Solar Fireworks, Crew-12 Countdown, and Venus Hides a Secret

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Language: en

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Four astronauts are sitting in


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quarantine right now at Kennedy Space


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Center in Florida. Bags packed, suits


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ready, waiting for the weather to


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cooperate. SpaceX Crew 12 is almost go


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and the countdown is very much on.


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>> Meanwhile, our sun is doing what it does


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best, putting on a show. Plus, a lava


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tunnel the size of a city has just been


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confirmed under the clouds of Venus. And


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a tiny teaspoon of asteroid dust has


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just rewritten the story of how life's


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ingredients form in space. Good morning,


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good evening, wherever you are in the


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world, and welcome to Astronomy Daily.


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>> I'm Anna.


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>> And I'm Avery. Let's get into it.


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>> Let's kick things off with our lead


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story because the ISS is short-handed


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right now and NASA wants to fix that as


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soon as possible. The SpaceX Crew 12


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mission has been pushed back once again.


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This time to no earlier than Thursday,


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February 12th at 5:38 in the morning


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Eastern time. The culprit, weather along


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the Crew Dragons flight path.


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>> Yeah, mission teams did a weather review


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and decided to wave off the Wednesday


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window entirely. Conditions are expected


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to improve Thursday, but Friday the 13th


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is also being kept as a backup. So,


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we're in a holding pattern, but a short


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one hopefully.


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>> And while we're waiting, let's talk


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about the crew because this is a really


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international team. Commanding the


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mission is NASA astronaut Jack Hathaway,


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his first spaceflight command. Pilot


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seat goes to the brilliant Jessica


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Meyer, who's no stranger to the ISS.


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Then you've got Sophie Adonaut


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representing the European Space Agency.


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This is her first space flight. and


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Rosscosmos cosminaut Andre Fedv


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completing the quartet.


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>> They'll be riding aboard Crew Dragon


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Freedom, which is itself a fascinating


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spacecraft. This will be Freedom's fifth


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flight, returning after a whopping


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501day turnaround since Crew 9. And


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here's something to watch for at launch.


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This mission will mark the very first


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use of landing zone 40, a brand new


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landing pad built right inside the SLC


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40 complex itself. So, the booster is


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going to launch and then come back and


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land right next door. That's wild.


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>> It is wild. Now, one thing that makes


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this particular rotation different from


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the usual 6 months is the expected


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duration. Because of crew 11's early


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medical evacuation back in January, crew


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12 is expected to stay for 8 to 9


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months, longer than a typical stay. The


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ISS needs the staffing, and this crew is


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ready. And it's a big week for launches


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beyond just Crew 12. The launch manifest


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is absolutely stacked right now. We have


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ULA's Vulcan rocket going up with


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USSF87,


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a pair of satellite surveillance for the


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US Space Force. Then there's the first


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Aron 64 launch, which will carry 32


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Amazon Kyper internet satellites. That's


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Starlink's main competitor, by the way.


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Plus a Russian Proton M and surprise


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surprise, multiple Starlink missions. It


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is genuinely one of the busiest launch


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weeks we've seen in a while.


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>> So, if you're a launch watcher, clear


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your Thursday calendar. Live streams


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will be available online for most, if


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not all, of these launches.


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>> Okay, story two. And we keep an eye on


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our star because right now, as we


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reported a few days ago, it is being


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very talkative. Sunspot region AR4366


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has been one of the most active regions


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of solar cycle 25 and overnight it fired


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off four M-class flares. The biggest was


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an M2.8, that's a moderate flare for


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context, at around 214 UTC this morning,


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which triggered a minor R1class radio


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blackout over the seas between Australia


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and Papa New Guinea. Just to give people


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a quick refresher on the scale here,


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solar flares are classified by their


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peak X-ray intensity. C-class are minor,


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MClass are moderate and can cause brief


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radio blackouts at high latitudes, and


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X-class are the big ones, the kind that


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can knock out power grids and satellite


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communications. So, four MClass flares


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in a day is definitely worth paying


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attention to. Ark 4366 has actually been


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the source of some spectacular X-class


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activity over the past couple of weeks,


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too. It's been a busy region. Now, it's


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rotating out of the Earth-facing part of


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the sun. So, today the forecast is quiet


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to unsettled as the corona whole stream


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influence gradually weakens, but


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forecasters will be watching it closely.


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If we get any significant CMEs thrown


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our way, that could mean aurora's


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pushing further from the poles than


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usual, which is always exciting news for


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sky watchers.


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>> We're still in an active phase of solar


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cycle 25, which is tracking hotter than


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predicted. So, don't put the Aurora


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alert apps away just yet. We'll keep


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monitoring.


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>> We certainly will. This is exciting


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stuff.


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>> Okay, moving on. Story three takes us to


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one of the most exciting ongoing areas


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of science, the Bennu samples from


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NASA's Osiris Rex mission. We've talked


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about Bennu a lot, and each new study


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seems to shift our thinking a little


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more. This week's paper published in the


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proceedings of the National Academy of


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Sciences might be the biggest shift yet.


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>> So, what's the finding? For decades,


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scientists thought amino acids in


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asteroids form through what's called


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striker synthesis, a process that


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requires warm liquid water. The classic


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picture was something like a wet warm


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asteroid interior chemistry bubbling


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along. But the Penn State team led by


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Allison Bazinski looked at the isotopic


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signatures of amino acids in the Benu


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samples, specifically glycine, which is


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the simplest amino acid, and found that


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the story is much more complicated. The


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data suggests these amino acids formed


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under harsh, cold, icy, radiationrich


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environments. The kind of environment


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we'd associate more with the outer solar


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system than a warm, watery asteroid.


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Bazinski described it as their results


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flipping the script on how amino acids


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form. It's not just one pathway anymore.


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It looks like there are many conditions


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under which life's building blocks can


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emerge.


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>> And why does that matter? Because if


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amino acids can form in extreme icy


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environments, not just warm, watery


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ones, the range of places in the cosmos


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where life's precursors might exist,


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just got dramatically wider. We're


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talking about icy moons, comet nuclei,


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the outer reaches of the solar system,


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places we might not have been


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prioritizing in the search for life's


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ingredients.


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>> What's remarkable is that all of this


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came from a sample smaller than a


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teaspoon. That speck of 4.6 6 billiony


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old asteroid dust is genuinely changing


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our understanding of how life may have


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gotten started. The Osiris Rex mission


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just keeps on giving. Story for today.


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And I genuinely love this one. We found


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lava tubes on the moon. We found them on


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Mars. And now for the first time,


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scientists have confirmed one on Venus.


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A team from the University of Trento in


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Italy has published a paper in Nature


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Communications this week revealing the


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existence of a massive underground lava


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tunnel on our closest planetary


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neighbor. And the really clever part of


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this story is how they found it. Venus


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is famously difficult to observe. It's


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permanently wrapped in thick sulfuric


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acid clouds that block direct


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photography of the surface. So the team


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went back to radar data collected by


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NASA's Mellan spacecraft between 1990


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and 1992. Data that's over 30 years old.


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They developed a new imaging technique


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specifically designed to detect


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underground conduits near surface


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collapse features called skylights. And


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when they applied it to the Nyx Mons


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region, named for the Greek goddess of


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the night, they found it.


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>> Now let's talk size for a moment because


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this thing is enormous. The lava tube is


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estimated to be around 1 kilometer wide.


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That's wider than any lava tube found on


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Earth, the moon, or Mars. The roof is at


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least 150 m thick. The empty void below


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is at least 375 m deep. And based on the


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surrounding terrain analysis, the whole


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conduit could extend for at least 45 km


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underground.


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>> 45 km. That's a subterranean highway.


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And there's an interesting reason it's


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so big. Venus has lower gravity than


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Earth and a denser atmosphere, which


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actually favors the rapid formation of a


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thick insulating crust on top of lava


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flows. So, the tubes can grow larger and


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last longer on Venus than elsewhere. The


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planet with the worst surface conditions


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in the solar system might have some


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remarkably stable real estate


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underground.


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>> This also has really important


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implications for future Venus missions.


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Envision spacecraft and NASA's


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Veraritoss are both being developed for


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Venus and both will carry advanced radar


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systems capable of doing this kind of


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subsurface analysis in far greater


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detail. The team describes this


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discovery as only the beginning of what


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could be a long and fascinating research


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program into Venus's hidden geology.


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>> And our final story today takes a


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delightfully unexpected angle on the


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search for extraterrestrial


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intelligence. A new paper in the


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International Journal of Astrobiology by


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plant biologist Lincoln Ties at UC Santa


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Cruz argues that if we want to find


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advanced alien civilizations, we should


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be looking for exoplanets with large


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accessible deposits of coal.


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>> Coal, not radio signals, not Dyson


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spheres, coal. I genuinely love this. So


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what's the argument? TICE traces the


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chain of development that led to us


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being able to communicate across


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interstellar distances. On Earth, none


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of our advanced technology, no steel, no


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deep fossil fuel extraction, no


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electricity, no radio telescopes would


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have been possible without first being


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able to forge steel. and steel required


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coal. Specifically, huge amounts of


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shallow energy dense coal like the


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deposits laid down during the


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Carboniferous and Peran periods roughly


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330 to 260 million years ago. The paper


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argues that the same logic should apply


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to any technological civilization


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anywhere in the universe. Intelligence


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isn't enough. Biology isn't enough. You


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need the geology to match a planet that


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happened to grow the right kinds of


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forests at the right time in its history


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under the right conditions to bury them


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and compress them into energy dense coal


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seams that a curious civilization could


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then dig up and use to bootstrap an


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industrial revolution.


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>> And the implications for SETI are


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fascinating. The paper suggests planets


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in the so-called photosynthetic


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habitable zone where both liquid water


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and oxygen producing photosynthesis are


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possible might be relatively rare. Even


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rarer are the planets where all the


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conditions align. The right star, the


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right orbit, the right biology, the


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right geology, and the right timing.


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Hole doesn't just appear. It requires a


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very specific sequence of events across


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hundreds of millions of years. There is


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also a potential detection angle. An


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alien industrial revolution would


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produce atmospheric signatures. Elevated


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carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen


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oxides. So these are theoretically


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detectable with sufficiently powerful


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telescopes. The catch, as the paper


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acknowledges, is that the coal burning


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phase of any civilization would be


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relatively brief. We certainly hope it


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is. So the detection window would be


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narrow, but it adds a whole new layer to


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what we're looking for when we study


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exoplanet atmospheres.


00:12:05.279 --> 00:12:07.829
>> It's also a slightly humbling thought.


00:12:07.839 --> 00:12:09.190
The reason we can have this


00:12:09.200 --> 00:12:11.110
conversation, the reason we built the


00:12:11.120 --> 00:12:13.190
telescopes and the rockets and the radio


00:12:13.200 --> 00:12:15.590
transmitters might ultimately come down


00:12:15.600 --> 00:12:18.230
to a lucky geological accident 300


00:12:18.240 --> 00:12:20.710
million years ago. We happen to live on


00:12:20.720 --> 00:12:22.870
a planet with a lot of coal in the right


00:12:22.880 --> 00:12:25.350
places at the right time. Not every


00:12:25.360 --> 00:12:27.269
world will be so fortunate.


00:12:27.279 --> 00:12:29.910
>> And that is your Astronomy Daily for


00:12:29.920 --> 00:12:33.509
Tuesday the 10th of February, 2026. From


00:12:33.519 --> 00:12:35.750
solar fireworks and a countdown to


00:12:35.760 --> 00:12:38.470
launch to lava tunnels on Venus,


00:12:38.480 --> 00:12:40.949
rewritten science from Bennu and a


00:12:40.959 --> 00:12:43.190
genuinely thoughtprovoking new take on


00:12:43.200 --> 00:12:45.590
the search for extraterrestrial life.


00:12:45.600 --> 00:12:47.269
It's been quite the episode.


00:12:47.279 --> 00:12:49.110
>> If you enjoy today's show, please take a


00:12:49.120 --> 00:12:50.790
moment to leave us a review wherever you


00:12:50.800 --> 00:12:52.710
listen. It genuinely helps more people


00:12:52.720 --> 00:12:55.030
find us. And if you want to go deeper on


00:12:55.040 --> 00:12:57.030
any of today's stories, we have links to


00:12:57.040 --> 00:12:58.710
all the source articles waiting for you


00:12:58.720 --> 00:13:01.269
in the show notes at astronomyaily.io.


00:13:01.279 --> 00:13:03.829
>> Find us on social media at astrodaily


00:13:03.839 --> 00:13:05.910
pod. And if you've got a question, a


00:13:05.920 --> 00:13:07.750
story tip, or just want to tell us what


00:13:07.760 --> 00:13:09.829
you think, we'd love to hear from you.


00:13:09.839 --> 00:13:11.110
Thanks for listening and we'll see you


00:13:11.120 --> 00:13:14.230
again tomorrow. I'm Anna. And I'm Avery.


00:13:14.240 --> 00:13:19.509
Keep looking up.


00:13:19.519 --> 00:13:26.629
No


00:13:26.639 --> 00:13:30.440
stories told.