Runaway Black Hole Confirmed, Mercury Still Active & 2032 Moon Impact Risk

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Welcome to Astronomy [music] Daily, your


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source for the latest space and


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astronomy news. I'm Anna.


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>> And I'm Avery. Thanks for joining us on


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this Thursday, February 29th, [music]


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2026. We've got a fascinating lineup


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today, covering everything from


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Mercury's surprising geological activity


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to a possible [music] asteroid impact on


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the moon.


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>> That's right. We're going to explore


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bright streaks on Mercury that suggest


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[music] our smallest planet is still


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geologically active. Check in on NASA's


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[music] test satellite after a command


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error temporarily sidelined it. And


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discuss the discovery of an intriguing


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Earthlike exoplanet that's much [music]


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colder than you might expect. Plus,


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we'll bring you updates on NASA and


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SpaceX moving up the Crew 12 launch to


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help out the skeleton crew [music]


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currently on the International Space


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Station. Then we'll dive into the wild


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world of runaway black holes tearing


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through space and wrap up with what


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could be a once-in-a-lifetime [music]


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scientific opportunity if an asteroid


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hits the moon in 2032.


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>> It's quite a ride today. [music] Let's


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get started with some surprising news


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from the innermost planet in our solar


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system.


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>> Mercury has long been viewed as a small


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geologically dead world, but new


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research is challenging that assumption


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in a big way. A team led by researchers


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at the University of Burn has uncovered


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hundreds of bright linear streaks on


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crater slopes that point to ongoing


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volcanic activity and volatile loss from


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Mercury's interior.


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>> This is really fascinating work, Avery.


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The team applied deep learning


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techniques to analyze about 100,000


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highresolution images taken by NASA's


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Messenger spacecraft during its orbital


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mission from 2011 to 2015. Using this


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automated approach, they mapped the


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global distribution of roughly 400


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bright streaks that had previously


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escaped comprehensive cataloging.


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>> And what they found was pretty telling.


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These features, known as slope lineier,


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occur preferentially on sun-facing


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slopes inside relatively young impact


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craters that cut through thick volcanic


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deposits. The concentration of streaks


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in these thermally stressed environments


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indicates that solar heating is an


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important trigger for volatile escape


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from near surface layers. Much of these


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streaks originate in small bright


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depressions called hollows that dot


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crater floors and walls. These hollows


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have long been interpreted as products


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of volatile loss and their close


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association with the lineier supports


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the view that both structures form when


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volatile components like sulfur or other


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light elements escape from the


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subsurface.


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>> According to the research team, fracture


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networks created by the original impact


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events likely provide pathways that


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allow volatile rich material from deeper


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levels to reach the surface. As solar


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radiation warms these exposed zones,


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volatiles can escape into space, driving


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the development or modification of the


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bright streaks down slope. What's


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particularly exciting is the timing.


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This research arrives just as the joint


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ESA and JAXA Becky Columbbo mission is


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on route to Mercury. The mission carries


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an advanced payload that includes


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several key contributions from the


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University of Burn.


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>> Absolutely. The Becky Columbbo laser


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altimeter or Bella was designed and


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built in part at the University of Burn.


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It will use laser pulses from an orbit


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roughly a thousand km above the surface


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to measure elevations with about 10 cm


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precision, enabling a detailed


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reconstruction of Mercury's topography.


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The burn team also contributed the ion


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optical system for Stroio, a NASA mass


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spectrometer on Bey Columbo that will


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measure the composition of Mercury's


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extremely thin atmosphere, connecting


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present-day volatile escape at the


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surface to the surrounding exosphere.


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The research team plans to use the


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current inventory of slope streaks as a


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baseline for future comparisons once


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Beepy Columbbo begins returning data. By


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imaging key regions again, they aim to


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determine whether new streaks have


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formed or existing ones have changed


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since the messenger era. Any such


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changes would provide strong evidence


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that volatiled driven processes are


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still reshaping Mercury's surface on


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human [snorts] time scales.


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>> It's a great reminder that even our


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smallest, closest planetary neighbor


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still has secrets to reveal. Mercury is


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far more dynamic than we thought.


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Shifting from Mercury to our planet


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hunting efforts, NASA's Transiting


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Exoplanet Survey Satellite, or TESS,


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recently had a bit of a scare when a


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command error temporarily knocked it


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offline. Right, the spacecraft was


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forced into safe mode after an


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unexpected command error caused its


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solar panels to misalign with the sun.


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This misalignment had serious


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consequences because the panels were


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unable to charge Tessa's batteries,


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leading to a low power condition that


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triggered the automatic transition to


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safe mode. In safe mode, all


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non-essential systems are turned off to


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conserve power, and the spacecraft


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awaits further instructions from ground


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controllers. NASA engineers quickly work


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to resolve the issue. And fortunately,


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TESS safe mode performed as intended,


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protecting the spacecraft from permanent


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damage. This incident is actually


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reminiscent of past missing failures.


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Remember Viking 1 back in 1982? A faulty


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command caused the loss of communication


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and there was that catastrophic series


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of events that nearly destroyed the SOHO


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probe in 1998. But unlike those cases,


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TESS was fortunate to have safeguards in


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place.


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>> Exactly. The spacecraft's automatic safe


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mode kicked in when the power situation


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became critical. The safe mode is


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designed to preserve the spacecraft's


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core functions such as attitude control


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and ensure it can be reactivated once


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engineers identify and address the


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issue. According to NASA, the mission


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team is now reviewing and updating


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procedures to prevent this command error


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from happening in the future. It's a


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good reminder that even with advanced


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technology, human error remains a


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significant challenge in space


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operations.


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>> Absolutely. While Tessa's recovery was


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successful and demonstrates how far


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space mission technology has come, this


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incident emphasizes the need for


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continued vigilance in mission planning.


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The risk of human error is always there


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and the consequences can be costly in


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terms of both time and resources.


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>> The good news is that TESS is back


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online and continuing its important work


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of hunting for exoplanets, which brings


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us nicely to our next story about a


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newly discovered Earthlike world.


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Speaking of exoplanets, astronomers have


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just discovered what might be one of the


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closest things we have to Earth's twin,


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though it's considerably colder than our


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home planet. The exoplanet is called


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HD137010b,


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and it's located 146 lighty years away.


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It's slightly larger than Earth and


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orbits a star that resembles our sun.


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However, despite its similarities to


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Earth in terms of size and orbital


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period, its surface could be far colder


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than even Mars, potentially reaching a


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frigid -90° F or -68° C.


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>> This discovery was published in the


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astrophysical journal Letters and was


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made by an international team led by


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Alexander Venner. The search for


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Earthlike exoplanets has been a central


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focus of astronomical research for over


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three decades now. Dr. Hang, a key


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member of the research team, explained


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it well when he said, "Since the


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discovery of the first exoplanet 30


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years ago, we've always tried to find


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Earth's Trin. HD137010b


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could bring us closer to that goal,


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although it's not an exact match. The


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planet is positioned in what astronomers


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call the habitable zone of its star,


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which is the area where water could


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potentially exist in liquid form, which


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is crucial for life as we know it.


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However, there's a major obstacle.


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>> Right? The star HD137010b


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orbits is cooler and dimmer than our


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sun, meaning the planet receives only a


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fraction of the energy Earth does. This


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could result in surface temperatures as


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low as -90° F, making it one of the


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coldest exoplanets discovered in recent


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years. But scientists remain hopeful.


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Dr. Venner pointed out that while the


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planet's surface might be frozen, it


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could still fall within the broader


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optimistic habitable zone of its star.


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With the right atmospheric conditions,


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HD137010b


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might not be as inhospitable as its


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temperature suggests. One of the


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challenges of studying this planet is


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its orbital distance from its star,


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which is similar to Earth's, but much


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farther than the typical exoplanets that


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are easier to observe. Transits, when


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the planet crosses in front of its star,


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happen less frequently, making it harder


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to confirm the planet's existence.


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>> The discovery was made from a single


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transit captured by NASA's Kepler Space


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Telescope. Further confirmation of the


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planet's existence and detailed analysis


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of its mass and atmosphere will require


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more data, which might not be possible


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until the next generation of telescopes


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become operational.


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>> It's an exciting discovery that adds to


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our understanding of the types of


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environments where life could


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potentially exist beyond our solar


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system. Even if HD137010B


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is too cold for life as we know it, it


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teaches us valuable lessons about


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planetary habitability.


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>> Now, let's turn our attention back to


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Earth orbit and the International Space


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Station. NASA has announced an earlier


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than expected target date to launch the


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next astronauts to the ISS.


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>> That's right. The agency is now


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targeting February 11th for liftoff of


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Space X Crew 12 mission, which will fly


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four astronauts to join the skeleton


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crew presently operating the orbital


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laboratory. That's 4 days earlier than


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originally planned.


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>> Just to give everyone context, currently


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only three crew members are covering the


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maintenance and science investigations


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aboard the ISS. They were left behind on


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January 14th by the early departure of


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crew 11 on the station's first ever


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medical evacuation. The crew 12


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astronauts were already in line to take


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the crew 11's quartet's place, but they


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had originally been scheduled to overlap


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with them before their return to Earth.


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SpaceX and NASA had originally targeted


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February 15th for Crew 12's launch, but


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managed to get the mission's Crew Dragon


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spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket ready


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ahead of schedule.


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>> The Crew 12 team includes NASA


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astronauts Jessica Mir, who's the


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mission commander, and Jack Hathaway as


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pilot. The mission specialists are


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Sophie Adinot of the European Space


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Agency, and Ross Cosmos cosminaut Andre


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Fedyv. Interestingly, Fedyav was a


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relatively late replacement for


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cosminaut Alleg Ardmiv, who was pulled


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off crew 12 in early December, possibly


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for violating US national security


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regulations. This quartet will fly the


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Crew Dragon capsule named Grace to the


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ISS for a longer than normal assignment


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lasting 9 months instead of the typical


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6 months. It'll be the second space


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flight for both Mayor and Fedyav, while


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Hathaway and Adeno are both spaceflight


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rookies headed to orbit for the first


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time. The launch window opens on


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February 11th at 6:00 a.m. Eastern time


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from launch complex 40 at Cape Canaveral


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Space Force Station in Florida. If they


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don't manage to launch that day, there


00:11:55.440 --> 00:11:57.509
are backup opportunities on February


00:11:57.519 --> 00:12:00.710
12th and 13th. The crew 12 astronauts


00:12:00.720 --> 00:12:02.630
will join NASA Chris Williams and


00:12:02.640 --> 00:12:05.509
cosminauts Sergey Kuds Verskovv and


00:12:05.519 --> 00:12:08.790
Serge Mikayv as part of ISS expedition


00:12:08.800 --> 00:12:11.509
74 which will eventually transition to


00:12:11.519 --> 00:12:14.550
expedition 75 before the end of crew


00:12:14.560 --> 00:12:16.790
12's rotation. It's great to see the


00:12:16.800 --> 00:12:18.710
relief crew heading up sooner to help


00:12:18.720 --> 00:12:20.790
out the skeleton crew currently managing


00:12:20.800 --> 00:12:21.990
the station.


00:12:22.000 --> 00:12:24.949
>> Now for something truly mindbending.


00:12:24.959 --> 00:12:27.110
Astronomers have confirmed the first


00:12:27.120 --> 00:12:29.670
runaway super massive black hole, and


00:12:29.680 --> 00:12:32.150
it's leaving quite a trail behind it.


00:12:32.160 --> 00:12:35.030
>> This is wild stuff, Anna. The black hole


00:12:35.040 --> 00:12:37.829
was identified by a 200,000 light-year


00:12:37.839 --> 00:12:40.310
tail and a supersonic bow shock in the


00:12:40.320 --> 00:12:43.110
cosmic owl galaxy, which is actually a


00:12:43.120 --> 00:12:46.230
pair of ring galaxies about 8.8 billion


00:12:46.240 --> 00:12:48.949
lightyears away. The rings appear as owl


00:12:48.959 --> 00:12:50.870
eyes as they get closer and closer to


00:12:50.880 --> 00:12:53.670
merging. The research led by Peter von


00:12:53.680 --> 00:12:56.230
Dakam from Yale's astronomy department


00:12:56.240 --> 00:12:58.550
was confirmed using observations from


00:12:58.560 --> 00:13:01.430
the James Webb Space Telescope. The


00:13:01.440 --> 00:13:03.670
central proposal is that this linear


00:13:03.680 --> 00:13:06.150
feature is the wake behind a runaway


00:13:06.160 --> 00:13:08.790
super massive black hole and this is


00:13:08.800 --> 00:13:11.110
strongly supported by their analysis.


00:13:11.120 --> 00:13:12.470
>> But how does something weighing


00:13:12.480 --> 00:13:14.870
potentially millions or even billions of


00:13:14.880 --> 00:13:16.949
times the mass of our sun get kicked out


00:13:16.959 --> 00:13:19.750
of a galaxy? The answer lies in galaxy


00:13:19.760 --> 00:13:22.389
mergers. When big galaxies collide and


00:13:22.399 --> 00:13:24.389
merge, they force the black holes at


00:13:24.399 --> 00:13:26.150
their respective centers into close


00:13:26.160 --> 00:13:27.269
proximity.


00:13:27.279 --> 00:13:29.590
>> Right? If two black holes become locked


00:13:29.600 --> 00:13:31.829
in a gravitational dance and then a


00:13:31.839 --> 00:13:33.910
third crashes in from another emerging


00:13:33.920 --> 00:13:36.389
galaxy, the resulting instability can


00:13:36.399 --> 00:13:38.949
hurl one of the trio away at sufficient


00:13:38.959 --> 00:13:42.310
speed to exit the host galaxy entirely.


00:13:42.320 --> 00:13:43.829
This can happen through two main


00:13:43.839 --> 00:13:44.870
mechanisms.


00:13:44.880 --> 00:13:47.829
>> The first is gravitational wave recoil.


00:13:47.839 --> 00:13:49.910
When black holes merge, they emitate


00:13:49.920 --> 00:13:51.750
gravitational waves that can give the


00:13:51.760 --> 00:13:54.069
resulting black hole a velocity boost of


00:13:54.079 --> 00:13:56.870
up to several thousand km/s,


00:13:56.880 --> 00:13:58.629
propelling it away from the galactic


00:13:58.639 --> 00:13:59.350
center.


00:13:59.360 --> 00:14:01.509
>> The second mechanism is the classical


00:14:01.519 --> 00:14:04.069
slingshot scenario. In this case, a


00:14:04.079 --> 00:14:06.550
longived binary black hole forms through


00:14:06.560 --> 00:14:09.350
a merger of two galaxies. When a third


00:14:09.360 --> 00:14:11.350
super massive black hole is introduced


00:14:11.360 --> 00:14:13.670
in a second merger, the threebody


00:14:13.680 --> 00:14:15.829
interaction can eject one of the black


00:14:15.839 --> 00:14:17.990
holes, usually the lightest one.


00:14:18.000 --> 00:14:20.069
>> What's particularly striking about this


00:14:20.079 --> 00:14:22.389
confirmed runaway black hole is the


00:14:22.399 --> 00:14:24.629
trail it leaves behind. As the black


00:14:24.639 --> 00:14:26.870
hole plows through intergalactic space,


00:14:26.880 --> 00:14:28.949
it compresses tenuous gas in front of


00:14:28.959 --> 00:14:31.430
it, which precipitates the birth of hot


00:14:31.440 --> 00:14:34.550
blue stars. This creates a 200,000


00:14:34.560 --> 00:14:37.269
lightyear long contrail of young stars.


00:14:37.279 --> 00:14:39.509
The black hole also generates a bow


00:14:39.519 --> 00:14:41.269
shock at the head of this week.


00:14:41.279 --> 00:14:42.949
Something the researchers predicted


00:14:42.959 --> 00:14:45.430
based on shock models. From the ages of


00:14:45.440 --> 00:14:47.269
the stars in the trail, they deduced


00:14:47.279 --> 00:14:49.590
that the black hole escaped about 40


00:14:49.600 --> 00:14:51.509
million years ago and is barreling


00:14:51.519 --> 00:14:54.629
through space at roughly 1,600 km per


00:14:54.639 --> 00:14:55.350
second.


00:14:55.360 --> 00:14:57.350
>> To put that in perspective, that's fast


00:14:57.360 --> 00:14:59.509
enough to travel from Earth to the moon


00:14:59.519 --> 00:15:02.470
in about 14 minutes. It's an incredible


00:15:02.480 --> 00:15:05.189
speed for something so massive. Recent


00:15:05.199 --> 00:15:07.750
papers have shown images of surprisingly


00:15:07.760 --> 00:15:09.590
straight streaks of stars within


00:15:09.600 --> 00:15:11.829
galaxies that seem to be convincing


00:15:11.839 --> 00:15:14.310
evidence for runaway black holes. One


00:15:14.320 --> 00:15:16.710
paper describes a very distant galaxy


00:15:16.720 --> 00:15:18.949
imaged by James Webb with a bright


00:15:18.959 --> 00:15:21.110
contrail suggesting a black hole with a


00:15:21.120 --> 00:15:23.590
mass 10 million times the mass of the


00:15:23.600 --> 00:15:24.150
sun.


00:15:24.160 --> 00:15:26.069
>> It's a reminder that the universe is


00:15:26.079 --> 00:15:28.230
even more dynamic and violent than we


00:15:28.240 --> 00:15:30.550
often imagine. These behemoths aren't


00:15:30.560 --> 00:15:32.389
just sitting quietly at the centers of


00:15:32.399 --> 00:15:34.629
galaxies. Some of them are literally


00:15:34.639 --> 00:15:36.629
tearing through space, creating new


00:15:36.639 --> 00:15:37.829
stars in their wake.


00:15:37.839 --> 00:15:39.829
>> And finally, let's talk about an


00:15:39.839 --> 00:15:42.230
upcoming event that has both exciting


00:15:42.240 --> 00:15:45.110
scientific potential and some concerning


00:15:45.120 --> 00:15:49.910
risks. On December 22nd, 2032, asteroid


00:15:49.920 --> 00:15:54.310
2024 YR4 has a 4% chance of actually


00:15:54.320 --> 00:15:55.910
striking the moon.


00:15:55.920 --> 00:15:58.710
>> A 4% chance might not sound like much,


00:15:58.720 --> 00:16:01.350
but it's definitely non-negligible. If


00:16:01.360 --> 00:16:03.269
this collision does happen, it will


00:16:03.279 --> 00:16:05.110
release enough energy to be the


00:16:05.120 --> 00:16:07.110
equivalent of smacking our nearest


00:16:07.120 --> 00:16:09.110
neighbor with a medium-sized thermal


00:16:09.120 --> 00:16:11.670
nuclear weapon. It would be six orders


00:16:11.680 --> 00:16:13.829
of magnitude more powerful than the last


00:16:13.839 --> 00:16:15.990
major impact on the moon, which happened


00:16:16.000 --> 00:16:17.430
back in 2013.


00:16:17.440 --> 00:16:20.230
>> A new paper from Yeon Hei of Chin Wua


00:16:20.240 --> 00:16:21.990
University looks at the potential


00:16:22.000 --> 00:16:23.749
scientific opportunities if this


00:16:23.759 --> 00:16:25.910
collision occurs. And while they can


00:16:25.920 --> 00:16:27.990
simulate models of how the impact will


00:16:28.000 --> 00:16:30.389
go, monitoring it as it happens will


00:16:30.399 --> 00:16:32.870
provide never before collected actual


00:16:32.880 --> 00:16:35.189
data that's infeasible to get any other


00:16:35.199 --> 00:16:35.749
way.


00:16:35.759 --> 00:16:37.749
>> The impact would vaporize rock and


00:16:37.759 --> 00:16:39.910
plasma and would be clearly visible from


00:16:39.920 --> 00:16:41.990
the Pacific region where it will be


00:16:42.000 --> 00:16:44.629
nighttime during the impact. Even days


00:16:44.639 --> 00:16:46.710
after the impact, the melt pool of the


00:16:46.720 --> 00:16:49.269
impacted material will still be cooling,


00:16:49.279 --> 00:16:51.110
allowing infrared observers like the


00:16:51.120 --> 00:16:53.269
James Web Space Telescope to capture


00:16:53.279 --> 00:16:55.910
plenty of data. The impact should form a


00:16:55.920 --> 00:16:59.590
crater roughly 1 kilometer wide and 150


00:16:59.600 --> 00:17:03.749
to 260 m deep with a 100 meter pool of


00:17:03.759 --> 00:17:06.470
molten rock at the center. Comparing it


00:17:06.480 --> 00:17:08.309
in size to other craters scattered


00:17:08.319 --> 00:17:10.470
around the moon will help us understand


00:17:10.480 --> 00:17:12.309
its bombardment history.


00:17:12.319 --> 00:17:14.470
>> The impact will also set off a global


00:17:14.480 --> 00:17:17.510
moon quake of magnitude 5.0. That would


00:17:17.520 --> 00:17:19.750
be the strongest moonquake yet detected


00:17:19.760 --> 00:17:22.470
by any seismometer on the moon. Watching


00:17:22.480 --> 00:17:24.150
the propagation of the moonquake will


00:17:24.160 --> 00:17:26.470
shine a light on the moon's interior and


00:17:26.480 --> 00:17:28.069
help researchers understand its


00:17:28.079 --> 00:17:28.870
composition.


00:17:28.880 --> 00:17:30.470
>> And here's where it gets really


00:17:30.480 --> 00:17:32.630
spectacular. A final piece of the


00:17:32.640 --> 00:17:34.549
scientific puzzle will be the debris


00:17:34.559 --> 00:17:38.230
field created by the blast. Up to 400 kg


00:17:38.240 --> 00:17:41.029
of lunar material is expected to survive


00:17:41.039 --> 00:17:43.669
re-entry to Earth, creating essentially


00:17:43.679 --> 00:17:46.390
a free largecale lunar sample return


00:17:46.400 --> 00:17:48.230
mission. At its peak, right around


00:17:48.240 --> 00:17:51.590
Christmas of 2032, simulations expect up


00:17:51.600 --> 00:17:53.990
to 20 million meteors per hour to hit


00:17:54.000 --> 00:17:55.990
our atmosphere, at least on the leading


00:17:56.000 --> 00:17:57.990
edge of the planet. Most of them would


00:17:58.000 --> 00:17:59.909
have naked eye visibility, including


00:17:59.919 --> 00:18:03.510
some 100 to 400 fireballs per hour. But


00:18:03.520 --> 00:18:06.150
there is a downside to all of this. That


00:18:06.160 --> 00:18:09.430
400 kg of meteors has to land somewhere.


00:18:09.440 --> 00:18:11.190
And it looks like the crosshairs fall


00:18:11.200 --> 00:18:13.830
squarely on South America, North Africa,


00:18:13.840 --> 00:18:16.150
and the Arabian Peninsula. A few


00:18:16.160 --> 00:18:18.710
kilograms of space rock falling on Dubai


00:18:18.720 --> 00:18:20.630
could certainly cause some damage.


00:18:20.640 --> 00:18:22.470
>> Perhaps more dangerous is the risk of


00:18:22.480 --> 00:18:24.710
satellite mega constellations that play


00:18:24.720 --> 00:18:26.710
such an important role in our modern-day


00:18:26.720 --> 00:18:29.590
navigation and internet systems. Such an


00:18:29.600 --> 00:18:31.909
event could trigger Kesler syndrome and


00:18:31.919 --> 00:18:33.990
bring the entire network down over the


00:18:34.000 --> 00:18:36.470
span of a few short years while also


00:18:36.480 --> 00:18:38.230
locking us out from being able to get


00:18:38.240 --> 00:18:40.549
anything else safely into orbit for much


00:18:40.559 --> 00:18:43.029
longer. Due to the risks, some space


00:18:43.039 --> 00:18:44.950
agencies are already considering a


00:18:44.960 --> 00:18:46.710
deflection mission that would bump


00:18:46.720 --> 00:18:50.630
asteroid 2024 YR4 out of the way of a


00:18:50.640 --> 00:18:52.630
potential lunar collision. But that


00:18:52.640 --> 00:18:54.630
hasn't been set in stone yet. Neither


00:18:54.640 --> 00:18:57.510
has the actual impact itself with only a


00:18:57.520 --> 00:18:59.909
4% chance of happening. If the odds


00:18:59.919 --> 00:19:02.230
increase over the coming years, we as a


00:19:02.240 --> 00:19:04.150
species will have to decide whether it's


00:19:04.160 --> 00:19:07.110
worth it to deflect it or not. If we do,


00:19:07.120 --> 00:19:08.789
we might miss out on a whole bunch of


00:19:08.799 --> 00:19:11.270
cool science, but we also might save our


00:19:11.280 --> 00:19:13.350
entire orbital infrastructure and the


00:19:13.360 --> 00:19:14.950
few lives directly to boot.


00:19:14.960 --> 00:19:16.870
>> And that wraps up today's episode of


00:19:16.880 --> 00:19:19.190
Astronomy Daily. From Mercury's


00:19:19.200 --> 00:19:21.590
surprising activity to a possible lunar


00:19:21.600 --> 00:19:24.390
impact in our future, space continues to


00:19:24.400 --> 00:19:26.230
surprise and amaze us.


00:19:26.240 --> 00:19:27.990
>> Thanks for joining us today. For more


00:19:28.000 --> 00:19:30.230
space news and to explore our archive of


00:19:30.240 --> 00:19:31.909
episodes, visit our website at


00:19:31.919 --> 00:19:34.150
astronomydaily.io.


00:19:34.160 --> 00:19:36.230
You can also find us on social media at


00:19:36.240 --> 00:19:39.029
Astro Daily Pod on X, Facebook,


00:19:39.039 --> 00:19:40.470
Instagram, and YouTube.


00:19:40.480 --> 00:19:42.230
>> If you enjoyed today's show, please


00:19:42.240 --> 00:19:43.909
subscribe on your favorite podcast


00:19:43.919 --> 00:19:45.909
platform and leave us a review. It


00:19:45.919 --> 00:19:47.830
really helps other space enthusiasts


00:19:47.840 --> 00:19:48.630
find us.


00:19:48.640 --> 00:19:50.710
>> Until next time, keep looking up.


00:19:50.720 --> 00:19:53.270
>> Clear skies, everyone. Astronomy [music]


00:19:53.280 --> 00:19:55.510
day. [singing]


00:19:55.520 --> 00:20:03.430
Stories been told.


00:20:03.440 --> 00:20:11.753
Stories to tell.


00:20:11.763 --> 00:20:13.783
[singing]