Quantum Light, Expanding Universes & Black Hole Mysteries: #502 - Answering Your Most Intriguing...

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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hi there thanks for joining us on a Q&A


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edition of Space Nuts my name is Andrew


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Dunley it's always good to have your


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company thanks for joining us all right


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uh what are we doing today we're


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answering audience questions from all


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around the place well mainly Australia


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but one from New Orleans asking about


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black holes and plasma


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bursts uh and Jordy wants to know where


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his food is we're also talking about the


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minimum temperature of space the effect


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of gas on light and the starshot mission


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that's all coming up in this edition of


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Space Nuts 15 seconds guidance is


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internal 10 9 ignition sequence start


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Space Nuts 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 5 Space


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Nuts asut reported feels good and


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joining us along with Jordy not jonty


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Jordy uh it's Professor Fred Watson


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astronomer at large hello Fred hello


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Andrew uh yes John um J J's in the


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back J's


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not yeah Jordi the dog J the que he's um


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he's always welcome on the show always


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welcome on the show yeah he had a good


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walk with me this morning good F I'm


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sure he did um now you're so tall and


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he's so small I bet his legs go 20 to


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the Dozen quite cute to watch be like a


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little wind


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up it's what he's like yeah absolutely


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oh gosh um now I I we we we've got some


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questions a couple of texts and a couple


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of audio now I must uh preempt this by


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saying I had an ey check this morning


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and I had to have my pupils dilated


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right now what I'm looking at is


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absolute gobbly cook and it's very hard


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for me to read so please do you want me


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to read it I have I'll give it a go give


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it a go yeah everything's it's all


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double vision and


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blurry um but anyway let's let's see


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what uh happens this this question comes


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from Jim in New Orleans I read where the


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Hubble telescope last fall I assume you


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mean Autumn for the people in the rest


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of the world um I read where the Hubble


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telescope last fall observed what


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appeared to be a plasma beam of 3,000


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light years emanating from the black


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hole at the center of Galaxy m87 doing


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well so far uh that black hole was


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estimated to be 6.5


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billion solar masses I realize that


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questions concerning black holes are


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rather rare on the podcast however I


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understand that when a plasma cools on


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Earth it can either return to its


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original original gaseous Elemental


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state or it can potentially reform into


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completely different elements given the


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near absolute zero temperatures in space


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I believe that at some point the plasma


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beam from uh black hole uh at the black


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hole at m87 will eventually cool rather


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than being cursed as the ultimate


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destroyer of matter in the universe


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perhaps black holes should be considered


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the ultimate Recyclers of matter instead


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love the podcast uh all the best cheers


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Jim in New


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Orleans uh is he on the money well it's


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an interesting question yes uh I mean I


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think he's he's right in the sense that


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the plasma when it cools um will


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will uh essentially turn you know but


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what's a plasma a plasma is an ionized


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gas so it's a gas with an electrical


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charge it's an electrified gas yeah when


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it loses its charge it basically stays


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the same gas uh but is cooler uh now the


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completely different elements idea would


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involve nuclear processes uh because


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that's the only way you can change the


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elements despite what the what the


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Alchemists used to try and do you can do


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it with accelerators and it may well be


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that the conditions in some plasmas like


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the one from the m87 black hole maybe


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they do um have collisions between the


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uh the ionized atoms uh that are of such


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high energy that you might split them or


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something of that sort I'm not familiar


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with that because I'm not a particle


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physicist but in that regard yes if that


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happens you've got nice recycling


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process which um you know is what goes


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on in the nuclear reactor as well uh but


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nice to hear from your Jim glad you're


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enjoying the podcast too yeah um there's


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so much happening when it comes to black


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holes I mean there's just yes you know


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it's not just the plasma it's it's


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um you know the hunger if I use that


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term black holes are they get the


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munchies they probably smoke too much


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pot um


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that what happens when you smoke too


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much part apparently I've been told yeah


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yeah a medical paper


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once I spent a lot of time reading those


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um but yeah they're very active um parts


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of the the universe and there's so much


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we know that they do but we don't know


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so much more about them and uh we've


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only in recent times been able to image


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them yep not so much photographs but uh


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it was infrared wasn't it it's radio


00:05:32.880 --> 00:05:35.510
signals and the Event Horizon telescope


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that's right and that's where this image


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comes from that that Jim's talking about


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okay so um yeah the and and we get so


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very many questions about them they


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they're one of the great


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Mysteries um sorry and I'll just correct


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what I just said uh the the Hubble


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telescope is certainly um what observed


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that plasma beam uh but m87 of course


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has had its its structure imaged by The


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Event Horizon telescope sorry just just


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correcting myself there that's okay it's


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all good thank you Jim uh appreciate the


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question H our next question comes from


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one of our regulars uh buddy we'll see


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what he's got on his mind this time well


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hello space nuts this is Buddy from


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Morgan all right guys um I got one more


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good one I'll leave you alone for a


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while uh is the minimum temperature of


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space like in the dark uh is that going


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to get lower as the universe spreads out


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and if so is that going to affect how


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things R in the universe react like is


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that going to


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make hydrogen or you know like turn


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into a liquid or something um all right


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thanks


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guys uh thank you buddy um so as the


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universe is expanding is the minimum


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temperature of space going to get lower


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and what effect might that have on the


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elements I think that's sort of the


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pricey that's a nice pricey and uh Bud's


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rice it is getting lower oh uh so uh the


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minimum temperature of space


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is essentially the temperature uh that


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we record from the cosmic background


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radiation which is 2.7 de above absolute


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zero uh so 2.7 de Kelvin is the temp


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temperature of space uh and uh if you


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think about what that temperature was


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when the universe was much younger than


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it is


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now uh certainly in the aftermath of the


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big bang that temperature was you know


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five six 7,000 degrees Kelvin so as the


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universe has expanded that temperature


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has fallen and so that 2.7 degrees is


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what we have now and as the universe


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continues to expand it will continue to


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cool but not at a r that would ever be


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detectable by human instruments but it


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is cooling um whether that changes the


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you know the circumstances of clouds of


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gas or whatever is a different question


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and I suspect the answer is no uh it may


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you know it would have a superficial


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effect uh but I don't think it's got any


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really fundamental effect on the makeup


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of the of the cosmos okay um let's focus


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on the the Kelvin scale for a moment uh


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it's it's a measure of temperature based


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on the absolute absolute zero lowest


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temperature that that's right so and the


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and that temperature is defined by being


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the temperature at which all motion of


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atoms stops right so temperature is


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vibration of atoms so as a solid gets


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warmer the atoms vibrate more as a


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liquid gets warmer the atoms sort of


00:09:01.240 --> 00:09:03.590
slush around more and as a gas gets


00:09:03.600 --> 00:09:07.110
warmer the atoms whiz around much faster


00:09:07.120 --> 00:09:09.870
uh in in space so um the three states of


00:09:09.880 --> 00:09:14.030
matter there uh that's that's to say


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that um uh at at Zer degrees Kelvin uh


00:09:18.640 --> 00:09:21.990
all Atomic motion stops okay and we know


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it's Absolut zero I think um some Modern


00:09:25.120 --> 00:09:27.230
Laboratories have got within a gazillion


00:09:27.240 --> 00:09:28.870
of a degree of absolute zero but it's


00:09:28.880 --> 00:09:30.430
one of those things you can never


00:09:30.440 --> 00:09:33.110
actually reach uh and and get something


00:09:33.120 --> 00:09:35.269
that's whose atoms have stopped as far


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as I know um I might be wrong there they


00:09:36.920 --> 00:09:38.230
might be physics Laboratories where


00:09:38.240 --> 00:09:40.069
that's actually been done right well if


00:09:40.079 --> 00:09:41.990
you have yeah chances are if you did


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achieve it you'd never get home from


00:09:43.959 --> 00:09:46.509
work quite you wouldn't be able to


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move to move yeah yeah so so obviously


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this is a dumb question but um if you


00:09:54.160 --> 00:09:56.870
like when you freeze a tray of ice in


00:09:56.880 --> 00:09:58.590
your fridge you got an oldfashioned


00:09:58.600 --> 00:09:59.990
fridge like me with you have to actually


00:10:00.000 --> 00:10:01.550
get the thing out fill it with water and


00:10:01.560 --> 00:10:05.710
put it in wait we do that too yeah um


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that's not absolute zero there's so


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there's still movement yeah in the atoms


00:10:10.880 --> 00:10:12.590
in the atoms yes that's right even


00:10:12.600 --> 00:10:15.110
though the The Ice looks pretty inert uh


00:10:15.120 --> 00:10:18.630
the fact that it's probably uh well


00:10:18.640 --> 00:10:22.509
absolute zero is minus 273 degrees C so


00:10:22.519 --> 00:10:24.790
if you're cooling it down to you know


00:10:24.800 --> 00:10:26.910
minus33 or something then you've still


00:10:26.920 --> 00:10:31.150
got another 260° P to go before you get


00:10:31.160 --> 00:10:33.030
to absolute zero so there's still plenty


00:10:33.040 --> 00:10:34.990
of movement in the atoms of your ice


00:10:35.000 --> 00:10:37.509
yeah what about out in the depths of the


00:10:37.519 --> 00:10:40.829
solar system where the ice is so cold


00:10:40.839 --> 00:10:44.150
that it's rock the same as rock here is


00:10:44.160 --> 00:10:46.470
that is that anywhere near absolute zero


00:10:46.480 --> 00:10:51.310
it's about um uh minus 190 on the


00:10:51.320 --> 00:10:54.269
surface of Titan which is where ice is


00:10:54.279 --> 00:10:56.230
certainly effectively Rock it's as hard


00:10:56.240 --> 00:10:59.509
as rock uh hard as Granite I think was


00:10:59.519 --> 00:11:01.949
the way jonty described it last week


00:11:01.959 --> 00:11:05.190
yeah um but even then you're still you


00:11:05.200 --> 00:11:08.509
know 83 degrees away from absolute zero


00:11:08.519 --> 00:11:11.470
wow it's a very very cold temperature


00:11:11.480 --> 00:11:16.430
sure is um yeah I I it's hard to imagine


00:11:16.440 --> 00:11:17.990
that kind of cold when the temperature


00:11:18.000 --> 00:11:20.150
outside here gets to 9 degrees that's


00:11:20.160 --> 00:11:22.310
enough for me


00:11:22.320 --> 00:11:26.790
yes yeah yeah uh so just to clarify one


00:11:26.800 --> 00:11:31.150
more point point um so absolute zero


00:11:31.160 --> 00:11:33.990
even though the universe is cooling


00:11:34.000 --> 00:11:36.069
absolute zero is still absolute zero


00:11:36.079 --> 00:11:38.670
that's not going to water that's right


00:11:38.680 --> 00:11:40.590
yes that's right and and the universe


00:11:40.600 --> 00:11:43.069
isn't at that temperature yet it's 2.7


00:11:43.079 --> 00:11:45.910
degrees above it still okay yeah and


00:11:45.920 --> 00:11:48.310
that's the leftover heat of the Big Bang


00:11:48.320 --> 00:11:51.710
right but it's slowly diminishing is as


00:11:51.720 --> 00:11:54.150
the universe expands that's right but it


00:11:54.160 --> 00:11:56.030
could take a while to get down could it


00:11:56.040 --> 00:11:57.110
ever get


00:11:57.120 --> 00:11:59.990
down it it will probably as time you


00:12:00.000 --> 00:12:02.269
know if the universe carries on behaving


00:12:02.279 --> 00:12:04.910
as it does now uh as it continues to


00:12:04.920 --> 00:12:06.949
expand yep the temperature will continue


00:12:06.959 --> 00:12:10.949
to go down uh it will never reach


00:12:10.959 --> 00:12:13.350
absolute zero it might approach it


00:12:13.360 --> 00:12:15.189
asymptotically which means it gets


00:12:15.199 --> 00:12:17.470
nearer and nearer but takes longer and


00:12:17.480 --> 00:12:20.550
longer to do that right okay very


00:12:20.560 --> 00:12:23.310
interesting great question bud thanks


00:12:23.320 --> 00:12:25.189
sending it in good to hear from you as


00:12:25.199 --> 00:12:28.150
always this is Space Nuts Andrew Dunley


00:12:28.160 --> 00:12:30.590
here with professor Fred


00:12:30.600 --> 00:12:33.350
Watson let's take a short break from


00:12:33.360 --> 00:12:35.550
Space Nuts to tell you about our sponsor


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SPAC nuts you'll be very glad you did


00:14:28.000 --> 00:14:34.230
I'm sure now back to the show 3 2 1


00:14:34.240 --> 00:14:37.269
Space Nuts now if my eyes do not deceive


00:14:37.279 --> 00:14:39.069
me I have a text question in front of me


00:14:39.079 --> 00:14:40.829
or it could just be a message from my


00:14:40.839 --> 00:14:44.470
wife that I probably shouldn't read uh


00:14:44.480 --> 00:14:47.310
no it's a question we know that light


00:14:47.320 --> 00:14:49.389
travels at slightly different speeds in


00:14:49.399 --> 00:14:51.990
different mediums uh we also see


00:14:52.000 --> 00:14:54.590
different mediums affect light via


00:14:54.600 --> 00:14:57.150
refraction since this is somewhat


00:14:57.160 --> 00:14:59.470
related to the density of gas can


00:14:59.480 --> 00:15:03.150
pressure affect this uh if we go to the


00:15:03.160 --> 00:15:05.670
extreme case is it possible for enough


00:15:05.680 --> 00:15:09.670
pressure of a gas I assume cloud or or


00:15:09.680 --> 00:15:12.189
enough pressure over a gas in general to


00:15:12.199 --> 00:15:14.870
push back on light itself and stop it


00:15:14.880 --> 00:15:17.269
that comes from Jacob in Western


00:15:17.279 --> 00:15:19.910
Australia um I assume Western Australia


00:15:19.920 --> 00:15:21.749
it could be an American state that has


00:15:21.759 --> 00:15:23.870
the abbreviation wa I believe there is


00:15:23.880 --> 00:15:28.430
one so could be either but um I this


00:15:28.440 --> 00:15:31.069
reminds me of an experiment they did not


00:15:31.079 --> 00:15:33.829
so long ago where they actually did


00:15:33.839 --> 00:15:36.790
claim to have stopped light yeah that's


00:15:36.800 --> 00:15:40.990
right um it's so you can stop photons um


00:15:41.000 --> 00:15:45.309
and I'm not sure about the mechanism


00:15:45.319 --> 00:15:47.670
that is used to do that it's not just


00:15:47.680 --> 00:15:50.189
pressure um there's more to it than that


00:15:50.199 --> 00:15:52.949
I think it involves basically grabbing


00:15:52.959 --> 00:15:56.189
hold of photons using optical


00:15:56.199 --> 00:15:59.749
tweezers uh to stop the light uh and so


00:15:59.759 --> 00:16:01.829
you can stop light it's been done


00:16:01.839 --> 00:16:03.990
exactly as you've said Andrew but it's


00:16:04.000 --> 00:16:06.309
not just pressure pressures does have an


00:16:06.319 --> 00:16:08.629
interesting I mean it does affect the


00:16:08.639 --> 00:16:11.389
gas so refraction the refraction of gas


00:16:11.399 --> 00:16:14.030
is invent is uh affected by the pressure


00:16:14.040 --> 00:16:19.430
of the gas um what also is affected is


00:16:19.440 --> 00:16:22.189
if you send light of a single


00:16:22.199 --> 00:16:25.309
wavelength through a gas at high


00:16:25.319 --> 00:16:28.269
pressure um it will spread into adjacent


00:16:28.279 --> 00:16:29.430
wavelengths


00:16:29.440 --> 00:16:31.910
uh it means that you know the way we see


00:16:31.920 --> 00:16:34.509
it is as a spectrum line if you send


00:16:34.519 --> 00:16:36.509
that light through a through a rain


00:16:36.519 --> 00:16:39.230
sorry a a prism or something like that


00:16:39.240 --> 00:16:40.990
uh you'll end up with a single line of


00:16:41.000 --> 00:16:43.230
light corresponding to that color which


00:16:43.240 --> 00:16:46.430
corresponds to a certain wavelength


00:16:46.440 --> 00:16:48.990
pressure actually broadens that and so


00:16:49.000 --> 00:16:52.189
these lines become wider uh the process


00:16:52.199 --> 00:16:55.030
is called guess what pressure broadening


00:16:55.040 --> 00:16:57.309
uh and um and that's what um that's what


00:16:57.319 --> 00:17:00.910
we see uh and that's actually how we can


00:17:00.920 --> 00:17:04.150
use uh light from stars to measure the


00:17:04.160 --> 00:17:06.590
pressure in the atmosphere of the star


00:17:06.600 --> 00:17:11.829
uh by how much the line line of light is


00:17:11.839 --> 00:17:16.990
broadened okay okay all right um I I was


00:17:17.000 --> 00:17:18.909
just reading something that um because


00:17:18.919 --> 00:17:20.590
we we were talking about the fact that


00:17:20.600 --> 00:17:22.990
they have stopped light in a


00:17:23.000 --> 00:17:27.630
lab um the way they did it was um they


00:17:27.640 --> 00:17:31.150
used a as you said a special medium um


00:17:31.160 --> 00:17:34.070
like a cloud of ultra cold atoms yes


00:17:34.080 --> 00:17:37.150
that's right who trap the lights photons


00:17:37.160 --> 00:17:39.230
and it effectively brought the light to


00:17:39.240 --> 00:17:42.070
a complete standstill for a brief period


00:17:42.080 --> 00:17:44.590
and that was work that was pioneered by


00:17:44.600 --> 00:17:47.750
physicists um lean


00:17:47.760 --> 00:17:52.669
how uh from the Bose Einstein


00:17:52.679 --> 00:17:56.310
um condensate condensate condensate yeah


00:17:56.320 --> 00:17:58.830
condensate so yes my eyes out work


00:17:58.840 --> 00:18:00.750
working yeah well you're doing well


00:18:00.760 --> 00:18:02.909
actually you're doing very well if I the


00:18:02.919 --> 00:18:03.990
eyes that you've got at the moment I


00:18:04.000 --> 00:18:05.350
couldn't read any of the stuff that


00:18:05.360 --> 00:18:08.070
you're looking at um a Bose Einstein


00:18:08.080 --> 00:18:09.830
condenser is


00:18:09.840 --> 00:18:14.430
basically uh a it say peculiar state of


00:18:14.440 --> 00:18:16.430
matter where it behaves as a single


00:18:16.440 --> 00:18:17.549
Quantum


00:18:17.559 --> 00:18:20.750
object uh so you know you you put all


00:18:20.760 --> 00:18:22.270
the atoms together and they all behave


00:18:22.280 --> 00:18:24.510
like one object it's a bit like


00:18:24.520 --> 00:18:27.190
entanglement right it's headachy stuff


00:18:27.200 --> 00:18:30.549
isn't it it is yeah a very heada


00:18:30.559 --> 00:18:33.510
yeah um we gave jonty a lot of headaches


00:18:33.520 --> 00:18:37.070
while he was oh good well that's good he


00:18:37.080 --> 00:18:39.710
complain keep every time he


00:18:39.720 --> 00:18:43.190
was constantly having headaches um all


00:18:43.200 --> 00:18:46.270
right uh so we covered Jacob's question


00:18:46.280 --> 00:18:49.710
effectively I hope so um it's really all


00:18:49.720 --> 00:18:51.430
I've got to say about it unless you want


00:18:51.440 --> 00:18:55.270
to throw in a couple of Oh no you're


00:18:55.280 --> 00:18:56.630
getting into the realm of Science


00:18:56.640 --> 00:18:58.270
Fiction if you asked me to start talking


00:18:58.280 --> 00:18:59.710
about


00:18:59.720 --> 00:19:01.750
that's all right that's perfectly


00:19:01.760 --> 00:19:06.350
acceptable thanks Jacob uh great


00:19:06.360 --> 00:19:08.390
question okay we checked all four


00:19:08.400 --> 00:19:12.029
systems and It Go space Nets and our


00:19:12.039 --> 00:19:15.950
final question today comes from Ash in


00:19:15.960 --> 00:19:18.590
Brisbane Fred and Andrew ash from


00:19:18.600 --> 00:19:19.630
Brisbane


00:19:19.640 --> 00:19:22.789
here got a bit of a mind B agressive for


00:19:22.799 --> 00:19:25.230
you I'm just wondering if we were to


00:19:25.240 --> 00:19:28.310
take one of the Breakthrough star shot


00:19:28.320 --> 00:19:29.789
micro spacecraft that we're going to


00:19:29.799 --> 00:19:32.870
send through D centor but launch it 90


00:19:32.880 --> 00:19:34.909
degre to the plane of our


00:19:34.919 --> 00:19:37.830
galaxy how far and for how long would it


00:19:37.840 --> 00:19:39.549
have to travel before it could look back


00:19:39.559 --> 00:19:41.470
and see what our galaxy looks like from


00:19:41.480 --> 00:19:43.590
the outside interested to hear your


00:19:43.600 --> 00:19:47.070
thoughts see you guys love the show bye


00:19:47.080 --> 00:19:49.190
thank you Ash uh I'm thinking that


00:19:49.200 --> 00:19:51.549
question came from one of


00:19:51.559 --> 00:19:54.630
the um hypotheticals that were thrown at


00:19:54.640 --> 00:19:57.830
us recently asking if we could go


00:19:57.840 --> 00:19:59.190
anywhere in the


00:19:59.200 --> 00:20:01.430
universe and look at something what


00:20:01.440 --> 00:20:03.630
would it be and and your answer was to


00:20:03.640 --> 00:20:05.669
go outside our galaxy and look back at


00:20:05.679 --> 00:20:07.789
it and see what it really looked like


00:20:07.799 --> 00:20:09.990
yeah that's right I think that's where


00:20:10.000 --> 00:20:13.110
that one's come from yeah so if starshot


00:20:13.120 --> 00:20:15.310
was able to do that uh how long would it


00:20:15.320 --> 00:20:18.789
take to get out there far enough for us


00:20:18.799 --> 00:20:21.070
to be able to look back and go oh look


00:20:21.080 --> 00:20:22.950
there's our oh gosh we need to take the


00:20:22.960 --> 00:20:26.029
garbage out


00:20:26.039 --> 00:20:29.270
um um so uh


00:20:29.280 --> 00:20:32.669
the answer rather remarkably Andrew is a


00:20:32.679 --> 00:20:35.390
number that you quoted in our last


00:20:35.400 --> 00:20:38.990
400,000 years that's


00:20:39.000 --> 00:20:41.710
right so I'm doing that as a calculation


00:20:41.720 --> 00:20:46.470
in my head so star shot is the it's


00:20:46.480 --> 00:20:49.149
breakthrough star shot is still just a


00:20:49.159 --> 00:20:52.270
concept uh investigator that the idea


00:20:52.280 --> 00:20:54.270
with the project breakthrough star shot


00:20:54.280 --> 00:20:56.350
was to look at the possibilities of


00:20:56.360 --> 00:20:58.830
accelerating a spacecraft smaller than


00:20:58.840 --> 00:21:01.950
your mobile phone uh to something like a


00:21:01.960 --> 00:21:04.230
quarter of the speed of light so that


00:21:04.240 --> 00:21:08.710
you get to Alpha centu maybe in um


00:21:08.720 --> 00:21:12.310
rather than in you know 4.3 years um you


00:21:12.320 --> 00:21:14.149
get there in 16 years or something like


00:21:14.159 --> 00:21:16.630
that 4.3 years is how long it would take


00:21:16.640 --> 00:21:19.750
for light to get to us yeah uh you could


00:21:19.760 --> 00:21:21.549
do it in 16 years if you were traveling


00:21:21.559 --> 00:21:23.909
at four times quarter of the speed of


00:21:23.919 --> 00:21:26.310
light with conventional Rockets it takes


00:21:26.320 --> 00:21:28.190
about 60,000 years so that's the


00:21:28.200 --> 00:21:29.430
difference


00:21:29.440 --> 00:21:31.510
so if you all right so you accelerate


00:21:31.520 --> 00:21:33.190
your spacecraft to a quarter of the


00:21:33.200 --> 00:21:35.510
speed of light I reckon you need to be


00:21:35.520 --> 00:21:38.029
100,000 light years above the plane to


00:21:38.039 --> 00:21:40.070
see our galaxy in all its Splendor


00:21:40.080 --> 00:21:42.750
because that's its diameter it's 100,000


00:21:42.760 --> 00:21:45.750
light years in diameter so you you know


00:21:45.760 --> 00:21:50.110
push back um push out 400,000 100,000


00:21:50.120 --> 00:21:52.350
light years you'll see the whole thing


00:21:52.360 --> 00:21:54.669
um at a quarter of the speed of light


00:21:54.679 --> 00:21:56.590
that's going to take you 400,000 years


00:21:56.600 --> 00:22:00.510
so it's not a quick trip no no and um


00:22:00.520 --> 00:22:02.950
yeah it it makes it very hard to um to


00:22:02.960 --> 00:22:06.230
arrange really because time it's there


00:22:06.240 --> 00:22:08.070
no one all remembered


00:22:08.080 --> 00:22:11.750
it why it was sent what it was and then


00:22:11.760 --> 00:22:14.070
of course it sends back the photo it's


00:22:14.080 --> 00:22:17.070
800 years 800,000 years yeah that's


00:22:17.080 --> 00:22:20.630
right no um actually it's not it's no


00:22:20.640 --> 00:22:21.470
it's


00:22:21.480 --> 00:22:23.390
500,000 because because the light


00:22:23.400 --> 00:22:25.549
travels back at you know speed of light


00:22:25.559 --> 00:22:27.430
speed of light of course half a million


00:22:27.440 --> 00:22:29.110
half a million years for the the full


00:22:29.120 --> 00:22:30.870
mission yeah that's doable I think


00:22:30.880 --> 00:22:33.310
Andrew don't you oh you


00:22:33.320 --> 00:22:36.789
know I I'm I'm a fairly patient person


00:22:36.799 --> 00:22:39.310
I'm just sure I'm patient that patient


00:22:39.320 --> 00:22:42.350
enough for that no me neither do you


00:22:42.360 --> 00:22:46.110
think star shot will happen though no um


00:22:46.120 --> 00:22:48.549
I think I think the results that are


00:22:48.559 --> 00:22:50.950
coming out are promising uh but the star


00:22:50.960 --> 00:22:54.230
shot is only a project to investigate


00:22:54.240 --> 00:22:56.909
whether it's feasible uh so that will


00:22:56.919 --> 00:22:58.710
wind up then somebody's got to put the


00:22:58.720 --> 00:23:01.950
money in yeah to not just build the


00:23:01.960 --> 00:23:04.630
spacecraft which is probably quite cheap


00:23:04.640 --> 00:23:07.510
because it's small uh but to arrange for


00:23:07.520 --> 00:23:09.909
that myar light sale that's going to


00:23:09.919 --> 00:23:12.110
catch the Light of the laser and the Big


00:23:12.120 --> 00:23:15.909
Ticket item is the laser itself yeah we


00:23:15.919 --> 00:23:17.510
currently don't have a laser that's


00:23:17.520 --> 00:23:19.789
anywhere near powerful enough uh to


00:23:19.799 --> 00:23:22.029
accelerate something to the quarter of


00:23:22.039 --> 00:23:26.510
the speed of light which leads me to um


00:23:26.520 --> 00:23:28.190
a question without notice because we've


00:23:28.200 --> 00:23:30.590
actually I think in recent weeks or


00:23:30.600 --> 00:23:33.110
months had two or three questions


00:23:33.120 --> 00:23:37.350
directly related to sending a mission to


00:23:37.360 --> 00:23:41.830
Alpha centur using laser guided


00:23:41.840 --> 00:23:44.510
spacecraft um this this is not science


00:23:44.520 --> 00:23:47.750
fiction this is this is feasible yeah


00:23:47.760 --> 00:23:50.310
and and doable uh we've been doing all


00:23:50.320 --> 00:23:51.950
sorts of experiments with spacecraft


00:23:51.960 --> 00:23:54.029
sitting send sending up wooden


00:23:54.039 --> 00:23:56.750
satellites and things like that but but


00:23:56.760 --> 00:23:59.310
this would probably be


00:23:59.320 --> 00:24:01.510
one of the most efficient ways to send a


00:24:01.520 --> 00:24:04.990
long haul spacecraft to another place


00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:06.750
yeah so so you're quite right it is


00:24:06.760 --> 00:24:08.909
doable it's feasible yeah uh but you


00:24:08.919 --> 00:24:10.549
need the technology which we don't have


00:24:10.559 --> 00:24:14.590
at the moment and um I mean we should


00:24:14.600 --> 00:24:17.149
put a footnote in that it has been done


00:24:17.159 --> 00:24:19.190
there as light sell experiments have


00:24:19.200 --> 00:24:22.070
already been done uh in orbit around the


00:24:22.080 --> 00:24:24.789
Earth just by the spacecraft deploying a


00:24:24.799 --> 00:24:28.950
very large sheet of myar uh and the the


00:24:28.960 --> 00:24:31.070
ground controllers noticing the change


00:24:31.080 --> 00:24:33.190
in the acceleration of the spacecraft as


00:24:33.200 --> 00:24:35.510
a result of that that's that's been done


00:24:35.520 --> 00:24:36.830
and I think you and I covered it


00:24:36.840 --> 00:24:40.070
actually on one of the shows um so so


00:24:40.080 --> 00:24:43.870
the principle Works uh light sale that's


00:24:43.880 --> 00:24:47.669
a principle that will actually work well


00:24:47.679 --> 00:24:51.029
uh but for the kind of figures that you


00:24:51.039 --> 00:24:52.870
were talking about sending a spacecraft


00:24:52.880 --> 00:24:56.830
to alha centor you need such a big laser


00:24:56.840 --> 00:24:59.029
uh that we we simply don't at the moment


00:24:59.039 --> 00:25:02.549
and it may even you might even have to


00:25:02.559 --> 00:25:05.350
uh put it into orbit around the Earth


00:25:05.360 --> 00:25:06.590
because if you had it on the ground it


00:25:06.600 --> 00:25:08.149
might fry the atmosphere or something


00:25:08.159 --> 00:25:10.230
like that oh that would be fun yeah yeah


00:25:10.240 --> 00:25:13.269
it would yeah we do yeah we really need


00:25:13.279 --> 00:25:14.789
that


00:25:14.799 --> 00:25:18.350
um yeah I I love that it's feasible uh I


00:25:18.360 --> 00:25:21.950
I I have a a sneaking suspicion that we


00:25:21.960 --> 00:25:23.430
could never do it out of Australia


00:25:23.440 --> 00:25:24.990
because of electricity prices and you're


00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:27.190
talking about leaving a light on for 16


00:25:27.200 --> 00:25:28.990
years I mean let's face it yes and it's


00:25:29.000 --> 00:25:31.029
a big light too not feasible in


00:25:31.039 --> 00:25:34.510
Australia not not not with what we pay


00:25:34.520 --> 00:25:36.149
for we get a


00:25:36.159 --> 00:25:38.710
bill um another thing that uh has


00:25:38.720 --> 00:25:41.190
fascinated me in recent times uh and I


00:25:41.200 --> 00:25:43.510
read a couple stories like this when you


00:25:43.520 --> 00:25:47.669
were a away FR was uh the uh the ongoing


00:25:47.679 --> 00:25:50.669
development into new engine technology


00:25:50.679 --> 00:25:52.830
for space travel and I know NASA has


00:25:52.840 --> 00:25:54.909
been working on something called the


00:25:54.919 --> 00:26:00.350
deep space engine it's a um um it's a


00:26:00.360 --> 00:26:03.149
Thruster uh that is showing a heck of a


00:26:03.159 --> 00:26:06.510
lot of Promise uh in terms of its power


00:26:06.520 --> 00:26:08.830
uh it's a lowcost chemical compound


00:26:08.840 --> 00:26:11.070
engine uh it's


00:26:11.080 --> 00:26:13.510
lightweight uh and it promises to do


00:26:13.520 --> 00:26:15.149
some pretty amazing things if they can


00:26:15.159 --> 00:26:17.230
perfect it there's the we we're on the


00:26:17.240 --> 00:26:20.830
cusp of probably achieving breakthrough


00:26:20.840 --> 00:26:23.510
technology in terms of speed and and


00:26:23.520 --> 00:26:25.909
Long Haul space travel by the sound of


00:26:25.919 --> 00:26:28.750
it yeah I think we covered


00:26:28.760 --> 00:26:32.350
um some stories last year about the new


00:26:32.360 --> 00:26:34.430
Iron drives and plasma drives and things


00:26:34.440 --> 00:26:38.029
like that all very promising yeah I yeah


00:26:38.039 --> 00:26:39.789
I think it's uh it's a pretty exciting


00:26:39.799 --> 00:26:42.029
time and uh there's a lot of development


00:26:42.039 --> 00:26:43.590
going on a lot of money being poured


00:26:43.600 --> 00:26:46.590
into it because there are rewards to be


00:26:46.600 --> 00:26:50.630
gained if you can get out there yeah and


00:26:50.640 --> 00:26:52.510
you probably don't like the idea but


00:26:52.520 --> 00:26:55.789
they you know we've already spoken about


00:26:55.799 --> 00:26:57.750
uh in the last episode or two about


00:26:57.760 --> 00:27:00.710
asteroids mining that's a um that's a


00:27:00.720 --> 00:27:03.950
mission test that's been um well as we


00:27:03.960 --> 00:27:06.470
talked about in the previous episode has


00:27:06.480 --> 00:27:08.950
fallen foul unfortunately but that


00:27:08.960 --> 00:27:10.350
that's just the beginning that's just


00:27:10.360 --> 00:27:12.389
going to be it will continue on and of


00:27:12.399 --> 00:27:15.389
course mining the moon for that um that


00:27:15.399 --> 00:27:17.029
that mineral that's not so common on


00:27:17.039 --> 00:27:19.029
Earth can't remember the name of it


00:27:19.039 --> 00:27:21.070
something called water I think no no


00:27:21.080 --> 00:27:22.710
there's something El there something


00:27:22.720 --> 00:27:25.630
else up there that they well helium 3 is


00:27:25.640 --> 00:27:28.750
things that's it so there's a lot going


00:27:28.760 --> 00:27:33.230
on and um yeah I'm sorry to say that uh


00:27:33.240 --> 00:27:35.149
profits probably the driving force


00:27:35.159 --> 00:27:37.789
behind it in the end that's right it's a


00:27:37.799 --> 00:27:40.549
very human thing to do


00:27:40.559 --> 00:27:44.190
yep essentially all right thank you Ash


00:27:44.200 --> 00:27:46.190
uh thanks for the question great to hear


00:27:46.200 --> 00:27:48.110
from you and don't forget if you've got


00:27:48.120 --> 00:27:49.590
questions for us you're always welcome


00:27:49.600 --> 00:27:53.110
to send them to us via our website Space


00:27:53.120 --> 00:27:56.350
Nuts podcast.com or SPAC


00:27:56.360 --> 00:27:59.029
nuts. and you just click on the little


00:27:59.039 --> 00:28:00.789
thing at the top called amaama now I


00:28:00.799 --> 00:28:02.549
know some time ago someone said can you


00:28:02.559 --> 00:28:04.470
change it to something else so that we


00:28:04.480 --> 00:28:06.750
know where to send


00:28:06.760 --> 00:28:09.789
questions still working on that not sure


00:28:09.799 --> 00:28:11.190
where that's up to I'll have to check


00:28:11.200 --> 00:28:13.669
with you in the studio as to where


00:28:13.679 --> 00:28:16.110
that's up to but uh yeah the AMA button


00:28:16.120 --> 00:28:17.870
at the top is the one you click on when


00:28:17.880 --> 00:28:19.389
you click on that which I'm doing right


00:28:19.399 --> 00:28:22.630
now you can send it a text question just


00:28:22.640 --> 00:28:24.350
um with your name email address and the


00:28:24.360 --> 00:28:27.190
message or you can click start recording


00:28:27.200 --> 00:28:29.750
if you've got a a device with a


00:28:29.760 --> 00:28:32.350
microphone it's really quite simple and


00:28:32.360 --> 00:28:34.230
while you're on the website um just


00:28:34.240 --> 00:28:38.350
randomly click on all I don't know


00:28:38.360 --> 00:28:41.190
shop speaking about profitable humans


00:28:41.200 --> 00:28:43.470
and look at all the Space Nuts


00:28:43.480 --> 00:28:45.470
paraphernalia you can get stickers you


00:28:45.480 --> 00:28:47.950
can get t-shirts you can get mugs you


00:28:47.960 --> 00:28:51.669
can get uh polo shirts dad hats bucket


00:28:51.679 --> 00:28:53.950
hats uh for those of you that live in


00:28:53.960 --> 00:28:56.710
those Northern cold latitudes um you can


00:28:56.720 --> 00:28:58.630
get a rib beanie


00:28:58.640 --> 00:29:01.070
all with the Space Nuts Space Nuts logo


00:29:01.080 --> 00:29:04.190
you can even get Space Nuts socks I need


00:29:04.200 --> 00:29:05.710
one of those beanies for the next time


00:29:05.720 --> 00:29:08.110
we go the Arctic yes


00:29:08.120 --> 00:29:10.549
yes when we when we're up above the


00:29:10.559 --> 00:29:12.070
Arctic later this year even though it'll


00:29:12.080 --> 00:29:13.870
be summer the temperatures that we don't


00:29:13.880 --> 00:29:16.509
get down to here in Winter essentially


00:29:16.519 --> 00:29:19.310
so we've bought e muffs so we should get


00:29:19.320 --> 00:29:21.870
some space nuts e muffs I reckon uh


00:29:21.880 --> 00:29:23.830
there's also the uh the Space Nuts


00:29:23.840 --> 00:29:26.990
hoodie that that's a fun item you if you


00:29:27.000 --> 00:29:28.669
know if you want to scare people


00:29:28.679 --> 00:29:30.669
not just space nut but you got a space


00:29:30.679 --> 00:29:34.029
nut hoodie on that'll freak people


00:29:34.039 --> 00:29:37.110
out yeah so that's all on the Space Nuts


00:29:37.120 --> 00:29:38.710
website and plenty of other things to


00:29:38.720 --> 00:29:40.110
see and do there and if you want to


00:29:40.120 --> 00:29:42.590
become a Space Nuts supporter you can do


00:29:42.600 --> 00:29:45.149
that on the Space Nuts Space Nuts


00:29:45.159 --> 00:29:47.389
website as well and thank you to all of


00:29:47.399 --> 00:29:50.230
our patrons uh we um we think you are


00:29:50.240 --> 00:29:53.590
awesome U thanks for getting behind


00:29:53.600 --> 00:29:57.149
us uh and did I say goodbye Fred I'm not


00:29:57.159 --> 00:29:59.590
sure whether you got there not thank you


00:29:59.600 --> 00:30:00.230
Fred


00:30:00.240 --> 00:30:02.110
[Laughter]


00:30:02.120 --> 00:30:04.710
nice good to talk to you Andrew and we


00:30:04.720 --> 00:30:07.190
shall speak again soon we will indeed


00:30:07.200 --> 00:30:08.870
and uh that's Professor Fred Watson


00:30:08.880 --> 00:30:10.509
astronomer at large and thanks to H in


00:30:10.519 --> 00:30:12.950
the studio who couldn't be with us today


00:30:12.960 --> 00:30:14.909
because he actually thought star shot


00:30:14.919 --> 00:30:17.789
was real and um he went bought a


00:30:17.799 --> 00:30:20.750
ticket only it cost him a million bucks


00:30:20.760 --> 00:30:23.110
so he's out doing his second and third


00:30:23.120 --> 00:30:25.149
job to pay it off from me Andrew Dunley


00:30:25.159 --> 00:30:26.269
thanks for your coming in catch you on


00:30:26.279 --> 00:30:28.149
the next episode of Space Nuts until


00:30:28.159 --> 00:30:29.509
then


00:30:29.519 --> 00:30:32.230
bye-bye you been listening to the Space


00:30:32.240 --> 00:30:33.909
Nuts


00:30:33.919 --> 00:30:36.950
podcast available at Apple podcasts


00:30:36.960 --> 00:30:39.950
Spotify iHeart radio or your favorite


00:30:39.960 --> 00:30:42.230
podcast player you can also stream on


00:30:42.240 --> 00:30:44.950
demand at bites.com this has been


00:30:44.960 --> 00:30:47.350
another quality podcast production from


00:30:47.360 --> 00:30:50.159
bites.com