidly space


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technology and exploration are advancing


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we'll be diving into Italy's


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groundbreaking negotiations with SpaceX


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for a major telecommunications Security


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deal exploring revolutionary


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developments in electric propulsion


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technology that could transform how we


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travel through space and examining some


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remarkable astronomical discoveries that


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are changing our understanding of black


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hole formation we'll also look at the


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unique challenges of timekeeping for


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future lunar missions check in on the


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latest updates from Mars and preview


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some of the exciting space missions


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planned for 2025 so let's get started


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with today's Cosmic


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journey in a significant development for


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European space


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Communications Italy is in the final


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stages of negotiating a substantial 1.5


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billion Euro deal with SpaceX


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this 5-year contract would revolutionize


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Italy's telecommunication security


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infrastructure marking one of the


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largest European government contracts


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for Space X to date the deal encompasses


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a comprehensive Suite of encrypted


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communication Services leveraging space


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X's satellite Network to provide secure


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telephone and internet services for


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Italy's government


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operations what makes this particularly


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noteworthy is the scope of services


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being considered including dedicated


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military communication coverage across


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the Mediterranean region one of the most


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promising aspects of this potential


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partnership is its focus on Emergency


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Response capabilities the system would


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enable rapid deployment of satellite


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services during critical situations such


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as terrorist attacks or natural


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disasters ensuring reliable


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Communications even when traditional


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infrastructure might be compromised the


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initiative has already received crucial


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backing from Italy's intelligence


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services and defense Ministry


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highlighting the Strategic importance of


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this investment in National Security


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infrastructure this move aligns with


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Italy's broader efforts to modernize its


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Communications capabilities and


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strengthen its position in the growing


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space sector what's particularly


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interesting is that Italy isn't just


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focusing on security Communications the


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country is also planning to conduct


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tests to evaluate whether starlink


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satellite-based connectivity could help


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boost high-speed internet access Across


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the Nation this dual-purpose approach


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could potentially transform both


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government operations and civilian


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internet infrastructure throughout


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Italy next let's take a look at some


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groundbreaking research from the


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University of Virginia which is pushing


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the boundaries of spacecraft propulsion


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technology led by Professor cheni the


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team is making remarkable advances in


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understanding electric propulsion


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thrusters which could fundamentally


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change how we travel through space


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unlike traditional chemical Rockets


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Electric elect propulsion systems work


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by ionizing xenon gas and accelerating


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it using electric Fields this process


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creates a high-speed plasma beam that


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propels spacecraft forward with


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remarkable efficiency what makes this


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technology particularly exciting is that


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it allows spacecraft to travel much


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further while carrying significantly


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less fuel the team's research focuses on


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the behavior of electrons Within These


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plasma beams which might seem like a


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minor detail but is actually crucial for


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the future of space explor ation these


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tiny charged particles play a vital role


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in determining how the thrusters exhaust


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plume interacts with the spacecraft


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itself understanding these interactions


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is essential for Missions that could


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last years or even


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decades one of the most significant


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challenges they're addressing is how to


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prevent the plasma plume from damaging


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critical spacecraft


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components when not properly managed


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these particles can flow backward


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towards solar panels communication


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antennas and other sensitive equipment


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by developing Advanced Computer


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simulations the researchers are gaining


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unprecedented insights into how these


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particles behave and how to control them


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effectively the implications of This


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research extend far beyond academic


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interest as we look toward ambitious


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goals like NASA's Artemis program and


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future Mars missions these improved


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electric propulsion systems could be the


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key to making long duration space travel


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not just possible but practical


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their increased efficiency and


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reliability could be the difference


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between a successful Mission and one


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that falls short of its


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objectives particularly fascinating is


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how the team is using state-of-the-art


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supercomputers to create noise-free


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simulations that reveal previously


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unseen patterns in electron Behavior


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this deeper understanding is already


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leading to improvements in Thruster


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design that could significantly extend


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the operational life of future


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spacecraft now let's let's move on to


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some more groundbreaking research this


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time involving everyone's favorite space


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Topic in a fascinating breakthrough


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astronomers have discovered that some


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massive black holes form in a


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surprisingly quiet way without the


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spectacular explosions we typically


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associate with Stellar death this


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evidence comes from observations of a


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remarkable binary star system known as


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vfts


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243 located in our neighboring large


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melanic Cloud Galaxy the system consists


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of a massive star about 20 5 times


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heavier than our sun orbiting with a


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black hole roughly 10 times our Sun's


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mass what makes this discovery


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particularly intriguing is how it


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challenges our traditional understanding


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of black hole formation typically we


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expect massive stars to end their lives


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in dramatic Supernova explosions but


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vfts 243 tells a different story using


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state-of-the-art models of Stellar


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collapse researchers found that the


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black hole in this system likely formed


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through a process called called direct


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collapse instead of exploding the star


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essentially imploded with most of its


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energy being Carried Away by tiny


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particles called


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neutrinos this process is remarkably


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subtle compared to the cosmic fireworks


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we usually expect the team's


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calculations revealed that these


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neutrinos were emitted almost equally in


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all directions during the


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collapse this symmetrical emission is


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crucial because it explains why the


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binary system remained intact a


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traditional super NOA explosion would


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have likely torn the system apart or at


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least significantly disrupted its orbit


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this discovery opens up new


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possibilities for understanding how


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black holes form throughout the Universe


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it suggests that many Stellar Mass black


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holes might come into existence without


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announcing themselves with bright


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explosions making them essentially


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invisible to our telescopes at the


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moment of their birth the implications


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are significant for our understanding of


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Stellar Evolution and the population of


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black holes in our galaxy


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it seems that nature has more than one


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way to create these Cosmic Giants and


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sometimes prefers to do so quietly


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without the dramatic flare we've come to


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expect from dying


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stars as NASA and other space agencies


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prepare for a permanent human presence


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on the moon they're facing an unexpected


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challenge keeping accurate time while


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this might sound simple the physics of


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space make it surprisingly complex NASA


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researchers have recently developed a


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new system of lunar time to address this


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critical need time actually flows


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differently on the moon compared to


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Earth with lunar clocks ticking slightly


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faster due to the moon's weaker


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gravitational field in fact lunar time


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drifts ahead of Earth Time by about 56


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micros every day while this might seem


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insignificant these tiny differences can


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have major implications for navigation


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communication and coordination between


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lunar operations the new timekeeping


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system incorporates Einstein's theories


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of Relativity to account for these


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variations it considers not only the


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moon's weaker gravity but also its


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motion around Earth and the sun which


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introduces periodic time


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variations even local gravitational


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anomalies on the moon known as mascons


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need to be factored in as they subtly


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influence the flow of time across


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different lunar


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locations this precision timing becomes


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crucial when you consider the ambitious


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plans for lunar development with


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multiple space agencies and Commercial


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companies planning to operate various


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elements on and around the Moon from


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Landing systems and Rovers to permanent


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habitats and research stations


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coordinated timekeeping becomes


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essential for everything from navigation


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to communication scheduling the system


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also needs to maintain precise


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synchronization with earth-based Mission


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Control while allowing for autonomous


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operations during periods when Earth


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isn't visible from lunar


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bases it's a complex balancing act that


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requires accounting for relativistic


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effects while maintaining practical


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usability for lunar


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operations as we prepare to establish a


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permanent human presence on the moon


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this new timekeeping system represents a


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crucial step forward it's another


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reminder that even seemingly simple


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aspects of space exploration often


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require innovative solutions to account


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for the complex physics of our


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universe speaking of NASA recent images


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from NASA's Mars reconnaissance Orbiter


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have captured f ating new views of the


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Insight Lander which has been dormant on


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the Martian surface for 2 years now


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these observations are providing


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scientists with valuable information


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about how dust moves and accumulates on


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the red planet the images show that the


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Lander once a gleaming piece of


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technology has now taken on the same


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reddish brown Hue as its surroundings a


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testament to Mars everpresent dust by


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monitoring how dust collects on inside


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surface and how much gets Swept Away by


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winds and dust devils scient are gaining


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new insights into Mars's atmospheric


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processes particularly interesting are


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the numerous dust devil tracks visible


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in the area around Insight these


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swirling Martian winds have been found


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to follow a seasonal pattern being most


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active during the summer months and


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nearly absent in Winter the tracks they


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leave behind create a constantly


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changing pattern on the surface like


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Nature's Own ETA sketch the images have


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also revealed interesting details about


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impact craters on on Mars including


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those created by insight's own Landing


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thrusters initially dark brown these


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small craters have gradually filled with


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dust and return to the surrounding


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terrain's characteristic rust color this


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process helps scientists better


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understand how quickly surface features


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on Mars can change and disappear under


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the influence of dust movement while


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Engineers continue to occasionally


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listen for signals from Insight in case


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a dust devil cleans its solar panels


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enough to revive it no new


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Communications have been detected after


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two years of Silence NASA has announced


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they'll stop listening for signals


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shortly even in its retirement though


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Insight continues to contribute to our


00:11:08.440 --> 00:11:09.629
understanding of Mars through these


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orbital


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observations looking ahead to 2025 we're


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set for an incredibly busy year in space


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exploration with a remarkable lineup of


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missions that will push the boundaries


00:11:20.480 --> 00:11:23.310
of our understanding of the solar system


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the Moon is taking Center Stage early in


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the year with multiple missions headed


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to our Celestial neighbor in in January


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alone we'll see the launch of two lunar


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Landers Firefly aerospace's Blue Ghost


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destined for the mayor chissum and iac's


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hakuto R mission 2 which will attempt to


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land in the May frigoris these missions


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will carry various scientific payloads


00:11:45.560 --> 00:11:47.389
and even a micro Rover to explore the


00:11:47.399 --> 00:11:50.550
lunar surface several heavy lift Rockets


00:11:50.560 --> 00:11:52.870
are making their debut this year marking


00:11:52.880 --> 00:11:54.629
a significant advancement in launch


00:11:54.639 --> 00:11:56.949
capabilities blue origins new Glenn


00:11:56.959 --> 00:11:58.629
rocket is scheduled for its inaugural


00:11:58.639 --> 00:12:00.990
flight any time now while rocket lab's


00:12:01.000 --> 00:12:02.710
Neutron rocket will join the lineup


00:12:02.720 --> 00:12:04.790
later in the year these new vehicles


00:12:04.800 --> 00:12:06.509
will greatly expand our ability to


00:12:06.519 --> 00:12:09.629
launch larger payloads into space in the


00:12:09.639 --> 00:12:12.350
realm of Planetary Exploration China is


00:12:12.360 --> 00:12:14.269
preparing for its ambitious chenwen 2


00:12:14.279 --> 00:12:16.790
mission set to launch in May this


00:12:16.800 --> 00:12:18.590
spacecraft will attempt something never


00:12:18.600 --> 00:12:20.949
done before visiting both an asteroid


00:12:20.959 --> 00:12:23.389
and a comet on the same Mission it plans


00:12:23.399 --> 00:12:25.870
to collect samples from asteroid calawa


00:12:25.880 --> 00:12:28.550
in 2026 before heading to Comet pan


00:12:28.560 --> 00:12:29.670
stars in


00:12:29.680 --> 00:12:32.350
2034 we'll also witness several crucial


00:12:32.360 --> 00:12:34.949
planetary flybys throughout the year the


00:12:34.959 --> 00:12:37.150
Europa Clipper will swing past Mars in


00:12:37.160 --> 00:12:39.350
March on its journey to Jupiter while


00:12:39.360 --> 00:12:41.350
issa's Bey Columbo will make its final


00:12:41.360 --> 00:12:43.750
Mercury fly by this month these


00:12:43.760 --> 00:12:45.389
gravitational assists are crucial


00:12:45.399 --> 00:12:47.230
Maneuvers that help spacecraft reach


00:12:47.240 --> 00:12:48.430
their distant


00:12:48.440 --> 00:12:50.750
destinations back in Earth orbit we


00:12:50.760 --> 00:12:52.269
might see the beginning of commercial


00:12:52.279 --> 00:12:54.750
space stations with vasts plans to


00:12:54.760 --> 00:12:57.269
launch their first Haven one module in


00:12:57.279 --> 00:13:00.230
August meanwhile multiple space weather


00:13:00.240 --> 00:13:01.750
monitoring missions will take their


00:13:01.760 --> 00:13:03.430
positions to help us better understand


00:13:03.440 --> 00:13:06.269
solar activity and its effects on


00:13:06.279 --> 00:13:08.470
Earth that brings us to the end of


00:13:08.480 --> 00:13:11.110
today's episode of astronomy daily thank


00:13:11.120 --> 00:13:12.509
you for joining me on this journey


00:13:12.519 --> 00:13:14.389
through the latest developments in space


00:13:14.399 --> 00:13:16.910
exploration and astronomy if you'd like


00:13:16.920 --> 00:13:18.509
to stay up toate with all the latest


00:13:18.519 --> 00:13:20.949
space and astronomy news head over to


00:13:20.959 --> 00:13:23.430
our website at astronomy daily. where


00:13:23.440 --> 00:13:24.949
you can sign up for our free daily


00:13:24.959 --> 00:13:27.030
newsletter and explore our constantly


00:13:27.040 --> 00:13:29.230
updating news feed while you're there


00:13:29.240 --> 00:13:30.949
there you can catch up on all our


00:13:30.959 --> 00:13:33.629
previous episodes make sure to follow us


00:13:33.639 --> 00:13:36.590
on social media you'll find us as Astro


00:13:36.600 --> 00:13:39.470
daily pod on Facebook X YouTube YouTube


00:13:39.480 --> 00:13:42.069
music Tumblr and Tik Tok and if you're


00:13:42.079 --> 00:13:44.230
enjoying the show please subscribe on


00:13:44.240 --> 00:13:46.590
your favorite podcast platform whether


00:13:46.600 --> 00:13:49.069
that's Apple podcast Spotify YouTube


00:13:49.079 --> 00:13:51.829
music or wherever you prefer to listen


00:13:51.839 --> 00:13:53.269
this is Anna reminding you to keep


00:13:53.279 --> 00:13:54.870
looking up and I'll see you tomorrow for


00:13:54.880 --> 00:13:56.230
another fascinating look at what's


00:13:56.240 --> 00:14:00.430
happening in space


00:14:00.440 --> 00:14:02.970
St


00:14:02.980 --> 00:14:17.340
[Music]