Spacewalk Records, Hidden Black Holes, and Martian Climate Secrets: S04E27

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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welcome to astronomy daily I'm your host


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Anna and today we've got a lot of news


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to cover and some fascinating


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developments in space exploration and


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astronomical discoveries we'll start


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with an incredible Milestone aboard the


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International Space Station where


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astronaut Sunni Williams has just broken


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the record for Total Space walking time


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during a crucial maintenance Mission


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with fellow astronaut Butch Wilmore it


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seems to be their week doesn't it then


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we'll dive into the latest updates on


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Boeing Starliner investigation where


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Engineers are making significant


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progress in understanding what went


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wrong during last year's test flight get


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ready for some mindbending numbers as we


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explore a groundbreaking discovery of


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hundreds of hidden super massive black


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holes lurking in the cosmos and why


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scientists believe there could be


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billions more out there we'll also


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examine intriguing new research about


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Mars's ancient climate that's helping us


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understand how the red planet may have


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sustained liquid water billions of years


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ago and finally we'll look at some


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spectacular new VI of our planet


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including a unique perspective from a


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Japanese moonlander and an exciting new


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way to watch Earth from space in


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stunning 4K resolution so let's get into


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it a remarkable spacewalk took place


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yesterday aboard the International Space


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Station where NASA astronauts Sunni


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Williams and Butch Wilmore ventured


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outside for a critical maintenance


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Mission lasting over 5 hours during The


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Space Walk Williams achieved something


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truly extraordinary she surpassed former


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astronaut Peggy whitson's record for


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Total Space walking time bringing her


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cumulative time in the vacuum of space


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to an impressive 62 hours and 6 minutes


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the primary objective of their mission


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was to remove faulty radio


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communications Hardware specifically an


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s-band antenna system that had


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previously resisted removal attempts


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during two earlier space walks using a


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specially designed wrench tool Williams


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and Wilmore successfully extracted the


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problematic equipment which will be


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returned to Earth for refurbishment


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but the mission didn't stop there after


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completing the hardware removal Wilmore


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conducted an fascinating experiment


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collecting samples from various


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locations on the station's exterior this


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experiment aims to determine whether the


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ISS releases microorganisms into space a


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crucial investigation for future space


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exploration while we thoroughly


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sterilize all spacecraft and space suits


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before launch humans carry their own


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microorganisms which are constantly


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regenerating understanding which mro


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organisms can survive in the harsh


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environment of space has significant


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implications for our upcoming Artemis


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missions to the moon and eventual human


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missions to Mars scientists are


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particularly interested in learning


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whether any of these microscopic


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stowaways could become what we call


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extremophiles organisms capable of


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surviving in the most challenging


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conditions similar to those found in


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deep sea hydrothermal vents here on


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Earth this spacewalk marks Williams's


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ninth venture outside the station and


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wilmore's 5ifth but only the first time


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together contributing to the ongoing


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Legacy of the iss's maintenance and


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scientific advancement their experience


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and expertise were evident throughout


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the mission as they methodically worked


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through their tasks while floating 250


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Mi above our planet they're just getting


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on with the job while controversy over


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their return seems to be swirling around


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them down here on


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Earth and an update concerning the two


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of them in a significant update from


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NASA's Aerospace safety advisory panel


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Boeing and NASA are making substantial


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progress in their investigation of the


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issues that arose during last year's


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Starliner test flight the mission which


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carried astronauts Butch Wilmore and


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Sunni Williams to the International


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Space Station encountered several


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challenges that ultimately led to the


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spacecraft returning to Earth without


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its crew the investigation teams have


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begun closing out various flight


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observations and addressing inflight


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anomaly


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however one critical issue remains under


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intense scrutiny the spacecraft's


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propulsion system multiple thrusters


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unexpectedly shut down during the


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approach to the station and the system


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experience concerning helium leaks these


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propulsion system anomalies are still


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being actively investigated through


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ongoing test campaigns teams are


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currently working on three fronts


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determining the root cause of the


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Thruster problems developing


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recommendations for modifications to


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Future missions and examining both


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Technical and organization factors that


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may have contributed to these issues the


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safety panel has expressed confidence


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that NASA and Boeing are focusing their


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attention on the right core issues and


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following an appropriate path toward


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safely flying Starliner again looking


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ahead to Future flights NASA is keeping


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all options on the table for achieving


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system


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certification while specific timing


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hasn't been announced the agency is


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exploring potential flight opportunities


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for Starliner in


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2025 this careful approach reflects


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NASA's commitment to ensuring all safety


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concerns are fully addressed before the


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next mission the financial impact of


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these delays continues to affect Boeing


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with the company anticipating another


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significant charge against earnings in


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the fourth quarter of


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2024 meanwhile leadership changes are


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occurring within the program including


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the planned retirement of Mark nappy who


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served as starliners program manager


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during the test flight this thorough


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investigation demonstrates the Space


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Industries unwavering commitment to


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safety and the methodical approach


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required When developing human space


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flight systems while progress may seem


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slow to outside observers this


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meticulous attention to detail is


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essential for ensuring the safety of


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future astronaut


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Crews it seems we find out something new


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about black holes almost every day and


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today is no exception in an exciting


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astronomical breakthrough scientists


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have discovered hundreds of previously


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hidden super massive black holes lurking


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in the depths of our universe these


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Cosmic Giants each containing at least


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100,000 times the mass of our sun were


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found by using Innovative infrared


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detection methods to peer through dense


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clouds of cosmic dust and gas that had


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kept them hidden from view what makes


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this discovery particularly fascinating


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is that it suggests we've been


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significantly underestimating the number


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of super massive black holes in our


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universe while previous estimates


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suggested that about 15% of these


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massive objects were hidden from view


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new Research indicates that number could


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be closer to 35% or possibly even 50%


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this means there could be billions or


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perhaps even trillions of these Cosmic


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behemoths scattered throughout the


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Universe to make these discoveries


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astronomers combined data from NASA's


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infrared astronomical satellite and the


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nuclear spectroscopic telescope array


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even though the infrared satellite


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operated for just 10 months back in 1983


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IT data proved invaluable when combined


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with modern observations allowing


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researchers to detect the infrared


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signatures of these hidden


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Giants these findings aren't just about


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adding numbers to our Cosmic census


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they're reshaping our understanding of


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how galaxies form and evolve super


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massive black holes appear to play a


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crucial role in controlling Galaxy


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formation acting like Cosmic Architects


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that help determine the size and


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structure of their host galaxies in fact


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our own Milky Way would look quite


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different without its Central black hole


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we'd likely see many more stars in our


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night sky if it weren't for its


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influence the discovery also


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demonstrates how far our detection


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capabilities have come by using multiple


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wavelengths of light and combining


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historical data with new observations


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astronomers are increasingly able to


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pierce through the cosmic veils that


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have hidden these massive objects from


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view this multi-wavelength approach is


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opening new windows into the universe


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allowing us to see what was previously


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invisible and helping us better


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understand the cosmic forces that shape


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our


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universe time now for a Mars update in


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groundbreaking new research from Harvard


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School of Engineering and applied


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sciences scientists have uncovered


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fascinating details about Mars's ancient


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climate patterns the red planet which we


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know was once much wetter and more


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earthlike apparently experienced


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dramatic swings between hot and cold


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periods during its early history these


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temperature fluctuations occurred


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between 4 and 3 billion years ago with


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each cycle lasting at least 100,000


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years within a broader 40 milliony year


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period what's particularly intriguing is


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how Mars managed to maintain its warmth


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despite being further from the Sun which


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was also fainter in those early days the


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key to this climate puzzle appears to be


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hydrogen in the Martian atmosphere when


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hydrogen combined with carbon atoms it


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created carbon dioxide that trapped heat


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through the greenhouse effect similar to


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what we experience on Earth today but


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here's the fascinating part


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the process that kept Mars warm had an


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ironic twist as the planet lost water


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from its atmosphere to the ground it


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actually replenished the atmospheric


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hydrogen helping to sustain these warm


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periods the chemical changes during


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these periods were equally complex


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carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would


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react with sunlight to produce carbon


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monoxide during warm spells this carbon


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monoxide would convert back to carbon


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dioxide in a continuous cycle however if


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marate cold for too long this recycling


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process would stall leading to a buildup


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of carbon monoxide and oxygen while


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these findings help explain how Mars


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maintain liquid water on its surface


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they also rais interesting questions


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about the possibility of ancient Martian


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life the temperature swings and changing


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oxygen levels might have created


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challenging conditions for any potential


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life forms when temperatures dropped and


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oxygen levels Rose any existing


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organisms would have faced significant


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survival challenges


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looking ahead scientists plan to test


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these theories by examining actual


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Martian rocks and soil that NASA hopes


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to bring back to Earth through the Mars


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sample return Mission this could help us


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finally unlock the secrets of Mars's


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Lost World and better understand the


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complex history of our neighboring


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Planet space photography has given us


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some remarkable New Perspectives this


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week with two exciting developments


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capturing our attention Japanese space


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company I spaces resist zilian lunar


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lander has provided us with a striking


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view of Earth from its current orbital


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position offering a unique glimpse of


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our planet's most remote location the


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image taken from approximately 6,000


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miles above Earth captured Point Nemo


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the most isolated spot on our planet


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situated nearly


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1,670 mi from the nearest land the photo


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serves as a poignant reminder of the


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vast emptiness of space as resilience


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continues its 4-month Journey toward its


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planned Landing site in the moon's May


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frigoris or sea of cold in other Imaging


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news we're now able to experience the


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overview effect that profound shift in


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perspective astronauts report when


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seeing Earth from space thanks to a new


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set of Ultra HD cameras installed on the


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International Space Station the space


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TV1 camera Suite operated by Space


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streaming company sen is now providing


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continuous 4K views of our planet and


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the surrounding space environment this


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groundbreaking system features three


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distinct cameras offering different


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perspectives one capturing Earth's


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curved Horizon another providing


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detailed views of our planet's surface


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covering areas of about 150 by 110 miles


00:11:42.959 --> 00:11:44.629
and a third focused on the station's


00:11:44.639 --> 00:11:47.310
forward docking port the cameras have


00:11:47.320 --> 00:11:49.550
already proven their worth capturing


00:11:49.560 --> 00:11:51.750
impressive footage of various phenomena


00:11:51.760 --> 00:11:54.829
including hurricane Milton last October


00:11:54.839 --> 00:11:56.509
the live stream is freely available to


00:11:56.519 --> 00:11:58.750
the public marking a significant step


00:11:58.760 --> 00:12:00.750
forward in making space more accessible


00:12:00.760 --> 00:12:03.230
to everyone while there are occasional


00:12:03.240 --> 00:12:05.269
interruptions due to communication dead


00:12:05.279 --> 00:12:07.949
spots this unprecedented access to


00:12:07.959 --> 00:12:10.269
realtime views from space represents a


00:12:10.279 --> 00:12:12.110
remarkable achievement in bringing the


00:12:12.120 --> 00:12:14.590
space station experience to viewers


00:12:14.600 --> 00:12:17.030
worldwide these developments demonstrate


00:12:17.040 --> 00:12:19.110
how space imaging technology continues


00:12:19.120 --> 00:12:21.949
to advance providing us with ever more


00:12:21.959 --> 00:12:24.030
detailed and immediate ways to observe


00:12:24.040 --> 00:12:26.030
both our home planet and Humanity's


00:12:26.040 --> 00:12:28.470
ongoing Ventures into space if you'd


00:12:28.480 --> 00:12:29.949
like to check it out for yourself I'll


00:12:29.959 --> 00:12:32.269
include a link in the show notes but be


00:12:32.279 --> 00:12:34.110
warned you could find yourself


00:12:34.120 --> 00:12:35.910
mesmerized and wind up spending a lot of


00:12:35.920 --> 00:12:39.069
time just looking at it I know I


00:12:39.079 --> 00:12:41.910
did and with that we come to the end of


00:12:41.920 --> 00:12:43.949
another fascinating episode of astronomy


00:12:43.959 --> 00:12:45.870
daily from Sunni Williams


00:12:45.880 --> 00:12:47.949
record-breaking spacewalk to the


00:12:47.959 --> 00:12:49.790
discovery of hundreds of hidden black


00:12:49.800 --> 00:12:52.590
holes from Mars's ancient climate swings


00:12:52.600 --> 00:12:54.310
to stunning new views of Earth from


00:12:54.320 --> 00:12:56.350
space it's been quite a journey through


00:12:56.360 --> 00:12:59.310
today's space news I'm Anna and and I


00:12:59.320 --> 00:13:01.310
want to thank you for joining me today


00:13:01.320 --> 00:13:02.829
if you're hungry for more space and


00:13:02.839 --> 00:13:05.870
astronomy content visit us at astronomy


00:13:05.880 --> 00:13:07.990
daily. where you can sign up for our


00:13:08.000 --> 00:13:09.829
free daily newsletter and catch up on


00:13:09.839 --> 00:13:12.150
all the latest news updates you'll also


00:13:12.160 --> 00:13:14.750
find our complete episode archive there


00:13:14.760 --> 00:13:16.710
perfect for diving deeper into the


00:13:16.720 --> 00:13:19.150
cosmos stay connected with us across


00:13:19.160 --> 00:13:21.230
social media by searching for Astro


00:13:21.240 --> 00:13:24.150
daily pod on Facebook X YouTube Tumblr


00:13:24.160 --> 00:13:26.069
and Tik Tok and don't forget to


00:13:26.079 --> 00:13:28.269
subscribe to the podcast you'll find us


00:13:28.279 --> 00:13:30.069
on all major plat platforms including


00:13:30.079 --> 00:13:33.230
Spotify Apple podcasts and YouTube until


00:13:33.240 --> 00:13:34.829
next time keep looking up and stay


00:13:34.839 --> 00:13:36.150
curious about the wonders of our


00:13:36.160 --> 00:13:42.500
universe


00:13:42.510 --> 00:13:56.870
[Music]