Solar Orbiter’s Historic Venus Flyby, Cosmic Explosion Unveiled, and Callisto’s Hidden Ocean: S04E45

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Language: en

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[Music]


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welcome to astronomy daily where we


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bring you the latest space and astronomy


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news I'm your host Anna and today we


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have an absolutely fascinating lineup of


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stories from across the cosmos we'll be


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covering issa's solar Orbiter making its


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closest ever approach to Venus an


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intriguing cosmic explosion discovered


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in archived data and groundbreaking


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findings from NASA's Dart mission that


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changed both the orbit and shape of an


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asteroid we'll also explore compelling


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new evidence suggesting Jupiter's moon


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Kalisto Harbors a subsurface ocean


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examined the latest research on how


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space travel affects human health and


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discussed the Brewing controversy over


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Elon musk's call to deorbit the


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International Space Station ahead of


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schedule these stories showcase just how


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Dynamic and everchanging our


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understanding of space continues to be


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and I can't wait to share all the


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details with you so let's Dive Right


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into today's top space and astronomy


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headlines the European Space Agency is


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making history today as their solar


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Orbiter spacecraft performs its closest


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ever flyby of Venus swooping just 379 km


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above the planet's surface to put that


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into perspective that's even closer than


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the International Space Station orbits


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above Earth this incredibly precise


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maneuver serves a fascinating Dual


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Purpose while Venus itself isn't the


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primary target the planet's gravity will


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act like a cosmic slingshot gradually


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altering solar orbitor trajectory to


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achieve something remarkable a unique


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vantage point of the sun's elusive polar


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region


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the mission team at esa's European space


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operations center has meticulously


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calculated every aspect of this gravity


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assist which will occur at precisely


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2148 Central European Time the flyby


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presents some interesting technical


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challenges particularly when it comes to


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Thermal


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management as the spacecraft passes


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Venus it will be bathed in intense


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infrared radiation from the planet


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causing a significant temperature Spike


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while solar orbiters cameras won't be a


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ble to capture images of Venus during


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the encounter since the spacecraft needs


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to maintain its sun-facing


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orientation its Suite of instruments


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will still be hard at work the


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spacecraft's magnetometer and plasma


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wave sensors will gather valuable data


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about Venus's unique magnetic


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environment and its interaction with the


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solar wind this flyby is actually part


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of a larger Celestial choreography by


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using Venus's gravity in this way the


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mission team can gradually tilt solar


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orbiters orbit out of the flat plane


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where planets orbit the sun this will


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ultimately give us unprecedented views


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of the sun's poles regions that are


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crucial for understanding solar activity


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and space weather but have never been


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directly observed before the insights


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gained from these future polar


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observations will be invaluable for


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predicting solar storms that can impact


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our technology on Earth from Power grids


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to satellites and communication systems


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this makes today's precise dance with


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Venus an essential step toward better


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understanding our star and protecting


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our increasingly technology dependent


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civilization next up on today's agenda


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in what astronomers are calling a


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remarkable needle in the haast stack


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Discovery researchers have uncovered


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evidence of a powerful cosmic explosion


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that had been hiding in plain site for


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years this mysterious burst of energy


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now designated xrt


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2515 was found buried within two decades


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of archived observations from NASA's


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Chandra x-ray Observatory using


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Innovative machine learning techniques


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scientists at Stanford University and


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Harvard spotted this extremely bright


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and fast x-ray flash that appeared and


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vanished within mere seconds on May 15th


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2020 what makes this discovery


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particularly intriguing is that it


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occurred in the large melanic Cloud one


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of our nearest Galactic neighbors the


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burst exhibited some unusual


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characteristics that set it apart from


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previously observed events It produced


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an incredibly energetic initial burst


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lasting only about 10 seconds


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followed by a longer but less intense


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Afterglow that continued for several


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minutes what's even more mysterious is


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that neither Chandra nor any other


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telescope has ever recorded activity


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from this Source before or since this


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explosive event scientists are


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considering several fascinating


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possibilities to explain this Cosmic


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flash one leading theory suggests it


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could be the first x-ray burster ever


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discovered in the large melanic Cloud


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these rare systems consist of two stars


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locked in a cosmic dance


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a superdense neutron star pulling


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Material off a companion star until it


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triggers a massive thermonuclear


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explosion another possibility is that we


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might have witnessed a rare giant Flare


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from a magnetar a type of neutron star


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with an incredibly powerful magnetic


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field if this turns out to be the case


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it would Mark the first time such an


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event has been observed at these


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specific x-ray energy levels the


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discovery also highlights the value of


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using artificial intelligence to comb


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through astronomical


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archives as lead researcher Steven


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dilman noted there might be countless


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other discoveries waiting to be found in


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observations we've already made the


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research team is now fine-tuning their


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methods to search for even more hidden


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Cosmic phenomena including potential


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signs of planets beyond our Milky


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Way one topic that seems to be getting a


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lot of coverage in the media at the


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moment just how do we deal with any


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asteroids that might be about to collide


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with us


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well maybe there are some answers in


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this new report NASA's Dart Mission


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continues to reveal fascinating new


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details about its impact on the asteroid


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demoro a recent JPL Le study has shown


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that the spacecraft's collision with the


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560 ft wide Space Rock did far more than


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just nudge it off course it


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fundamentally altered both its shape and


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orbital


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characteristics before dart's impact


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Doros was roughly symmetrical resembling


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a squash ball that was wider than it was


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tall it maintained a well-defined


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circular orbit around its larger


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companion asteroid dios taking just


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under 12 hours to complete each loop at


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a distance of about 3,900 ft but the


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Collision changed everything the impact


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transformed demorphis from its


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relatively symmetrical form into what


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scientists call a triaxial ellipsoid


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picture something more like an oblong


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watermelon more significantly its


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orbital period has been reduced by 33


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minutes and 15 seconds with remarkable


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Precision measured down to just 1 and


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1/2 seconds the asteroid's orbit has


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also become slightly elongated rather


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than perfectly circular and researchers


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have observed that demorphis now rocks


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back and forth as it travels around dios


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the impact pushed it about 120 ft closer


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to its companion with its average


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orbital distance now measuring around


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3,780 Ft these findings come from an


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incredibly precise analysis combining


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three key data sources darts final


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images before impact radar observations


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from the deep space Network's Goldstone


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facility and extensive measurements from


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groundbased telescopes worldwide that


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track changes in the asteroid's


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brightness over time the results align


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with other recent studies suggesting


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that demorphis is what scientists call a


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rubble pile object similar to astroid


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benu rather than a solid rock the


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European space agency's upcoming heram


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Mission set to launch in October 2024


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will conduct a detailed survey of the


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asteroid pair to confirm exactly how


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Dart reshaped Dem morphos and further


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Advance our understanding of planetary


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defense


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techniques next exciting new research


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has strengthened the case for a hidden


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ocean beneath the surface of Jupiter's


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moon Kalisto scientists analyzing


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magnetic field data from NASA's Galileo


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spacecraft have found compelling


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evidence that this often overlooked Moon


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may be harboring a substantial body of


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liquid water beneath its icy exterior


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unlike its more famous sibling Europa


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Kalisto presents a dark heavily cratered


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surface that might not immediately


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suggest the presence of an ocean however


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the key evidence lies not in what we can


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see but in the moon's magnetic


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properties Kalisto generates an induced


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magnetic field through its interaction


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with Jupiter's powerful magnetosphere


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and this field holds clues about What


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Lies Beneath the surface the latest


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analysis published in agu advances used


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sophisticated modeling techniques to


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examine data from multiple Galileo


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flybys the researchers created detailed


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four- layer models of kalisto's


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structure considering various


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possibilities for the thickness of its


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ice shell ocean depth and electrical


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conductivity their findings suggest that


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kalisto's magnetic signature can't be


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explained by its ionosphere alone it


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requires the presence of a conductive


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ocean tens of kilom thick this ocean


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appears to be buried beneath a


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substantial ice shell which explains


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kalisto's heavily cratered appearance


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the combination of a thick ice layer and


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a deep ocean fits perfectly with both


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the magnetic data and what we observe on


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the moon's surface while these findings


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are exciting we'll soon have even more


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detailed data to work with both NASA's


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Europa Clipper and the European space


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agency's juice Mission are headed to the


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Jovian system with plans to conduct


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multiple close flybys of Kalisto the


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Europa Clipper will make nine passes


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some as close as 250 km to the surface


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while juice will perform 21 flybys these


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missions arriving in the early 2030s


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will carry Advanced instruments that


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should help us definitively determine


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whether Kalisto truly belongs in the


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growing family of ocean worlds in our


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solar


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system as we venture further into space


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understanding how the cosmic environment


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affects human health becomes


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increasingly crucial recent Studies have


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shed new light on the various challenges


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astronauts space during extended periods


00:10:00.760 --> 00:10:03.150
in space and the findings are both


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fascinating and concerning one of the


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primary threats comes from space


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radiation unlike here on Earth where our


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atmosphere and magnetic field Shield us


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from cosmic radiation astronauts are


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exposed to high energy particles that


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can damage DNA increase cancer risk and


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affect cardiovascular health this


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becomes particularly concerning for


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Missions Beyond low earth orbit where


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natural protection is minimal the


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absence of gravity presents another


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significant challenge when astronauts


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spend time in microgravity their bodies


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undergo dramatic changes bodly fluids


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shift upward causing facial swelling and


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increased pressure in the skull that can


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affect Vision without the constant pull


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of gravity bones lose density and


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muscles begin to atrophy even with


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regular


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exercise the cardiovascular system also


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experiences major adaptations the heart


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doesn't have to work as hard to pump


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blood Against Gravity leading to changes


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blood pressure regulation when


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astronauts return to Earth many


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experience difficulties with balance and


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coordination as their bodies readjust to


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normal Gravity the psychological impact


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of space travel can't be overlooked


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either living in confined spaces with


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limited social interaction and no


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natural day night cycles can lead to


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sleep disturbances mood changes and


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cognitive challenges these effects


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become more pronounced during longer


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missions raising important


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considerations for future deep space


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exploration perhaps most intriguing are


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the recent discoveries about how space


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travel affects human cells at the


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molecular level scientists have observed


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changes in the function of mitochondria


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our cell's power plants and alterations


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in gene expression that can persist even


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after returning to Earth some astronauts


00:11:49.639 --> 00:11:51.430
experience lasting vision problems due


00:11:51.440 --> 00:11:53.030
to what's now known as spaceflight


00:11:53.040 --> 00:11:56.910
Associated neuro ocular syndrome or Sans


00:11:56.920 --> 00:11:58.550
as we plan for longer missions to


00:11:58.560 --> 00:12:01.069
destinations like Mars understanding and


00:12:01.079 --> 00:12:02.949
mitigating these health risks becomes


00:12:02.959 --> 00:12:05.150
Paramount researchers are actively


00:12:05.160 --> 00:12:06.990
developing countermeasures from


00:12:07.000 --> 00:12:08.990
radiation shielding Technologies to new


00:12:09.000 --> 00:12:10.910
exercise protocols and psychological


00:12:10.920 --> 00:12:13.350
support strategies the human body may


00:12:13.360 --> 00:12:15.710
not have evolved for space travel but


00:12:15.720 --> 00:12:17.790
human Ingenuity continues to find ways


00:12:17.800 --> 00:12:20.150
to adapt to the final


00:12:20.160 --> 00:12:22.829
frontier finally today a story straight


00:12:22.839 --> 00:12:24.870
out of the news headlines a new


00:12:24.880 --> 00:12:26.509
controversy is brewing in the space


00:12:26.519 --> 00:12:29.910
Community after SpaceX CEO Elon musk


00:12:29.920 --> 00:12:31.470
called for the International Space


00:12:31.480 --> 00:12:33.750
Station to be deorbited as soon as


00:12:33.760 --> 00:12:36.030
possible suggesting a timeline just 2


00:12:36.040 --> 00:12:38.670
years from now this proposal stands in


00:12:38.680 --> 00:12:40.590
stark contrast to NASA's carefully


00:12:40.600 --> 00:12:42.790
planned decommissioning schedule set for


00:12:42.800 --> 00:12:45.829
2030 musk argues that the ISS has served


00:12:45.839 --> 00:12:47.470
its purpose and offers very little


00:12:47.480 --> 00:12:49.990
incremental utility advocating instead


00:12:50.000 --> 00:12:52.470
for a stronger focus on Mars


00:12:52.480 --> 00:12:55.269
exploration however this oversimplifies


00:12:55.279 --> 00:12:57.150
the station's ongoing importance as a


00:12:57.160 --> 00:12:59.470
unique research platform and testing


00:12:59.480 --> 00:13:01.829
ground for long duration space flight


00:13:01.839 --> 00:13:03.990
the ISS which has been continuously


00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:06.710
occupied since November 2000 remains a


00:13:06.720 --> 00:13:08.350
crucial facility for conducting


00:13:08.360 --> 00:13:09.990
scientific research and developing


00:13:10.000 --> 00:13:11.990
Technologies essential for future deep


00:13:12.000 --> 00:13:14.350
space missions while the station has


00:13:14.360 --> 00:13:17.189
indeed shown signs of aging NASA and its


00:13:17.199 --> 00:13:18.790
International Partners have determined


00:13:18.800 --> 00:13:20.430
that it can safely operate through the


00:13:20.440 --> 00:13:21.590
end of this


00:13:21.600 --> 00:13:24.470
decade SpaceX itself is actually


00:13:24.480 --> 00:13:26.069
involved in the station's eventual


00:13:26.079 --> 00:13:28.470
retirement having been selected by NASA


00:13:28.480 --> 00:13:30.750
to build the deorbit vehicle that will


00:13:30.760 --> 00:13:32.750
safely guide the massive structure


00:13:32.760 --> 00:13:34.030
through Earth's


00:13:34.040 --> 00:13:36.509
atmosphere this controlled deorbit is a


00:13:36.519 --> 00:13:38.590
complex operation that requires careful


00:13:38.600 --> 00:13:40.949
planning and coordination among all


00:13:40.959 --> 00:13:43.509
International Partners it's worth noting


00:13:43.519 --> 00:13:45.550
that most ISS Partners have agreed to


00:13:45.560 --> 00:13:47.990
the 2030 timeline though Russia has


00:13:48.000 --> 00:13:49.590
indicated it may wish to end its


00:13:49.600 --> 00:13:51.150
participation by


00:13:51.160 --> 00:13:53.550
2028 given the station size and


00:13:53.560 --> 00:13:55.870
complexity rushing its decommissioning


00:13:55.880 --> 00:13:58.110
could pose unnecessary risks and


00:13:58.120 --> 00:13:59.710
potentially disrupt the transition to


00:13:59.720 --> 00:14:01.590
commercial space stations currently


00:14:01.600 --> 00:14:02.430
under


00:14:02.440 --> 00:14:04.550
development the debate highlights a


00:14:04.560 --> 00:14:06.269
broader discussion about the future of


00:14:06.279 --> 00:14:08.389
human space flight and whether we should


00:14:08.399 --> 00:14:10.550
maintain a presence in low earth orbit


00:14:10.560 --> 00:14:12.470
while simultaneously pursuing deeper


00:14:12.480 --> 00:14:16.230
space exploration for now NASA maintains


00:14:16.240 --> 00:14:18.389
that the ISS continues to serve as an


00:14:18.399 --> 00:14:20.749
invaluable platform for research and


00:14:20.759 --> 00:14:23.110
international cooperation essential


00:14:23.120 --> 00:14:24.990
stepping stones for our journey to both


00:14:25.000 --> 00:14:27.150
the moon and


00:14:27.160 --> 00:14:29.550
Mars and that brings us to the the end


00:14:29.560 --> 00:14:31.949
of today's episode of astronomy daily


00:14:31.959 --> 00:14:33.389
thank you for joining me for this


00:14:33.399 --> 00:14:35.150
fascinating Journey Through the latest


00:14:35.160 --> 00:14:37.829
developments in space and astronomy from


00:14:37.839 --> 00:14:39.829
groundbreaking discoveries to ongoing


00:14:39.839 --> 00:14:41.550
debates about the future of space


00:14:41.560 --> 00:14:43.749
exploration there's never a dull moment


00:14:43.759 --> 00:14:46.030
in our Cosmic neighborhood if you'd like


00:14:46.040 --> 00:14:47.590
to stay up toate with all the latest


00:14:47.600 --> 00:14:49.829
space in astronomy news head over to


00:14:49.839 --> 00:14:52.150
astronomy daily. where you can sign up


00:14:52.160 --> 00:14:54.189
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our constantly updating Newsfeed while


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you're there you can also catch up on


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all our pre previous episodes don't


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can find us as Astro daily pod on


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Facebook X YouTube YouTube music and Tik


00:15:08.639 --> 00:15:11.350
Tok this is Anna reminding you to keep


00:15:11.360 --> 00:15:12.590
looking up and wondering about our


00:15:12.600 --> 00:15:14.990
amazing Universe I'll see you tomorrow


00:15:15.000 --> 00:15:22.670
with more fascinating stories from space


00:15:22.680 --> 00:15:36.110
[Music]


00:15:36.120 --> 00:15:39.800
St told