Parker Solar Probe’s Record-Breaking Journey, Mysterious X-ray Flares, and Solar Cycle’s Weather...

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Language: en

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this is spacetime series 28 episode 3


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for broadcast on the 6th of January


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2025 coming up on SpaceTime more on the


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fastest man-made object in history


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NASA's Parker solar probe the mystery of


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ultra luminous x-ray sources and a


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possible link between the sun's solar


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cycle and the linia weather pattern all


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that and more coming up on


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SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with


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Stuart Gary


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[Music]




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Mission operations teams have confirmed


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NASA's mission to touch the sun has


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survived its record-breaking close


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approach to the solar surface on


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December 24th breaking its previous


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record by flying just 6.1 million Kil m


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above the sun's surface NASA's Parker


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solar probe hurdled through the solar


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atmosphere at a blazing


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155,50 120 kmph faster than any man-made


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object has ever moved a beacon tone


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received late on December the 26th by


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NASA's deep space Communications


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facility at tidb bill in near CRA


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confirmed the spacecraft had made it


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through its close encounter safely and


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was operating nominally the close flyby


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was the first of Mor to come at this


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this distance allowing the spacecraft to


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conduct unrivaled science measurements


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with the potential to change our


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understanding of our nearest star by


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studying the sun closeup scientists can


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better understand its impacts throughout


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the solar system including that on


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technology which we use daily here on


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Earth and in space it also allows


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astronomers to learn more about the


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workings of stars Across the Universe in


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order to Aid science's search for


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habitable worlds beyond our home planet


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but it hasn't been an easy job Journey


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Parker solar probe has spent the last 6


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years setting up for this moment


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launched back in 2018 the spacecraft U7


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flybys of Venus to gravitationally


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direct it ever closer to the Sun and


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with its last Venus flyby November the 6


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the spacecraft finally reached its


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optimal orbit the oval-shaped orbit


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brings Parker to an ideal distance from


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the Sun every 3 months close enough to


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study the stars mysterious processes but


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not too close to become overwhelmed by


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the the sun's heat and damaging


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radiation the spacecraft will remain in


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this orbit for the remainder of its


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primary Mission flying this close to the


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Sun Parker relies on a crucial carbon


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foam shield in order to protect it from


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the extreme heat of the upper solar


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atmosphere or Corona which can exceed a


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million de C in the hot but low density


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Corona Parker's Shield is heated to


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about 1,000° CS The Shield was designed


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to reach temperatures of 1500° C that's


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hot enough to melt steel while still


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keeping instruments behind it shaded at


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a comfortable room temperature of


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21° by flying through the solar Corona


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Parker solar probe can take measurements


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that help scientists better understand


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how this origion gets so hot it can


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trace the origins of the solar wind the


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constant flow of charged particles


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streaming out from the sun and it can


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discover how energetic particles are


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accelerated to almost half the speed of


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light previous passes have already aided


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scientists in understanding the sun when


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the spacecraft first passed into the


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solar atmosphere back in 2021 it found


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that the outer boundary of the coronal


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was wrinkled with spikes and valleys


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that's contrary to what was expected


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Parker also pinpointed the origin of


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important zigzag shaped structures in


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the solar wind known as switchbacks at


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the visible surface of the Sun the


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Photosphere since that initial pass into


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the Sun the spacecraft's been spending


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more and more time in the corona where


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most of the critical physical processes


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occur astronomers now understand the


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solar wind and its acceleration away


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from the Sun and this close approach has


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given them more data to understand how


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it's accelerated closer in Parker solar


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probes also made discoveries across the


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inner solar system observations showed


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how massive solar eruptions called


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coronal mass ejections vacuum up dust as


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they sweep across the solar system and


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other observations have revealed


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unexpected findings about solar


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energetic particles flybys of Venus have


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documented the planet's natural radio


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misss from its atmosphere as well as the


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first complete image of its orbital dust


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ring so far Park is still only


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transmitted that it's safe and operating


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nominally but soon it'll be far enough


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away from the Sun that it'll be able to


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down link all the data that's collected


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during this latest solar pass the data


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that will be coming down from the


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spacecraft will be fresh information


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about a place that we as Humanity have


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never been but which we rely on for our


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very


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existence this report from NASA TV in


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1958 scientists put a vision that we


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need to fly a spacecraft within the


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atmosphere of the Sun but it is so


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challenging extremely difficult to


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realize that it took us six decades to


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build a system that can fly safely and


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reliably within the atmosphere of a star


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3 2 1 Zer liftoff of the mighty Delta 4


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heavy rocket with NASA's Parker solar


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probe a daring mission to shed light on


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the mysteries of our closest star the


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sun it looked like we had a hit there


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for a


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second yes Nick uh I believe we do have


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a detection of Beacon tone


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one there it is see it there it


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is Parker solar probe is 3.8 3.8 3.8


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million miles from the surface of the


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Sun it is so incredible to just realize


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this is the moment that we designed this


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mission for 3.8 million miles may not


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sound that close but if I put the Sun


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and the Earth 1 M apart Parker solar


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probe would be 4 cm from the sun it's


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the closest human-made object to a star


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and also the fastest traveling at


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430,000 M an hour I mean we're flying


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through the atmosphere of a star that's


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not easy to do it's something we've


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never done


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before this is our first close encounter


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with a star and it's really just amazing


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this area that Parker is going into is


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just so crucial to our understanding of


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the Sun and its impact on the earth that


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solar interaction that space weather


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those billions of tons of material that


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the sun can throw at us interacts with


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our power grids can interact with our


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technology so it's really important to


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understand them at their source and how


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they get all that energy when we were


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thinking about designing a spacecraft to


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go to someplace that had never been


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before and it's actually going there to


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study the Sun and so you're kind of


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saying what am I designing what are the


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environments designing for it has to go


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from the deepest coldest space to a very


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warm area and keep everything working at


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a little bit above roof temperature it's


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designed to go to such an extreme


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environment you look at it and it


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doesn't quite look like most other


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spacecraft the whole thing is designed


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such such that the heat shield is taking


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most of the brunt of the heat of the Sun


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the heat shield will be at about,


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1800° Fahrenheit and it's protecting the


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spacecraft so the spacecraft is actually


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basically a room temperature this is


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such a great feat of engineering and it


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really shows how capable we are in space


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this is something that we've been


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wanting to do since 1958 when it was


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first mentioned and the technical


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problems that had to be overcome in


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order to achieve it it's just Monumental


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to be able to get a spacecraft this


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close to the Sun to get close to the


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sun is not easy it looks like from Earth


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to the Suns not that far uh the key


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issue is energy in order for Parker to


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get close to the sun we needed to lose a


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lot of Parker's speed possessed at


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Earth's orbit fortunately I was able to


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create a trajectory with seven Venus Fly


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by the mission uses Venus in order to


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actually change its angular momentum and


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slow down to actually go closer and


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closer to the sun over the course of


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about 6 years and the Seven flybys we


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were able to move closer to the Sun and


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each time unraveling a little bit more


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of the uh Mysteries of the Sun as we get


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data from places that no spacecraft has


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ever been


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before it's the only star in our galaxy


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that we can actually go visit and that's


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what makes makes it so magical by flying


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within the atmosphere of the sun we are


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basically tracing the Fingerprints of


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the physical mechanisms of the sun we


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now view the sun in a different way when


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you look at images from Parker solar Pro


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oh my goodness they are extremely


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extremely complex and that complexity


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for us it's a new science that we need


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to investigate we need to understand the


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things that we've learned over the years


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that Parker has been in orbit have been


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amazing they've challenged our ideas


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about how the solar wind is made about


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how the Sun Works about some of these


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fundamental things that are going on


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there's a lot of Pride and excitement uh


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for this closest approach so much effort


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and so many people have worked on this I


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think it really took the teamwork and


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Synergy of Engineers and scientists and


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um administrators and and a lot of


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different people to think this Mission


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up and in that report from n V we heard


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from Parker project scientist nor waafi


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from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics


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laboratory NASA's science Mission


00:10:06.279 --> 00:10:08.870
directorate Chief Nikki Fox NASA's


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heliophysics director Joseph Westlake


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Kelly K also from NASA heliophysics and


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from John's Hopkins Applied Physics


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laboratory lead heat engineer Betsy


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cogden mission systems engineer John


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werzberger and Parker Mission engineer


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Yan pinga this is spacetime still to


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come astronomers to protect unusual


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flaring activity in a mysterious object


00:10:32.240 --> 00:10:34.470
known as an ultr luminous x-ray source


00:10:34.480 --> 00:10:36.470
and a possible link between the sun's


00:10:36.480 --> 00:10:38.790
solar cycle and Earth's Lear in your


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weather patterns all that and more still


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to come on


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[Music]




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SpaceTime astronomers studying a


00:10:59.760 --> 00:11:01.190
mysterious object known as an


00:11:01.200 --> 00:11:03.629
ultraluminous x-ray Source have detected


00:11:03.639 --> 00:11:06.350
strange flaring activity first


00:11:06.360 --> 00:11:08.190
discovered back in the 1980s by the


00:11:08.200 --> 00:11:10.470
Einstein Observatory ultraluminous x-ray


00:11:10.480 --> 00:11:12.509
sources are Point sources of intense


00:11:12.519 --> 00:11:15.190
x-ray energy they're less luminous than


00:11:15.200 --> 00:11:17.389
active Galactic nuclei which are caused


00:11:17.399 --> 00:11:19.590
by feeding super massive black holes but


00:11:19.600 --> 00:11:21.389
consistently more luminous than any


00:11:21.399 --> 00:11:23.949
known Stellar process although the Milky


00:11:23.959 --> 00:11:25.990
Way galaxy has no known ultraluminous


00:11:26.000 --> 00:11:28.310
x-ray sources most galaxies that have


00:11:28.320 --> 00:11:30.670
been studied surf have at least one and


00:11:30.680 --> 00:11:33.710
some of several astronomers used the xmm


00:11:33.720 --> 00:11:36.389
Newton Newar Chandra and Swift space


00:11:36.399 --> 00:11:38.389
telescopes to observe an ultraluminous


00:11:38.399 --> 00:11:42.470
x-ray Source known as X7 it's one of two


00:11:42.480 --> 00:11:44.430
ultraluminous x-ray sources the other


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designated X10 located in the


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intermittent spiral galaxy NGC 4559 some


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29 million light years away in the


00:11:52.560 --> 00:11:55.590
constellation coma brenes a report on


00:11:55.600 --> 00:11:57.990
the prepress physics website archive.org


00:11:58.000 --> 00:12:00.470
says x7s long term x-ray light curve


00:12:00.480 --> 00:12:02.910
shows flux variations up to a factor of


00:12:02.920 --> 00:12:05.949
six over just a few hours now this sort


00:12:05.959 --> 00:12:08.030
of activity wasn't seen in any earlier


00:12:08.040 --> 00:12:10.150
x-way observations of X7 and it


00:12:10.160 --> 00:12:12.430
manifests only when the source is at its


00:12:12.440 --> 00:12:14.949
highest observed luminosities during the


00:12:14.959 --> 00:12:16.990
peck of these flares the Luminosity was


00:12:17.000 --> 00:12:19.629
a factor of three higher than pre-flare


00:12:19.639 --> 00:12:21.870
Luminosity that indicates the maximum


00:12:21.880 --> 00:12:23.790
variability of the source conspan almost


00:12:23.800 --> 00:12:26.430
an order of magnitude right now


00:12:26.440 --> 00:12:27.790
astronomers think that most


00:12:27.800 --> 00:12:30.110
ultraluminous x-ray s ources are in fact


00:12:30.120 --> 00:12:32.829
background quazar powerful Jets produced


00:12:32.839 --> 00:12:35.750
by feeding super massive black holes but


00:12:35.760 --> 00:12:37.350
another source could be feeding


00:12:37.360 --> 00:12:39.629
intermediate Mass black holes while a


00:12:39.639 --> 00:12:41.710
third possibility are unusually bright


00:12:41.720 --> 00:12:43.949
Supernova remnants at least on short


00:12:43.959 --> 00:12:47.910
time scales this is spacetime still to


00:12:47.920 --> 00:12:49.829
come a possible link between the sun's


00:12:49.839 --> 00:12:51.829
solar cycle and Earth's learning your


00:12:51.839 --> 00:12:53.350
weather patterns and later in the


00:12:53.360 --> 00:12:55.790
science report the discovery of a


00:12:55.800 --> 00:12:58.230
spectacular 166 million year old


00:12:58.240 --> 00:13:01.110
dinosaur tra way in Oxfordshire all that


00:13:01.120 --> 00:13:08.610
and more still to come on


00:13:08.620 --> 00:13:18.269
[Music]


00:13:18.279 --> 00:13:20.550
SpaceTime a new study shows a


00:13:20.560 --> 00:13:22.350
correlation between the end of the Suns


00:13:22.360 --> 00:13:25.189
11U solar cycle and a switch from El


00:13:25.199 --> 00:13:27.949
Nino to Lino weather patn in the Pacific


00:13:27.959 --> 00:13:30.269
Ocean the the findings reported in the


00:13:30.279 --> 00:13:32.629
journal Earth and space Sciences suggest


00:13:32.639 --> 00:13:35.110
that solar variability may be driving


00:13:35.120 --> 00:13:37.230
seasonal weather variability here on


00:13:37.240 --> 00:13:39.990
Earth now if this connection holds up it


00:13:40.000 --> 00:13:41.389
could significantly improve the


00:13:41.399 --> 00:13:43.389
predictability of the largest El Nino


00:13:43.399 --> 00:13:46.710
and Lino weather events these have major


00:13:46.720 --> 00:13:49.710
seasonal climatic effects on Earth for


00:13:49.720 --> 00:13:52.230
example eastern Australia becomes drier


00:13:52.240 --> 00:13:54.749
and more drought prone during an elino


00:13:54.759 --> 00:13:56.590
while it becomes wetter and more flood


00:13:56.600 --> 00:13:59.470
prone during a Lino event and the


00:13:59.480 --> 00:14:01.389
Southern United States tends to be


00:14:01.399 --> 00:14:03.790
warmer and drier during linia or the


00:14:03.800 --> 00:14:05.790
northern us tends to be colder and


00:14:05.800 --> 00:14:08.910
wetter the sun's 11U solar cycle


00:14:08.920 --> 00:14:10.829
involves a regular polarity flip at the


00:14:10.839 --> 00:14:13.150
sun's magnetic field at solar minimum


00:14:13.160 --> 00:14:15.189
the Magnetic North Pole becomes magnetic


00:14:15.199 --> 00:14:17.110
South and the Magnetic South Pole


00:14:17.120 --> 00:14:19.389
becomes magnetic north and this


00:14:19.399 --> 00:14:21.310
coincides with a steady increase in


00:14:21.320 --> 00:14:23.629
sunspot activity solar flares and


00:14:23.639 --> 00:14:25.829
coronal mass ejections on the sun's


00:14:25.839 --> 00:14:28.470
surface these climax around solar


00:14:28.480 --> 00:14:30.790
maximum about 5 and 1 half years after


00:14:30.800 --> 00:14:33.550
solar minimum the violent upheaval then


00:14:33.560 --> 00:14:35.550
gradually dissipates as the sun moves


00:14:35.560 --> 00:14:37.509
back to solar minimum and the start of


00:14:37.519 --> 00:14:40.430
the next solar cycle the appearance and


00:14:40.440 --> 00:14:42.629
disappearance of sunspots the outwardly


00:14:42.639 --> 00:14:44.790
visible signs of solar variability have


00:14:44.800 --> 00:14:47.110
been observed by humans for hundreds of


00:14:47.120 --> 00:14:49.470
years the waxing and waning of the


00:14:49.480 --> 00:14:51.550
number of sunspots takes place over


00:14:51.560 --> 00:14:54.310
approximately 11e Cycles but these


00:14:54.320 --> 00:14:56.310
Cycles do not have distinct beginnings


00:14:56.320 --> 00:14:59.389
and ends this fuzziness in the length of


00:14:59.399 --> 00:15:01.590
any particular solar cycle has made it


00:15:01.600 --> 00:15:03.430
challenging for scientists to match up


00:15:03.440 --> 00:15:05.509
the 11year solar cycle with changes


00:15:05.519 --> 00:15:08.069
happening on Earth in this new study the


00:15:08.079 --> 00:15:09.790
authors rely on what they're describing


00:15:09.800 --> 00:15:12.110
as a more precise 22-year clock for


00:15:12.120 --> 00:15:15.470
solar activity this 22-year cycle begins


00:15:15.480 --> 00:15:17.749
when oppositely charged magnetic bands


00:15:17.759 --> 00:15:19.829
that wrap around the sun appear near the


00:15:19.839 --> 00:15:23.150
Stars polar latitudes now over the cycle


00:15:23.160 --> 00:15:25.310
these bands migrate towards the solar


00:15:25.320 --> 00:15:27.590
equator causing sunspots to appear as


00:15:27.600 --> 00:15:29.990
they travel across mid- latitude D the


00:15:30.000 --> 00:15:31.910
cycle ends when the bands meet in the


00:15:31.920 --> 00:15:34.309
middle mutually annihilating one another


00:15:34.319 --> 00:15:35.910
in what the authors are calling a


00:15:35.920 --> 00:15:38.350
Terminator event and it's these


00:15:38.360 --> 00:15:40.550
Terminators which provide exact guide


00:15:40.560 --> 00:15:42.870
posts for the end of one solar cycle and


00:15:42.880 --> 00:15:45.230
the beginning of the next the authors


00:15:45.240 --> 00:15:46.990
then impose these Terminator events


00:15:47.000 --> 00:15:48.710
oversee surface temperatures in the


00:15:48.720 --> 00:15:51.230
tropical Pacific stretching back to


00:15:51.240 --> 00:15:53.949
1960 amazingly they found that the five


00:15:53.959 --> 00:15:55.829
Terminator events that occur between


00:15:55.839 --> 00:15:58.990
that time and 2010 2011 all coincided


00:15:59.000 --> 00:16:01.030
with a flip from an El Nino when the


00:16:01.040 --> 00:16:02.550
central eastern Pacific Sea surface


00:16:02.560 --> 00:16:04.230
temperatures are warmer than average to


00:16:04.240 --> 00:16:06.470
a Lin when the central eastern Pacific


00:16:06.480 --> 00:16:08.230
Sea surface temperatures are cooler than


00:16:08.240 --> 00:16:10.309
average and the end of the most recent


00:16:10.319 --> 00:16:14.110
solar cycle 24 in 2019 also coincided


00:16:14.120 --> 00:16:16.550
with the beginning of a Lor event the


00:16:16.560 --> 00:16:18.030
authors then undertook a number of


00:16:18.040 --> 00:16:19.910
statistical analyses to determine the


00:16:19.920 --> 00:16:21.829
likelihood that this correlation was


00:16:21.839 --> 00:16:23.910
just a fluke finding there was only one


00:16:23.920 --> 00:16:26.790
in 5,000 chance or less of all five


00:16:26.800 --> 00:16:28.949
Terminator events included in the study


00:16:28.959 --> 00:16:31.030
randomly coinciding with the flipping


00:16:31.040 --> 00:16:33.749
ocean temperatures now that a sixth


00:16:33.759 --> 00:16:35.629
Terminator event and the corresponding


00:16:35.639 --> 00:16:37.990
start of the new solar cycle 25 in late


00:16:38.000 --> 00:16:41.110
2019 also coincided with a Lenor event


00:16:41.120 --> 00:16:42.670
the chances of it all being a random


00:16:42.680 --> 00:16:45.150
occurrence becomes even more remote


00:16:45.160 --> 00:16:46.509
while the authors haven't determined


00:16:46.519 --> 00:16:48.629
what causes this apparent correlation


00:16:48.639 --> 00:16:49.910
they're looking at the influence of the


00:16:49.920 --> 00:16:51.629
sun's magnetic field on the amount of


00:16:51.639 --> 00:16:53.590
cosmic rays that penetrate the solar


00:16:53.600 --> 00:16:56.790
system and ultimately bombard the Earth


00:16:56.800 --> 00:16:58.990
however a robust physical link between


00:16:59.000 --> 00:17:01.309
cosmic ray variations in climate has yet


00:17:01.319 --> 00:17:04.150
to be determined this is


00:17:04.160 --> 00:17:18.949
[Music]


00:17:18.959 --> 00:17:21.189
spacetime and time now to take a brief


00:17:21.199 --> 00:17:22.590
look at some of the other stories making


00:17:22.600 --> 00:17:24.949
new in science this week with a science


00:17:24.959 --> 00:17:27.829
report a new study has found increases


00:17:27.839 --> 00:17:29.390
in ambient air pollution ution


00:17:29.400 --> 00:17:31.630
especially if sustained for several days


00:17:31.640 --> 00:17:33.750
appears to correlate with a higher risk


00:17:33.760 --> 00:17:35.950
of hospitalization for people suffering


00:17:35.960 --> 00:17:38.669
from schizophrenia the findings reported


00:17:38.679 --> 00:17:40.190
in the Journal of the American Medical


00:17:40.200 --> 00:17:42.789
Association looked at over 800,000


00:17:42.799 --> 00:17:44.870
hospitalizations for schizophrenia in


00:17:44.880 --> 00:17:47.470
250 Chinese cities and short-term


00:17:47.480 --> 00:17:50.310
increases in a range of air pollutants


00:17:50.320 --> 00:17:51.990
scientists found the link was strongest


00:17:52.000 --> 00:17:54.070
for nitrogen dioxide pollution which


00:17:54.080 --> 00:17:56.510
could account for over 6% of


00:17:56.520 --> 00:17:58.350
hospitalizations the authors say that


00:17:58.360 --> 00:17:59.669
these short short-term relative


00:17:59.679 --> 00:18:02.149
increases rather than only absolute


00:18:02.159 --> 00:18:04.110
concentrations of air pollution should


00:18:04.120 --> 00:18:06.149
be factored in when targeting


00:18:06.159 --> 00:18:08.110
intervention


00:18:08.120 --> 00:18:10.510
strategies a new study suggest that


00:18:10.520 --> 00:18:12.669
eating more fruits and vegetables could


00:18:12.679 --> 00:18:14.990
help reduce depression although the


00:18:15.000 --> 00:18:16.590
benefits of high fruit and vegetable


00:18:16.600 --> 00:18:18.830
intake has previously been reported few


00:18:18.840 --> 00:18:21.230
Studies have focused on adults aged over


00:18:21.240 --> 00:18:24.029
45 the new research by the University of


00:18:24.039 --> 00:18:26.350
New South Wales assist associations


00:18:26.360 --> 00:18:28.230
between fruit and vegetable intake and


00:18:28.240 --> 00:18:30.990
depressive symptoms over 11 years in


00:18:31.000 --> 00:18:34.230
3,483 twins from Australia Denmark


00:18:34.240 --> 00:18:36.789
Sweden and the United States the


00:18:36.799 --> 00:18:38.190
findings published in the journal


00:18:38.200 --> 00:18:40.310
scientific reports shows that higher


00:18:40.320 --> 00:18:42.350
intakes of both fruit and vegetables


00:18:42.360 --> 00:18:44.270
were associated with lower symptoms of


00:18:44.280 --> 00:18:47.110
depression over time a low intake of


00:18:47.120 --> 00:18:49.390
fruit on average is considered to be 0.3


00:18:49.400 --> 00:18:51.430
serves per day while a low intake of


00:18:51.440 --> 00:18:53.510
vegetables is considered to be 0.5


00:18:53.520 --> 00:18:55.870
serves daily whereas high fruit intake


00:18:55.880 --> 00:18:58.070
was 2.1 serves per day and high


00:18:58.080 --> 00:19:01.070
vegetable int take was too serves daily


00:19:01.080 --> 00:19:02.390
interestingly the total fruit and


00:19:02.400 --> 00:19:03.669
vegetable consumption in the high


00:19:03.679 --> 00:19:06.149
category still fell notably below the


00:19:06.159 --> 00:19:09.190
dietary recommendations for most


00:19:09.200 --> 00:19:11.789
countries paleontologists have released


00:19:11.799 --> 00:19:15.110
details of a 166 million euro dinosaur


00:19:15.120 --> 00:19:17.430
trackway and covered in an Oxford she


00:19:17.440 --> 00:19:20.270
Limestone Quarry the footprints belong


00:19:20.280 --> 00:19:23.110
to a herbivorous ctsa surus caod and a


00:19:23.120 --> 00:19:25.789
Megalosaurus theropod carnivore and were


00:19:25.799 --> 00:19:27.789
made in what was once a warm shallow


00:19:27.799 --> 00:19:30.270
Lagoon they were discovered by a quarry


00:19:30.280 --> 00:19:32.710
worker clearing clay with a


00:19:32.720 --> 00:19:35.029
scientists have now Unearthed around 200


00:19:35.039 --> 00:19:36.789
large Footprints in five separate


00:19:36.799 --> 00:19:38.750
trackways in the Quarry stretching up to


00:19:38.760 --> 00:19:41.149
150 m in


00:19:41.159 --> 00:19:44.149
length well it seems a much anticipated


00:19:44.159 --> 00:19:46.029
United States Congressional hearing into


00:19:46.039 --> 00:19:47.270
evidence for the existence of


00:19:47.280 --> 00:19:49.390
unidentified anomalous phenoma has


00:19:49.400 --> 00:19:51.590
turned out to be a major flop with


00:19:51.600 --> 00:19:53.950
nothing but third person hearsay and


00:19:53.960 --> 00:19:57.029
vague unsubstantiated claims it was


00:19:57.039 --> 00:19:59.390
meant to be the big reveal were those


00:19:59.400 --> 00:20:01.590
behind all the UFO claims and there


00:20:01.600 --> 00:20:03.750
exposing the cover up would come forward


00:20:03.760 --> 00:20:05.510
and tell all under Congressional


00:20:05.520 --> 00:20:08.149
protection from prosecution hope for


00:20:08.159 --> 00:20:09.669
actual heart evidence such as the


00:20:09.679 --> 00:20:12.110
presentation of actual alien technology


00:20:12.120 --> 00:20:14.710
or firstperson testimony was


00:20:14.720 --> 00:20:17.070
nonexistant Tim mendum from a strange


00:20:17.080 --> 00:20:20.149
skeptic says he for one isn't surprised


00:20:20.159 --> 00:20:22.110
this is the latest Hearing in the US


00:20:22.120 --> 00:20:23.909
Congress the house Review Committee


00:20:23.919 --> 00:20:25.230
always sort of interviews all these


00:20:25.240 --> 00:20:27.590
different sort of government departments


00:20:27.600 --> 00:20:29.230
most countries have the say how are you


00:20:29.240 --> 00:20:30.750
going are you spending money correctly


00:20:30.760 --> 00:20:32.390
blah blah blah and so this one's popped


00:20:32.400 --> 00:20:34.630
up about UFOs same as one last year


00:20:34.640 --> 00:20:37.230
popped up about UFOs with people who are


00:20:37.240 --> 00:20:39.470
reasonable authorities at least in their


00:20:39.480 --> 00:20:41.510
proper career jobs the people who sound


00:20:41.520 --> 00:20:43.310
good retired rear Admiral I think was


00:20:43.320 --> 00:20:44.950
one of these speaking to this Congress


00:20:44.960 --> 00:20:48.110
committee about the UFO or UAP as it's


00:20:48.120 --> 00:20:50.110
called these days work that being


00:20:50.120 --> 00:20:52.110
undertaken by the government and these


00:20:52.120 --> 00:20:52.990
people always saying that the


00:20:53.000 --> 00:20:54.190
government's covering up they got the


00:20:54.200 --> 00:20:55.950
technology if worst case they got the


00:20:55.960 --> 00:20:57.909
alien bodies Etc and they're developing


00:20:57.919 --> 00:21:00.230
all these products and one day all of


00:21:00.240 --> 00:21:01.669
this is going to be revealed and the


00:21:01.679 --> 00:21:03.549
trouble is these people who do front up


00:21:03.559 --> 00:21:05.549
to Congress hearings Etc I don't think


00:21:05.559 --> 00:21:07.110
they've ever seen it but they've heard


00:21:07.120 --> 00:21:08.990
about it and so it's all third party


00:21:09.000 --> 00:21:10.789
third person testimony they don't but I


00:21:10.799 --> 00:21:12.350
know someone who did or I know someone


00:21:12.360 --> 00:21:14.110
and they know someone have seen an alien


00:21:14.120 --> 00:21:15.870
body or something UFA proponents have


00:21:15.880 --> 00:21:17.870
been talking this way for 70 years at


00:21:17.880 --> 00:21:19.630
any day now the evidence is going to be


00:21:19.640 --> 00:21:21.070
revealed and everyone would be shocked


00:21:21.080 --> 00:21:23.110
at the government cover up and that they


00:21:23.120 --> 00:21:24.789
really do have spaceships under the


00:21:24.799 --> 00:21:26.870
Nevada desert or something like that and


00:21:26.880 --> 00:21:28.990
it hasn't happened and this was no this


00:21:29.000 --> 00:21:31.110
was the great day for the big reveal and


00:21:31.120 --> 00:21:33.070
nothing was revealed it's just claims


00:21:33.080 --> 00:21:34.390
including some of the people who were


00:21:34.400 --> 00:21:35.789
there supposedly going to have a big


00:21:35.799 --> 00:21:37.549
reveal we're pointing out that yeah you


00:21:37.559 --> 00:21:39.310
know there's unidentified things out


00:21:39.320 --> 00:21:40.750
there but you know maybe they'll be


00:21:40.760 --> 00:21:42.190
identified and that's the whole problem


00:21:42.200 --> 00:21:44.029
that's what UFOs and uaps are they're


00:21:44.039 --> 00:21:45.870
unidentified and the only reason they


00:21:45.880 --> 00:21:47.590
being called up as aliens is because we


00:21:47.600 --> 00:21:48.990
don't know what they are they very well


00:21:49.000 --> 00:21:51.070
might be identified one day and most of


00:21:51.080 --> 00:21:52.870
these things are identified the vast


00:21:52.880 --> 00:21:54.510
majority but yep some will probably


00:21:54.520 --> 00:21:56.430
remain unidentified not enough witness


00:21:56.440 --> 00:21:58.909
testimony bit unreliable no record of


00:21:58.919 --> 00:22:01.870
them etc etc etc or just unclear vague


00:22:01.880 --> 00:22:03.710
sort of thing that they couldn't be


00:22:03.720 --> 00:22:05.750
identified unidentified this was a big


00:22:05.760 --> 00:22:08.390
thing UI Community saying fantastic it's


00:22:08.400 --> 00:22:09.710
all going to be revealed someone's going


00:22:09.720 --> 00:22:11.430
to drop the information on the on the


00:22:11.440 --> 00:22:12.990
desk in front of Congress and say here


00:22:13.000 --> 00:22:14.710
you go here's the evidence here's where


00:22:14.720 --> 00:22:17.590
it's at or the photos or whatever no


00:22:17.600 --> 00:22:19.350
didn't happen didn't happen last year


00:22:19.360 --> 00:22:21.470
hasn't happened anything definitive


00:22:21.480 --> 00:22:23.149
anything that hasn't been questioned for


00:22:23.159 --> 00:22:25.590
70 years and yet they keep saying any


00:22:25.600 --> 00:22:27.590
day now any day now it'll be revealed


00:22:27.600 --> 00:22:30.269
within 12 12 months and I've heard gilo


00:22:30.279 --> 00:22:31.830
people say that all the time and they


00:22:31.840 --> 00:22:33.710
always find excuses mainly because the


00:22:33.720 --> 00:22:35.430
government's cover up is very good or


00:22:35.440 --> 00:22:36.990
people are frightened to reveal the


00:22:37.000 --> 00:22:38.390
truth that they know because they're


00:22:38.400 --> 00:22:40.110
going to be sacked or intimidated or


00:22:40.120 --> 00:22:41.710
what or laughed at whatever that might


00:22:41.720 --> 00:22:43.310
be true also might be true that they


00:22:43.320 --> 00:22:44.590
don't know anything and there are people


00:22:44.600 --> 00:22:46.590
who making wild claims that they haven't


00:22:46.600 --> 00:22:48.549
then just substantiated journalists who


00:22:48.559 --> 00:22:50.070
saying it's off the Record or I don't


00:22:50.080 --> 00:22:52.510
want to reveal my sources Australian


00:22:52.520 --> 00:22:53.870
journalist who's been doing this for a


00:22:53.880 --> 00:22:55.269
couple of years pointing out that


00:22:55.279 --> 00:22:58.750
there's 11 12 13 enormous spaceships


00:22:58.760 --> 00:23:00.789
buried around the earth often with a big


00:23:00.799 --> 00:23:02.590
building on top of them um people were


00:23:02.600 --> 00:23:04.750
wondering where which buildings Etc and


00:23:04.760 --> 00:23:06.230
they did say not in the US so it might


00:23:06.240 --> 00:23:07.669
be under the Sydney Opera house or


00:23:07.679 --> 00:23:09.950
something or CERN in Europe or the


00:23:09.960 --> 00:23:11.789
Vatican or who knows what and all you


00:23:11.799 --> 00:23:12.990
have to do is ask well where are they


00:23:13.000 --> 00:23:14.630
surely we can sort of put a little hole


00:23:14.640 --> 00:23:16.789
down and find this things that oh no I


00:23:16.799 --> 00:23:18.230
can't do that because we reveal the


00:23:18.240 --> 00:23:19.789
sources don't reveal the sources just


00:23:19.799 --> 00:23:21.269
tell us where it is and then we can go


00:23:21.279 --> 00:23:23.430
and have a look is this enormous I mean


00:23:23.440 --> 00:23:24.789
really normous the are building siiz


00:23:24.799 --> 00:23:26.750
flying sources are buried somewhere they


00:23:26.760 --> 00:23:28.950
should be pretty easy to find but no 70


00:23:28.960 --> 00:23:31.070
years no evidence put forward always


00:23:31.080 --> 00:23:33.470
going to be any day now that excuse is


00:23:33.480 --> 00:23:35.990
used every time to raise journalists and


00:23:36.000 --> 00:23:38.110
raise the interest of newspapers and


00:23:38.120 --> 00:23:39.669
shock jocks and that sort of stuff


00:23:39.679 --> 00:23:41.470
course the latest ones are the drones


00:23:41.480 --> 00:23:44.190
flying over us bases that have been uh


00:23:44.200 --> 00:23:46.350
in the headlines of late and I looked at


00:23:46.360 --> 00:23:48.190
those pictures and straight away I said


00:23:48.200 --> 00:23:50.630
well that's a highflying airliner an


00:23:50.640 --> 00:23:53.789
Airbus or or a boing 737 or something


00:23:53.799 --> 00:23:56.510
and lo and behold a week later Mick West


00:23:56.520 --> 00:23:57.710
comes out with exactly the same


00:23:57.720 --> 00:23:59.990
conclusion so yes yeah yeah Mick W is


00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:01.669
very useful he did the same with the the


00:24:01.679 --> 00:24:03.789
famous Pentagon videos that were these


00:24:03.799 --> 00:24:05.390
Top Secret videos that everyone knew


00:24:05.400 --> 00:24:06.870
about and they were they finally


00:24:06.880 --> 00:24:08.029
released them and said here they are


00:24:08.039 --> 00:24:09.430
this is what some of our Pilots have


00:24:09.440 --> 00:24:10.990
seen I think Nick spent about five


00:24:11.000 --> 00:24:12.470
minutes on each of them and explain what


00:24:12.480 --> 00:24:14.230
they were so he it's very much worth


00:24:14.240 --> 00:24:16.830
seeking out mck west pedon don't want to


00:24:16.840 --> 00:24:18.789
admit anything because what it does it


00:24:18.799 --> 00:24:21.350
shows just how inefficient the most


00:24:21.360 --> 00:24:23.830
advanced Optical technology we have on


00:24:23.840 --> 00:24:26.470
our most advanced fighter jets really is


00:24:26.480 --> 00:24:29.070
yeah that's right yeah yeah it it it uh


00:24:29.080 --> 00:24:30.190
picks up a lot of things which they


00:24:30.200 --> 00:24:31.950
should know better as to what they are


00:24:31.960 --> 00:24:33.230
but the truth is out there and it's


00:24:33.240 --> 00:24:34.630
amazing actually some of these people in


00:24:34.640 --> 00:24:36.070
this latest Congress hearing said


00:24:36.080 --> 00:24:37.669
exactly that the truth is out there all


00:24:37.679 --> 00:24:39.590
we have to do is find it Well maybe the


00:24:39.600 --> 00:24:41.389
truth is not out there by saying this


00:24:41.399 --> 00:24:42.950
exists but I have no evidence for it


00:24:42.960 --> 00:24:44.510
doesn't mean it exists it just means


00:24:44.520 --> 00:24:45.470
that you don't know what you're talking


00:24:45.480 --> 00:24:47.630
about one thing I found through my many


00:24:47.640 --> 00:24:49.909
years on this planet studying you people


00:24:49.919 --> 00:24:52.470
is that most politicians and and most


00:24:52.480 --> 00:24:54.789
senior bureaucrats aren't playing some


00:24:54.799 --> 00:24:57.590
four-dimensional mavian chess game they


00:24:57.600 --> 00:24:59.350
really aren't that bright and they


00:24:59.360 --> 00:25:01.269
really are just doing the first thing


00:25:01.279 --> 00:25:02.870
that comes to mind yes that's right I


00:25:02.880 --> 00:25:04.950
mean the the people asking the questions


00:25:04.960 --> 00:25:06.389
at these Congress things you get both


00:25:06.399 --> 00:25:08.990
sort people asking with a Ry smile is


00:25:09.000 --> 00:25:10.110
this what you're claiming and someone


00:25:10.120 --> 00:25:11.630
else with their Wise Eyes Wide Open


00:25:11.640 --> 00:25:14.029
saying wow this must be true they do


00:25:14.039 --> 00:25:15.669
they run a gamut of brightness or lack


00:25:15.679 --> 00:25:17.149
of brightness and the people they're


00:25:17.159 --> 00:25:18.310
interviewing people who who are


00:25:18.320 --> 00:25:19.750
presenting giving evidence tend to have


00:25:19.760 --> 00:25:21.430
a bit better qualifications than the


00:25:21.440 --> 00:25:22.990
politicians do so naturally the


00:25:23.000 --> 00:25:25.029
politicians believe them that's Tim mum


00:25:25.039 --> 00:25:28.710
from Australian Skeptics


00:25:28.720 --> 00:25:42.110
[Music]


00:25:42.120 --> 00:25:44.990
and that's the show for now SpaceTime is


00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:46.870
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Gary this has been another quality


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