Planetary Defense Initiatives, Cosmic Neutrinos, and Lunar Glass Homes: S04E38

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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[Music]


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from asteroids threatening Earth to


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Innovative space stations and


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groundbreaking astronomical discoveries


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today's episode is packed with


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fascinating developments in space


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exploration and astronomy we'll be


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diving into China's new planetary


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Defense Initiative in response to a


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potential asteroid threat examining


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spectacular new images from the James


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web Space Telescope that are


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revolutionizing our understanding of


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Planet formation and exploring the


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progress of an ambitious private space


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station project


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we'll also discuss the detection of the


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most powerful Cosmic nutrino ever


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observed check in on NASA's latest


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progress with the Roman Space Telescope


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and look at an Innovative New Concept


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for lunar habitats that could change how


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we think about living on the moon stay


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with me as we explore these remarkable


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developments that are shaping the future


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of space exploration and our


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understanding of the cosmos let's get


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started in a significant development


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from Beijing China has EST established a


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dedicated planetary defense team in


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response to Growing concerns about


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asteroid 2024 yr4 the European Space


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Agency recently announced that this


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neear object has a 2.2% probability of


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impacting our planet in


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2032 placing it at the top of their risk


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list while these odds might seem small


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they're significant enough to Warrant


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serious attention from space agencies


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worldwide the asteroid first spotted by


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the University of Hawaii's Institute of


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astronomy in late December is estimated


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to be between 40 and 90 M wide to put


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this in perspective while not Planet


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threatening an impact from an object


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this size could cause significant local


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damage particularly if it were to strike


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a populated area China's State


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administration of science technology and


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Industry for National Defense isn't


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taking any chances they've begun


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recruiting Specialists to study asteroid


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monitoring and develop early Warning


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Systems their approach appears to mirror


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successful strategies we've seen before


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particularly NASA's Dart Mission which


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successfully demonstrated asteroid


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deflection capabilities in


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2022 what's particularly interesting


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about China's response is their proposed


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defense method they're considering a


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kinetic impact approach similar to Dart


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where a spacecraft would deliberately


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crash into the asteroid to alter its


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trajectory this shows how the success of


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NASA's Dart Mission has influenced


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planetary defense strategies globally


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it's worth noting that while the threat


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from 2024 yr4 requires monitoring the


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current impact Corridor is quite wide


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and astronomers will be able to refine


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their calculations as they gather more


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data the European Space Agency continues


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to provide regular updates on the


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asteroids movements and multiple space


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agencies are collaborating to track its


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path and develop potential mitigation


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strategies this situation perfectly


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illustrates how planetary defense has


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evolved from science fiction to a very


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real and necessary field field of


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international cooperation in space


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science the threat of asteroid impacts


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is one that affects our entire planet


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making it a unique Catalyst for


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international collaboration in


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space next up today the James web Space


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Telescope has given us our most detailed


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look yet at planets being born around a


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distant star offering an unprecedented


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glimpse into the process of planetary


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formation the star system in question


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PDS 70 located about 370 light years


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away has already made history as the


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site of the first directly imaged


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protoplanet using an Innovative


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observational technique called aperture


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masking interferometry jwst near


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infrared imager has revealed fascinating


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new details about the two known planets


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in the system PDS 70b and PDS


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70c the telescope observed these young


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Worlds at longer wavelengths than ever


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before detecting more light than


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previous observations could account for


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what makes this discovery particularly


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exciting is the evidence of warm


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material surrounding both planets


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suggesting the presence of


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circumplanetary


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diss these are essentially miniature


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versions of the disk that surrounds the


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parent star and they're actively feeding


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material onto the growing planets it's


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like watching a cosmic feeding freny in


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action with both the star and its


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planets competing for the available


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material the star itself is remarkably


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young only about 5.4 million years old


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practically a toddler in Stellar terms


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this gives a strong astronomers a rare


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opportunity to witness planetary


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formation as it happens rather than


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trying to piece together the process


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from studying mature


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systems but perhaps the most intriguing


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aspect of these observations is the


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possible detection of a third planet in


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the system tentatively called PDS 70


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days while this potential new world


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appears to have different


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characteristics from its siblings its


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exact nature remains to be confirmed if


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verified this would make PDS 70 and even


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more valuable laboratory for studying


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how planetary systems form and evolve


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these observations are providing crucial


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insights into our own solar systems


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history when we look at PDS 70 we're


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essentially seeing a family photo of


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what our Cosmic neighborhood might have


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looked like billions of years ago when


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earth and its neighboring planets were


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still in their formative


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stages in exciting developments for


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commercial space exploration vast space


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is making significant strides with their


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ambitious Haven one space station


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project the company recently achieved a


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crucial Milestone successfully


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completing qualification testing of


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their station test article in Mojave


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California with launch planned for no


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earlier than May 2026 aboard a SpaceX


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Falcon 9 rocket Haven 1 represents a


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bold step toward private space station


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development this initial station while


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modest in size is designed as a Proving


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Ground for vasts larger Ambitions Haven


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1 will host Crews of four for for


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approximately 2 we stays with plans for


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three to four different crew rotations


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during its operational lifetime of 2 to


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3 years the station's design prioritizes


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efficiency with careful consideration


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given to everything from crew


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consumables to structural Integrity


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looking Beyond Haven 1 vast has even


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more ambitious plans with Haven 2 which


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they hope will serve as a partial


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replacement for the International Space


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Station after its planned retirement in


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2030 this larger station would feature


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multiple modules each capable of


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operating independently providing


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redundancy and flexibility that current


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space stations don't have what sets


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vasts approach apart is their commitment


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to Rapid development and in-house


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manufacturing at their Long Beach


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facility they're producing components in


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days that would typically take months


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through traditional Supply chains this


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strategy allows them to iterate quickly


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and maintain tight control over their


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development timeline the company has


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also planned ahead for testing critical


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systems with a 500 kg demonstration


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satellite set to launch on an upcoming


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SpaceX ride share Mission this


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preliminary Mission will validate key


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technologies that will be used in Haven


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1 helping to reduce risk before the full


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station


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launches vast progress represents a


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significant milestone in the


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commercialization of low earth orbit


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potentially ushering in a new era where


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private companies play an increasingly


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important role in Humanity's presence in


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space their success ESS could help


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ensure continuous human presence in


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orbit after the iss's retirement marking


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a crucial transition in space


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exploration


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history in more exciting news today


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scientists have recently detected a


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cosmic neutrino that has completely


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shattered previous energy records


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plunging into the Mediterranean Sea with


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an astonishing energy of 220 million


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billion electron volts this remarkable


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particle was observed by the cubic


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kilometer neutrino telescope or km3 n


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and packs roughly 20 times more energy


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than any previously detected Cosmic


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nutrino what makes this discovery


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particularly fascinating is that it


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occurred when km3 NE was only partially


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constructed with just 21 of its planned


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230 sensor cables in place the detector


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managed to catch this extraordinary


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event the odds of detecting a neutrino


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of this caliber are estimated at once


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every 70 years making this observation


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even more remarkable for those wondering


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why neutrinos are so important to


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astronomers these ghostly particles


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serve as Cosmic Messengers they can


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travel vast distances through space


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virtually undisturbed carrying


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information about some of the most


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powerful phenomena in our universe such


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as super massive black holes and Other


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Extreme Cosmic events the detection


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itself occurred when this ultra high


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energy neutrino interacted with matter


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near the detector creating a mu particle


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that produced tale flashes of blue light


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by analyzing the timing and brightness


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of these flashes scientists could


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determine both the particle's path and


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its unprecedented energy level while


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pinpointing the exact origin of this


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remarkable particle has proved


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challenging scientists have identified


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12 potential Source candidates in the


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region of sky where it originated most


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of these candidates are active Galactic


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nuclei the bright cores of galaxies


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where super massive black holes are


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consuming vast amounts of matter there's


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also the Intriguing possibility that


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this could be the first observed


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cosmogenic nutrino created by the


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interaction of ultra high energy cosmic


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rays with the cosmic microwave


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background radiation left over from The


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Big Bang this discovery opens new


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possibilities for understanding the most


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energetic phenomena in our universe and


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with more neutrino telescopes under


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construction worldwide including


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expansions to existing facilities we may


00:09:52.480 --> 00:09:54.389
soon unlock even more secrets about


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these fascinating particles and their


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Cosmic


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Origins NASA's n Grace Roman Space


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Telescope project has reached a


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significant Milestone with the


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successful integration of its Deployable


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aperture cover essentially a


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sophisticated sun shade that will be


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crucial to the telescope's operation


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think of it as the ultimate blackout


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curtain designed to prevent unwanted


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light from interfering with the


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telescope's observations of the cosmos


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the sun shade itself is a Marvel of


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engineering constructed with two layers


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of reinforced thermal blankets separated


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by about an inch of space one of these


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layers is even reinforced with Kevlar


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the same material used in bulletproof


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vests providing protection against


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potential microm meteoroid impacts in


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Space the Dual layer design ensures that


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even if one layer is compromised the


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telescope's observations won't be


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affected the integration process took


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place at NASA's garded space flight


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center where technicians carefully


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joined the sun shade to the telescope's


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outer Barrel assembly this outer


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structure serves multiple purposes


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helping to maintain a stable temperature


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for the telescope


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while also providing additional


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protection against stray light and


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microm meteoroid impacts what makes this


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sun shade particularly interesting is


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its deployment mechanism during launch


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it will remain folded up but once in


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space three booms Will Spring upward


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electronically unfurling the sun shade


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like a page in a popup book given that


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the system was designed for zero gravity


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conditions testing on Earth required


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special equipment to offset the effects


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of our planet's gravity the successful


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integration marks a transition from the


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fabrication stage to the final assembly


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and testing phase the team will now


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subject these combined components to


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Thermal vacuum testing to ensure they


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can handle the extreme temperature


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variations and pressure conditions of


00:11:45.800 --> 00:11:48.509
space followed by vibration testing to


00:11:48.519 --> 00:11:50.310
verify their ability to withstand the


00:11:50.320 --> 00:11:51.990
intense forces of


00:11:52.000 --> 00:11:54.590
launch the Roman Space Telescope remains


00:11:54.600 --> 00:11:57.870
on schedule for completion by Fall 2026


00:11:57.880 --> 00:11:59.870
with a launch planned no no later than


00:11:59.880 --> 00:12:00.949
May


00:12:00.959 --> 00:12:04.030
2027 once operational it will join


00:12:04.040 --> 00:12:06.190
Humanity's growing Fleet of space


00:12:06.200 --> 00:12:08.550
observatories helping us peer deeper


00:12:08.560 --> 00:12:10.710
into the mysteries of our universe with


00:12:10.720 --> 00:12:12.470
unprecedented


00:12:12.480 --> 00:12:14.870
clarity as we plan for a permanent human


00:12:14.880 --> 00:12:16.870
presence on the moon one of the most


00:12:16.880 --> 00:12:19.069
crucial challenges we face is creating


00:12:19.079 --> 00:12:21.590
suitable living spaces for future lunar


00:12:21.600 --> 00:12:24.069
inhabitants a fascinating New Concept


00:12:24.079 --> 00:12:25.870
has emerged that could revolutionize


00:12:25.880 --> 00:12:28.590
lunar architecture spherical habitats


00:12:28.600 --> 00:12:31.230
made from BL glass this Innovative


00:12:31.240 --> 00:12:34.310
approach developed by Dr Martin Bermudez


00:12:34.320 --> 00:12:36.670
has caught NASA's attention earning


00:12:36.680 --> 00:12:38.550
funding through their Institute for


00:12:38.560 --> 00:12:41.350
advanced concepts program picture a


00:12:41.360 --> 00:12:43.750
gleaming glass sphere rising from the


00:12:43.760 --> 00:12:46.189
lunar surface large enough to house


00:12:46.199 --> 00:12:48.350
dozens of astronauts while providing


00:12:48.360 --> 00:12:50.990
both living and work areas while it


00:12:51.000 --> 00:12:52.910
might sound like science fiction the


00:12:52.920 --> 00:12:55.030
concept leverages materials already


00:12:55.040 --> 00:12:57.430
present on the moon lunar regolith


00:12:57.440 --> 00:12:59.189
contains most of the raw materials


00:12:59.199 --> 00:13:01.069
needed to create these structures


00:13:01.079 --> 00:13:03.069
including natural glass-like formations


00:13:03.079 --> 00:13:05.430
called autonat created by microm


00:13:05.440 --> 00:13:08.310
meteoroid impacts the construction


00:13:08.320 --> 00:13:11.069
process would use argon gas initially


00:13:11.079 --> 00:13:13.710
transported from Earth to blow the glass


00:13:13.720 --> 00:13:16.110
into its spherical shape the vacuum


00:13:16.120 --> 00:13:17.829
environment of the Moon actually makes


00:13:17.839 --> 00:13:20.269
this easier than it would be on earth


00:13:20.279 --> 00:13:22.310
requiring less pressure to expand the


00:13:22.320 --> 00:13:24.509
structure the glass itself wouldn't be


00:13:24.519 --> 00:13:26.590
typical window glass but rather a


00:13:26.600 --> 00:13:28.710
sophisticated lattice embedded with


00:13:28.720 --> 00:13:31.230
titanium tum or aluminum for added


00:13:31.240 --> 00:13:33.750
strength to protect against the constant


00:13:33.760 --> 00:13:36.269
threat of micrometeoroid impacts the


00:13:36.279 --> 00:13:38.550
design incorporates multiple layers of


00:13:38.560 --> 00:13:40.829
glass with argon filled spaces between


00:13:40.839 --> 00:13:43.389
them similar to Double glazed windows on


00:13:43.399 --> 00:13:45.750
Earth the spherical shape itself


00:13:45.760 --> 00:13:48.030
provides an advantage as it naturally


00:13:48.040 --> 00:13:50.470
distributes impact forces better than


00:13:50.480 --> 00:13:53.110
flat surfaces would the potential


00:13:53.120 --> 00:13:55.310
applications extend beyond the moon


00:13:55.320 --> 00:13:56.870
similar structures could be built on


00:13:56.880 --> 00:13:59.110
Mars particularly in high altitude


00:13:59.120 --> 00:14:01.150
locations like Olympus Mons where the


00:14:01.160 --> 00:14:03.069
thin atmosphere would pose less of an


00:14:03.079 --> 00:14:05.069
erosion risk they could even be


00:14:05.079 --> 00:14:07.069
constructed on asteroids where the


00:14:07.079 --> 00:14:08.629
microgravity environment would make the


00:14:08.639 --> 00:14:11.430
building process even simpler while


00:14:11.440 --> 00:14:13.990
significant technical challenges remain


00:14:14.000 --> 00:14:15.870
this Innovative approach represents a


00:14:15.880 --> 00:14:18.110
promising Fusion of functionality and


00:14:18.120 --> 00:14:19.550
Aesthetics in space


00:14:19.560 --> 00:14:21.829
architecture it's a reminder that as we


00:14:21.839 --> 00:14:24.350
push the boundaries of space exploration


00:14:24.360 --> 00:14:26.110
we're not just solving technical


00:14:26.120 --> 00:14:28.550
problems we're designing the homes where


00:14:28.560 --> 00:14:30.749
future generations of Space Explorers


00:14:30.759 --> 00:14:33.230
will live and


00:14:33.240 --> 00:14:35.550
work and that's it for today's episode


00:14:35.560 --> 00:14:37.069
thanks for being with us on astronomy


00:14:37.079 --> 00:14:39.509
daily I'm Anna and I hope you've enjoyed


00:14:39.519 --> 00:14:40.670
this journey through the latest


00:14:40.680 --> 00:14:43.110
developments in space and astronomy for


00:14:43.120 --> 00:14:44.910
more fascinating stories and updates


00:14:44.920 --> 00:14:47.670
visit our website at astronomy daily.


00:14:47.680 --> 00:14:49.470
where you can sign up for our free daily


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newsletter and access our constantly


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updating news feed you'll also find all


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00:14:55.639 --> 00:14:58.150
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00:14:58.160 --> 00:14:59.949
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Astro daily pod on Facebook X YouTube


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00:15:06.360 --> 00:15:07.829
next time keep looking up and stay


00:15:07.839 --> 00:15:15.210
curious about our Incredible Universe


00:15:15.220 --> 00:15:29.389
[Music]


00:15:29.399 --> 00:15:32.399
told