Rocket Milestones, Celestial Eclipses, and Surprising Cosmic Findings

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Language: en

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welcome to astronomy daily your source


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for the latest and most exciting news in


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space exploration and astronomy I'm your


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host Anna and today we're diving into


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several fascinating developments from


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across the cosmos we've got a packed


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episode ahead covering everything from


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the space Force's certification of a new


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rocket for National Security launches to


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an upcoming partial solar eclipse that


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will Grace our skies this week we'll


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also explore a mysterious Galaxy that's


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challenging what we thought we knew


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about the early Universe check in on


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China's expanding satellite Network and


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learn how NASA's Europa Clipper will


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Scout potential Landing sites on one of


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the most promising worlds for finding


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extraterrestrial life so settle in as we


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journey through these captivating


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stories that remind us just how Dynamic


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and ever changing our understanding of


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space truly is the US space force has


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officially certified United launch


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alliance's Vulcan Centaur rocket for


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National Security missions after


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analyzing data from the vehicle's two


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certification launches that took place


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in January and October of


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2024 this Milestone announcement came on


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March 26th from the space forces space


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systems command marking the completion


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of a long awaited certification process


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space force Brigadier General Kristen


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panzenhagen who serves as the program


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executive officer for assured access to


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space emphasized the significance of


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this development noting that assured


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access to space is a core function of


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the space force and a critical element


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of National Security she added that the


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Vulcan certification adds launch


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capacity resiliency and flexibility


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needed for the nation's most critical


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space-based


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systems this certification is


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particularly notable as Ula now joins


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SpaceX as only the second provider


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certified to carry out launches under


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the National Security space launch


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program enhancing America's launch


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capabilities for sensitive military and


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intelligence payloads


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the path to certification wasn't without


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challenges the second Vulcan


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certification flight experienced an


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incident when the nozzle of one of its


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two solid rocket boosters fell off


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approximately half a minute after


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liftoff remarkably the vehicle


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compensated for the diminished thrust


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and still completed its Mission


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successfully ula's president and CEO Tor


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Bruno later explained that a


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manufacturing defect in an internal


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insulator part caused the nozzle


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separation and appropriate corrective


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action were implemented and verified


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through static fire testing looking


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ahead Ula has ambitious plans for their


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launch Cadence Bruno has indicated that


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the company is projecting a dozen


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launches this year split roughly evenly


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between their Atlas and Vulcan Rockets


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serving both National Security and


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Commercial missions the First National


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Security space launch mission on Vulcan


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is planned for this summer in North


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America Ula aims to establish a baseline


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tempo of two launches per month by the


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end of this year and performed 20


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launches in


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2025 Bruno noted that the company has


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been strategically stockpiling critical


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components such as B4 engines and solid


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rocket boosters to support this


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accelerated launch schedule this


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certification represents a significant


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advancement for America's space launch


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capabilities ensuring redundancy and


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resilience in the nation's ability to


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deploy critical National Security assets


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to


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orbit as Bruno remarked we're all staged


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up and ready and as spacecraft show up


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we'll be able to fly


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them what a difference a year makes just


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a year after Millions across North


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America witnessed the spectacular total


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solar eclipse on April 8th 2024 we're


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already preparing for another Celestial


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event mark your calendars for this


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Saturday March 29th 2025 when a partial


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solar eclipse will Grace our skies


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though with a notably different viewing


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audience this upcoming eclipse results


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from the moon's Shadow falling primarily


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on the north polar regions of Earth it's


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actually the second eclipse in less than


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a month coming just 2 weeks after the


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total lunar eclipse that occurred on


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March 13th


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14 this pattern is what astronomers call


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an eclipse season a roughly 37-day


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period when the alignment of the Sun and


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Moon can allow for eclipses to occur at


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both full and new moon phases for this


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March 29th event the moon will pass


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through the opposite node of its orbit


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compared to the lunar eclipse however


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the moon passes this node almost too


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early by the time it reaches new phase


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about 19 hours after crossing the


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ecliptic the axis of its shadow will


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pass well to the north of Earth the dark


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shadow cone or Umbra will completely


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miss our planet passing about 180 Mi


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above the North Pole this means no


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location on Earth will experience


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totality but instead the moon's outer


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Shadow the penumbra will create a


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partial eclipse VIs in varying degrees


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the eclipse will be visible across


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northwest Africa much of Europe


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excluding some Eastern sections


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Northwest Russia Iceland and Greenland


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parts of South America including


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Suriname French Guana and Amada in


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Brazil we see a small dent in the Sun at


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sunrise for North Americans visibility


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depends entirely on location if you draw


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a line from Oakville Ontario down to


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Virginia Beach Virginia areas west of


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this line won't see any part of the


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Eclipse those to the east however will


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catch at least a glimpse near Sunrise


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though maximum Eclipse will have already


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occurred before the Sun appears above


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the Horizon the farther north and east


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you go in North America the more


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impressive The View becomes in Baltimore


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the sun will rise with 7.8% of its


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diameter already eclipsed with the event


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ending Just 4 minutes later but


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residents of Northern New England and


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Atlantic Canada are in for a spectacular


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treat the town of mwasa in Far northern


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Maine will experience maximum Eclipse


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almost precisely at Sunrise with 88.2%


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of the Sun's diameter covered this will


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create the stunning visual effect of the


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sun appearing as a delicate Crescent


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with its points aimed nearly straight up


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resembling two lobster claws emerging


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from Beyond the Eastern Horizon similar


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impressive views await Atlantic Canada


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with Halifax seeing 85.6% coverage at


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7117 a.m. frederickton experiencing 87%


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at 719 a.m. and St John's reaching 85.4%


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at 752 a.m. as always with solar


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eclipses proper eye protection is


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essential unlike a total eclipse with


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its brief moments of totality a partial


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eclipse can be observed more leisurely


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but only through specially designed


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solar filters or eclipse


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glasses remember that looking at the sun


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without proper protection is extremely


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dangerous NASA's James web Space


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Telescope has made another


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groundbreaking discovery that's


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challenging our understanding of the


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early Universe an international team of


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astronomers has identified bright


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hydrogen emission from an incredibly


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distant Galaxy observed just 330 million


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years after the big bang a mere fraction


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of our universe's current 13.8 billion


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year age the Galaxy designated Jade's


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gsz 131 was first spotted in images


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taken by web's near infrared camera as


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part of the James web Space Telescope


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Advanced deep extragalactic survey


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researchers initially estimated its red


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shift a measure of how far the Galaxy's


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light has traveled and been stretched by


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the expansion of space at around 12.9 to


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confirm this extreme distance they then


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observed it using web's near infrared


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spectrograph instrument the resulting


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Spectrum not only confirmed the red


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shift at


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13.0 placing it firmly in the very early


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universe but also revealed something


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completely unexpected a distinctly


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bright wavelength of light known as


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Lyman Alpha emission radiating from


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hydrogen atoms this emission was Far


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stronger than scientists thought


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possible during this ancient


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epic what makes this finding so


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perplexing is that the early Universe


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was filled with a thick fog of neutral


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hydrogen gas this fog should have


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completely blocked such emissions until


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a process called reionization cleared it


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away a process that wasn't completed


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until about 1 billion years after the


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big bang yet here was Jadis gsz 131


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shining through this Cosmic fog more


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than 600 million years earlier than


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should be possible Roberto melino from


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the University of Cambridge and


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University College London explains why


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this is so


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significant gsz 131 is seen when the


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universe was only 330 million years old


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yet it shows a surprisingly clear


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Telltale signature of Lyman Alpha


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emission that can only be seen once the


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surrounding fog has fully lifted


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this result was totally unexpected by


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theories of early Galaxy formation and


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has caught astronomers by


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surprise before and during the


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reionization era the neutral hydrogen


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surrounding galaxies should have blocked


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any energetic ultraviolet light they


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emitted much like colored glass filters


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light until Enough stars had formed to


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ionize this hydrogen gas no such light


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including Lyman Alpha emission should


00:09:25.760 --> 00:09:28.670
have been able to escape and reach Earth


00:09:28.680 --> 00:09:30.430
we really should have found a Galaxy


00:09:30.440 --> 00:09:32.750
like this given our understanding of the


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way the universe has evolved says Kevin


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hanline from the University of


00:09:37.320 --> 00:09:39.430
Arizona we could think of the early


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universe as shrouded with a thick fog


00:09:41.640 --> 00:09:43.389
that would make it exceedingly difficult


00:09:43.399 --> 00:09:45.269
to find even powerful lighthouses


00:09:45.279 --> 00:09:47.829
peeking through yet here we see the beam


00:09:47.839 --> 00:09:50.350
of light from this galaxy piercing the


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veil scientists aren't yet certain what


00:09:52.839 --> 00:09:55.310
caused this unexpected emission but they


00:09:55.320 --> 00:09:58.269
have theories one possibility is that


00:09:58.279 --> 00:09:59.910
the Galaxy contains some of the


00:09:59.920 --> 00:10:02.550
universe's first generation of stars


00:10:02.560 --> 00:10:04.990
much more massive hotter and more


00:10:05.000 --> 00:10:08.470
luminous than stars formed later another


00:10:08.480 --> 00:10:10.670
explanation could be a powerful active


00:10:10.680 --> 00:10:12.509
Galactic nucleus driven by one of the


00:10:12.519 --> 00:10:15.269
first super massive black holes whatever


00:10:15.279 --> 00:10:17.590
the explanation this discovery opens


00:10:17.600 --> 00:10:18.990
exciting new questions about the


00:10:19.000 --> 00:10:21.230
earliest chapters of our Cosmic history


00:10:21.240 --> 00:10:23.949
and how the first stars and galaxies


00:10:23.959 --> 00:10:26.350
formed the research was published in the


00:10:26.360 --> 00:10:28.269
journal Nature marking another


00:10:28.279 --> 00:10:30.030
remarkable achievement for the web


00:10:30.040 --> 00:10:32.630
telescope as it continues to transform


00:10:32.640 --> 00:10:35.430
our understanding of the universe's


00:10:35.440 --> 00:10:37.670
Origins China has taken another


00:10:37.680 --> 00:10:39.350
significant step forward in its space


00:10:39.360 --> 00:10:41.230
infrastructure with the successful


00:10:41.240 --> 00:10:43.310
launch of a new Data Tracking and relay


00:10:43.320 --> 00:10:46.269
communication satellite the tenan


00:10:46.279 --> 00:10:50.150
24 lifted off on March 26th at 11:55


00:10:50.160 --> 00:10:52.310
a.m. eastern time from the XI Chong


00:10:52.320 --> 00:10:54.190
satellite launch Center in Southwest


00:10:54.200 --> 00:10:57.750
China aboard a long march 3B rocket the


00:10:57.760 --> 00:10:59.750
China Aerospace science and Technology


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Corporation or KSC announced the


00:11:02.200 --> 00:11:03.990
mission's success about an hour after


00:11:04.000 --> 00:11:06.230
liftoff while the launch was anticipated


00:11:06.240 --> 00:11:08.430
due to airspace closure notices the


00:11:08.440 --> 00:11:10.389
exact payload wasn't revealed until


00:11:10.399 --> 00:11:13.110
after the successful deployment tanan 2


00:11:13.120 --> 00:11:15.750
04 is now in geosynchronous transfer


00:11:15.760 --> 00:11:17.629
orbit and will eventually maneuver to


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take up its final position along the


00:11:19.360 --> 00:11:22.430
geostationary belt approximately


00:11:22.440 --> 00:11:26.590
35,7 186 km above earth's equator from


00:11:26.600 --> 00:11:28.910
this vantage point it will join China's


00:11:28.920 --> 00:11:31.069
second generation geostationary orbit


00:11:31.079 --> 00:11:32.949
data relay satellite


00:11:32.959 --> 00:11:34.870
constellation these satellites serve a


00:11:34.880 --> 00:11:36.509
critical function for China's Space


00:11:36.519 --> 00:11:38.470
Program providing data relay and


00:11:38.480 --> 00:11:40.629
Telemetry tracking and command services


00:11:40.639 --> 00:11:43.030
for the nation's crude spacecraft this


00:11:43.040 --> 00:11:44.790
includes supporting the tiangong space


00:11:44.800 --> 00:11:47.670
station and sheno spacecraft as well as


00:11:47.680 --> 00:11:49.389
assisting medium and low earth orbit


00:11:49.399 --> 00:11:51.590
satellites and launch operations the


00:11:51.600 --> 00:11:53.590
tianan network performs a role similar


00:11:53.600 --> 00:11:55.310
to NASA's tracking and data relay


00:11:55.320 --> 00:11:57.190
satellite system with satellites


00:11:57.200 --> 00:11:58.590
strategically positioned around


00:11:58.600 --> 00:12:00.670
geostationary orbit to provide nearly


00:12:00.680 --> 00:12:03.750
continuous coverage according to Cassie


00:12:03.760 --> 00:12:05.190
this newest addition to the fleet


00:12:05.200 --> 00:12:06.949
features several technical upgrades


00:12:06.959 --> 00:12:09.870
compared to its predecessor Klean


00:12:09.880 --> 00:12:13.509
23 which was launched in July 2022 these


00:12:13.519 --> 00:12:14.750
improvements include enhanced


00:12:14.760 --> 00:12:16.990
transmission capacity and faster


00:12:17.000 --> 00:12:19.470
response speeds aimed at meeting China's


00:12:19.480 --> 00:12:21.509
growing needs for data relay and


00:12:21.519 --> 00:12:23.509
tracking Services while also


00:12:23.519 --> 00:12:25.509
strengthening the autonomy and security


00:12:25.519 --> 00:12:28.509
of their second generation relay system


00:12:28.519 --> 00:12:30.509
the chanan program has a long history


00:12:30.519 --> 00:12:32.389
beginning with China's first tanan


00:12:32.399 --> 00:12:35.310
satellite launched in 2008 the earlier


00:12:35.320 --> 00:12:37.509
tanan 1 series satellites have now been


00:12:37.519 --> 00:12:39.230
moved to graveyard orbits above the


00:12:39.240 --> 00:12:41.550
geostationary belt while the newer


00:12:41.560 --> 00:12:44.470
generation continues active service like


00:12:44.480 --> 00:12:47.310
earlier satellites in the series tienan


00:12:47.320 --> 00:12:50.110
24 was developed by the China Academy of


00:12:50.120 --> 00:12:52.470
space technology a major spacecraft


00:12:52.480 --> 00:12:55.150
making Institute under Cass C this


00:12:55.160 --> 00:12:57.069
launch marks China's 15th orbital


00:12:57.079 --> 00:12:59.590
mission of 2025 demonst ating the


00:12:59.600 --> 00:13:01.829
country's increasingly ambitious Space


00:13:01.839 --> 00:13:04.069
Program with expanded space port


00:13:04.079 --> 00:13:06.710
capabilities ongoing Mega constellation


00:13:06.720 --> 00:13:09.110
projects and new launch Vehicles set to


00:13:09.120 --> 00:13:11.470
debut China could potentially Target


00:13:11.480 --> 00:13:13.750
around 100 or more launches this year


00:13:13.760 --> 00:13:15.470
far exceeding their previous National


00:13:15.480 --> 00:13:18.550
Record of 68 launches set last year the


00:13:18.560 --> 00:13:20.389
country's space agenda remains packed


00:13:20.399 --> 00:13:22.350
with other major upcoming missions


00:13:22.360 --> 00:13:25.269
including the sheno 20 and 21 crude


00:13:25.279 --> 00:13:27.790
flights to the Chang gong space station


00:13:27.800 --> 00:13:29.870
and the Chan 2 near Earth asteroid


00:13:29.880 --> 00:13:32.389
sample return Mission expected to launch


00:13:32.399 --> 00:13:33.509
around


00:13:33.519 --> 00:13:35.870
May let's move a bit further out into


00:13:35.880 --> 00:13:38.710
space now looking ahead to one of NASA's


00:13:38.720 --> 00:13:41.430
most anticipated deep space missions new


00:13:41.440 --> 00:13:44.150
research presented at the 2025 lunar and


00:13:44.160 --> 00:13:46.230
planetary science conference has


00:13:46.240 --> 00:13:48.030
revealed how the Europa Clipper will


00:13:48.040 --> 00:13:49.949
help identify potential Landing sites


00:13:49.959 --> 00:13:51.910
for a future mission to Jupiter's icy


00:13:51.920 --> 00:13:54.350
moon this strategic reconnaissance


00:13:54.360 --> 00:13:56.230
capability could prove crucial for the


00:13:56.240 --> 00:13:59.269
next phase of exploring this ocean world


00:13:59.279 --> 00:14:01.269
the Europa Clipper scheduled to reach


00:14:01.279 --> 00:14:04.269
the Jovian system in April 2030 will


00:14:04.279 --> 00:14:06.350
follow a complex orbital pattern around


00:14:06.360 --> 00:14:09.470
Jupiter performing 49 close flybys of


00:14:09.480 --> 00:14:12.230
Europa unlike Mars orbiters that follow


00:14:12.240 --> 00:14:14.590
relatively simple circular paths the


00:14:14.600 --> 00:14:17.430
Clipper can't orbit Europa directly due


00:14:17.440 --> 00:14:19.230
to Jupiter's intense radiation


00:14:19.240 --> 00:14:21.189
environment which would damage the


00:14:21.199 --> 00:14:23.269
spacecraft instead it will follow


00:14:23.279 --> 00:14:25.110
carefully designed looping orbits that


00:14:25.120 --> 00:14:27.470
minimize radiation exposure while still


00:14:27.480 --> 00:14:29.949
allowing close study of the Moon


00:14:29.959 --> 00:14:31.829
planetary geologist Jennifer Scully and


00:14:31.839 --> 00:14:33.389
her team at NASA's jet propulsion


00:14:33.399 --> 00:14:35.509
laboratory have carefully assessed which


00:14:35.519 --> 00:14:37.350
of these flybys would be most suitable


00:14:37.360 --> 00:14:39.710
for identifying future Landing sites


00:14:39.720 --> 00:14:42.030
they determined that any recable flyby


00:14:42.040 --> 00:14:44.430
must meet three key requirements proper


00:14:44.440 --> 00:14:45.910
lighting conditions with the surface in


00:14:45.920 --> 00:14:47.990
sunlight specific incidence angles


00:14:48.000 --> 00:14:50.710
between 30 and 60° and an altitude of


00:14:50.720 --> 00:14:53.389
approximately 50 to 100 km to ensure


00:14:53.399 --> 00:14:55.550
appropriate image resolution without


00:14:55.560 --> 00:14:58.350
blurring based on these criteria the


00:14:58.360 --> 00:15:00.990
researchers identified 12 flybys as


00:15:01.000 --> 00:15:05.470
fully Recon and another 13 as supporting


00:15:05.480 --> 00:15:08.350
most notably a flyby designated e19


00:15:08.360 --> 00:15:09.990
stands out as particularly valuable for


00:15:10.000 --> 00:15:12.430
landing site selection its ground track


00:15:12.440 --> 00:15:15.430
extends over 700 km and covers a


00:15:15.440 --> 00:15:17.430
fascinating transition between europa's


00:15:17.440 --> 00:15:20.389
ridged Plains and a region called pois


00:15:20.399 --> 00:15:23.389
Regio one of the moon's mysterious chaos


00:15:23.399 --> 00:15:25.430
terrains where the surface appears


00:15:25.440 --> 00:15:27.670
jumbled and disrupted potentially


00:15:27.680 --> 00:15:30.389
offering clues about the ocean beneath


00:15:30.399 --> 00:15:32.350
the Europa Clipper sophisticated Europa


00:15:32.360 --> 00:15:34.710
Imaging system with its narrow and wide-


00:15:34.720 --> 00:15:37.150
angle cameras will collect crucial data


00:15:37.160 --> 00:15:39.629
for what's known as terrain relative


00:15:39.639 --> 00:15:41.710
navigation this is the same guidance


00:15:41.720 --> 00:15:43.509
system that allowed NASA's perseverance


00:15:43.519 --> 00:15:46.030
Rover to safely navigate to its Landing


00:15:46.040 --> 00:15:49.269
site on Mars a future Europa Lander


00:15:49.279 --> 00:15:51.550
would use these detailed surface images


00:15:51.560 --> 00:15:53.829
combined with real-time camera data to


00:15:53.839 --> 00:15:56.509
guide itself safely to the surface the


00:15:56.519 --> 00:15:58.069
researchers note that their current


00:15:58.079 --> 00:16:00.309
assessments are based on older data from


00:16:00.319 --> 00:16:02.790
the Galileo Mission and rankings will


00:16:02.800 --> 00:16:05.189
likely change once the Europa Clipper


00:16:05.199 --> 00:16:07.430
begins returning high resolution


00:16:07.440 --> 00:16:09.949
images some potential Landing areas


00:16:09.959 --> 00:16:11.550
haven't even been photographed at high


00:16:11.560 --> 00:16:13.670
resolution yet highlighting just how


00:16:13.680 --> 00:16:15.269
much we still have to discover about


00:16:15.279 --> 00:16:17.910
this intriguing World This research


00:16:17.920 --> 00:16:20.030
provides a critical road map for Mission


00:16:20.040 --> 00:16:22.670
planners as they prepare for the Europa


00:16:22.680 --> 00:16:24.949
Clippers operations in the


00:16:24.959 --> 00:16:27.829
2030s and lay groundwork for what could


00:16:27.839 --> 00:16:29.629
eventually become human human's first


00:16:29.639 --> 00:16:32.790
landing on an ocean World beyond


00:16:32.800 --> 00:16:35.509
Earth and that wraps up today's episode


00:16:35.519 --> 00:16:38.030
of astronomy daily from the space force


00:16:38.040 --> 00:16:40.230
certifying ula's Vulcan rocket to the


00:16:40.240 --> 00:16:42.749
upcoming partial solar eclipse web's


00:16:42.759 --> 00:16:44.949
surprising discovery of Ancient Light


00:16:44.959 --> 00:16:47.309
China's new data relay satellite and the


00:16:47.319 --> 00:16:49.350
Europa Clippers mission to scout Landing


00:16:49.360 --> 00:16:51.829
sites on Jupiter's ocean Moon we've


00:16:51.839 --> 00:16:53.749
journeyed across the solar system and


00:16:53.759 --> 00:16:56.309
beyond I'm Anna and it's been my


00:16:56.319 --> 00:16:58.030
pleasure to bring you these fascinating


00:16:58.040 --> 00:17:00.790
stories from across the cosmos whether


00:17:00.800 --> 00:17:02.590
you're a seasoned astronomer or just


00:17:02.600 --> 00:17:04.270
curious about what lies beyond our


00:17:04.280 --> 00:17:06.549
atmosphere I hope you've enjoyed today's


00:17:06.559 --> 00:17:09.350
Cosmic update visit our website at


00:17:09.360 --> 00:17:11.710
astronomy daily. where you can sign up


00:17:11.720 --> 00:17:13.630
for our free daily newsletter and listen


00:17:13.640 --> 00:17:16.230
to all our episodes you can also find us


00:17:16.240 --> 00:17:18.470
on social media just search for Astro


00:17:18.480 --> 00:17:22.069
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00:17:22.079 --> 00:17:24.789
and Tik Tok until next time keep looking


00:17:24.799 --> 00:17:35.310
up


00:17:35.320 --> 00:17:38.800
to St


00:17:38.810 --> 00:17:45.170
[Music]